辨析except,exceptfor(that),besides.doc

except, except for / that, besides都有"除……之外"的意思,但用法各异,现就它们的用法进行分析比较:
　一、except的用法--"排除式"
　　except意为"只有……除外;除去……",后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内。因此,常和all, everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是"同类项"。例如:
　1. All of them went out for a walk ________ John.
　　A. besides B. except C. beside D. excepts
　2. Everyone is here ________ Xiao Wang and me.
　　A. except B. besides C. beside D. excepts
　　析:Key:1. B 2. A。因除去的与保留的是"同类项",且1、2题中有信息词All、Everyone。

　二、except for/that的用法--"排除否定式"
　　except 除后跟名词、代词作宾语外,还可跟介词,也可跟从句。
　　(1)except for...是"除了因为……;要不是……;除去……一点外"的意思,表示"对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法"。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的"排除否定式"。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的"不是同类项"。例如:
　1. It was dark in the city ________ a few weak lights.
　　A. except for B. except C. besides D. but for
　2. Your composition is very good ________ a few spelling mistakes.
　　A. except that B. except for 　　C. besides D. beside
　　析:Key: 1. A 2. B。因为除去的与保留的"不是同类项",故选except for。

　　(2)except that... 也是"除去……一点外"的意思,但应注意恰当地使用引导词。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。例如:
　1. The suit fitted him well ________ the color was a little brighter.
　　A. except for B. except that 　　C. except when D. besides`
　　析:Key: B。本题题意为"除色彩艳了一点儿外,这套衣服很适合他",从句the color was a little brighter句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that,故选except that。
　2. -Can you tell me all about the earthquake?
　　-Sorry, I know nothing about it ________ I read in the newspaper.
　　A. except B. except for 　　C. except what D. except that
　　析:Key: C。因从句中read为及物动词,且其后无宾语,故选except what。
　3. Mr Green usually goes to work by bus ________ it rains.
　　A. besides B. except when　　C. except what D. beside
　　析:Key: B。由于it rains为从句,故排除A、D,且rains为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故排除C。except when 意为"除了当……的时候"。

　　(3)except for与except that有时可互相转换。例如:
　1. Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
　　=Your composition is very good except that there are a few spelling mistakes.
　2. The village is very quiet except for some birds singing in the woods.
　　=The village is very quiet except that there are some birds singing in the woods.

　　三、besides的用法--"包括式"
　　besides相当于as well as,意为"除了……以外还有……",即"除去一部分还有另外一部分"的意思,表示besides 后面的部分包括在整体之内。例如:
　1. Does John know any other foreign language ________ French.
　　A. except B. but 　　C. besides D. beside
　　析:Key: C。由本题中的信息词"any other foreign language",可知选besides。