Section-ⅢWordpower-Grammarandusage.doc

Section_Ⅲ Word power, Grammar and usage & Task

(一)词义配对
1．athlete　 A．to do something that produces an effect or change in someone or something
2．effect B．someone who is good at or who often does sports
3．affect C．someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject
4．branch D．a part of a tree that grows outwards from the trunk and that has leaves
5．expert E．the way in which an event, action, or person changes someone or something
答案：1.B　2.E　3.A　4.D　5.C
(二)根据词性和词义写出下列单词
6．achievement n．成就→achieve vt.完成，实现
7．including prep.包括→include vt.包括→included adj.包含在内的
8. equipment n．设备；器材→equip vt.装备；配备
9. sadness n．悲伤→sad adj.悲伤的
10．comfort n．安慰；舒适→comfortable adj.舒适的

1. consider v．考虑，细想，考虑到；认为，以为
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Now he is considering taking some pills, which he thinks will help him become stronger.
他现在正考虑服用药片，他认为药片会使他更强壮。
(鲜活例句)You should consider your choice carefully.
你应该慎重考虑你的选择。
(鲜活例句)It is considered that she will do the experiment in the lab.
大家认为她要在这个实验室做实验。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
(1)consider＋考虑……
(2)consider认为……
①I am considering going_abroad.
我正在考虑出国。
②I wonder if you have considered when to get there.
我想知道你是否考虑过何时到那里去。
③Tom is considered (as / to be) our best friend.
汤姆被认为是我们最好的朋友。
④The Arab was considered_to_have_stolen_the camel.
人们认为那个阿拉伯人偷了那头骆驼。
2. effect n．效果，效应，作用；影响
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)However, they have side effects, which will damage your health.
然而，它们有副作用，对你的健康有害。
(鲜活例句)We should consider the long­term effects of it.
我们应该考虑它的长期效应。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
side effect(s)　　　　　　　　 副作用
have a/an ... effect on 对……有……的影响
come/bring/put sth. into effect 生效
take effect 开始起作用/产生效果
①The drug had an immediate effect on the pain.
这种药物对疼痛有迅速的疗效。
②The new law will come into effect from May.
新法律将从五月起生效。
③The medicine took_effect soon after he swallowed it.
他吞下药后，就很快见效了。
3. affect vt.影响；感动；打动；(病毒)感染；侵袭
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)After taking this kind of pill for some time, your friend's hair might fall out or he might have health problems, some of which may even affect his liver or heart.
在服这种药一段时间以后，你朋友的头发可能会脱落或者会出现一些健康问题，甚至会影响他的肝脏和心脏。
(鲜活例句)I was deeply affected by what she said.
我被她说的话深深感动了。
(鲜活例句)The boy was the first to be affected by H1N1 flu in this city.
这个男孩是这个城市第一个感染上甲流的。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较　affect, effect, influence
affect
作动词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思
effect
作名词，指“效果，作用”；作动词，指“按照某人的愿望产生，引起”
influence
作名词或动词，指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”

用affect, effect和influence填空
①They are discussing what effect tourism will have on the local economy.
他们正在讨论旅游业对当地经济将会产生哪些影响。
②My parents considered my friend to be a bad influence on me.
我父母认为我的朋友对我有着坏影响。
③How will the tax affect people on low incomes?
这项税收会如何影响低收入人士？
4. branch n．[C]树枝；分支；分部；分店；支流；支线

形象记忆

(教材原句)Two branches in the city — one downtown and one by the freeway!
本市有两个分店——一个在市中心，一个在高速公路旁。
(鲜活例句)Many birds are on the branches.
很多鸟栖息在树枝上。
(鲜活例句)The small river is a branch of the Huai River.
这条小河是淮河的一条支流。
5. equipment n. [U]器材；设备，装备
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)We have some of the best equipment of any gym in the world, and 35 classes every week, including tennis and swimming.
我们拥有一些世界各体育馆一流的设备，每周35个健身班，包括网球和游泳。
(鲜活例句)The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment.
政府对引进科学设备非常感兴趣。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
equip vt.　　　　　　　　　 装备，配备
equip ... with ... 用……装备……
be equipped with ... 装备着……
①They were not equipped to deal with the situation.
他们没有准备好应付这种局面。
②We need to equip our children with some special skills.
我们必须使我们的孩子具有特殊技能。
③He is_equipped_with much experience in teaching.
他具有丰富的教学经验。
6. comfort n．安慰；慰藉；舒适；令人感到安慰的人或物 vt.安慰；慰藉；使舒适
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)If it is any comfort to you ...
如果对你有点安慰的话……
(鲜活例句)Nothing I could do or say could comfort Diana when her son died.
黛安娜的儿子死后，我无论说什么或做什么都无法使她得到安慰。
(鲜活例句)He comforted his back with something soft.
他用柔软的东西使他的背部舒服一点。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
(1)bring/give comfort　　　　　 给予安慰
take/draw comfort from 从……中得到安慰
in comfort 舒适地
for comfort 讲究舒适；寻求安慰
(2)comfortable adj. 舒适的
①I turned to my family for comfort when things got difficult at work.
在工作中遇到困难时，我就从家人那里寻求安慰。
②The lonely old men drew great comfort from the government's concern.
这些孤独的老人从政府的关怀中得到了极大的安慰。
③The chair is comfortable_to_sit_on.
这把椅子坐上去很舒服。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The athletes (运动员)wearing red coats are from Canada and they are excellent.
2．This kind of medicine has a good effect (效果)on headache.
3．This scientific achievement (成就)is very helpful to the farmers.
4．The complete equipment (设备)of the new hospital will take a year.
5．His friends came to comfort (安慰)him for his loss.
6．Thirty people, including (包括)six children, went to visit the factory.
7．His childhood was filled with pain and sadness (悲伤)．
8．Both diet and exercise affect (影响)blood pressure.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．I got a chance to work in a supermarket during my summer vacation, which has many________throughout the world.
A．groups　　　　　　　　 B．branches
C．companies D．organizations
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我得到了一个在一家超市工作的机会，它在世界各地有很多分店。group“群体；组”；branch“分支；分部；分店”；company“公司”；organization“组织；机构；团体”。根据句意选B。
答案：B
2．— Are all the telephone numbers________in the directory?
— Yes, all________Jane's.
A．listed; including
B．listed; listed
C．including; includes
D．being listed; being included
解析：句意：“所有的电话号码都列在电话簿里了吗？”“是的，包括简的。”list“列，列举”，应用被动语态；including是介词，意为“包括”。根据句意选A。
答案：A
3．— Have you considered________the job as a teacher?
— Yes. I like it because a teacher is often considered________a gardener.
A．to take; to be B．to take; being
C．taking; being D．taking; to be
解析：考查非谓语动词。由语境可知，第一空consider意为“考虑”，常用结构consider doing“考虑做某事”，第二空consider作“认为”讲，常用结构为consider ＋宾语＋to be，故D项正确。
答案：D
4．The experience in the foreign countries has a great________on him.
A．effect B．affect
C．effort D．afford
解析：考查固定短语have a great effect on。句意：出国的经历对他的影响很大。
答案：A
5．The old couple intend to live________after their retirement.
A．in difficulty B．in fun
C．in comfort D．in need
解析：句意：这对老夫妇打算退休之后舒适地生活。in difficulty“困难地”；in fun“闹着玩地”；in comfort“舒适地”；in need“需要”。根据句意选C。
答案：C
6．Our school has changed all the office________for us at the beginning of the term.
A．equipments B．advertisement
C．advertisements D．equipment
解析：句意：开学初学校为我们换了所有的办公设备。equipment“配备；设备”，是不可数名词，故选D。advertisement“广告”。
答案：D
7．The hotel offers a high standard of________and service.
A．balance B．comfort
C．wisdom D．pressure
解析：句意：这家旅馆提供高标准的舒适和服务。comfort“舒适”，符合句意。balance“平衡”；wisdom“智慧”；pressure“压力”。
答案：B
8．The police are________at handling situations like this and you don't need worry.
A．expert B．confused
C．normal D．foolish
解析：句意：警察处理这类情况很在行，你不需要担心。expert“熟练的，内行的”，符合句意。confused“困惑的”；normal“正常的”；foolish“愚蠢的”。
答案：A

1．have an effect on　　　 对……有作用
2．in shape 保持体形，形状不变
3．fall out (牙齿、头发等)脱落
4．put on weight 体重增加
5．make the most of 充分利用
6．get into shape 强身健体
7．take a risk 冒险
8．by the way 顺便问，顺便说

1. in shape保持体形，形状不变
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)．.. here are some sports you can do to keep busy and stay in shape.
……下面就是你能做的一些运动，它们能使你一直繁忙并保持体形。
(鲜活例句)Nowadays, many middle­aged women want to be in slim shape.
现在，许多中年妇女想保持苗条身材。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
in order有序地　　　　in danger处于危险中
in public公开地 in progress在进行中
in silence沉默地 in trouble陷入困境
in surprise惊奇地 in use在使用中
①After the match, the audience left the stadium in order.
比赛结束后，观众有序地退场。
②A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in_trouble.
一个有礼貌的人绝不会嘲笑身处困境的人们。
③She doesn't like to be seen in_public without her make­up on.
她不愿意未化妆就公开露面。
2．fall out (牙齿、头发等)脱落，掉下
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)Her hair fell out in the autumn.
以前一到秋天她就脱发。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
fall down　　　　倒下；(计划等)失败
fall off 从……上掉下来
fall behind 落后
fall over 跌倒；倒下；被……绊倒
①Africa falls far behind Europe in industry.
在工业方面，非洲远远落后于欧洲。
②I rushed for the door and fell_over the chair in the hallway.
我冲向门口，在过道被椅子绊了一跤。
3．make the most of 充分利用
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Join us now and make the most of this special offer!
现在就请加入我们的行列吧，充分利用这个特别的优惠！
(鲜活例句) How can I make the most of my computer?
我该如何最大限度利用我的电脑呢？
(二)归纳拓展全析考点
make use of　　　　　　　　 利用
make good use of 好好利用
充分利用
①We should make use of our spare time to study.
我们应该利用我们的业余时间去学习。
②We should make full use of the Internet resources.
我们应该充分利用网络资源。
③Do you know any other use we can make_of the chair?
你知道这把椅子的其他用途吗？
[点津]　make use of 结构中的use 常用作先行词，而把make of 放在后面的定语从句中，这是命题热点。

Ⅰ.句型转换
1．He fell down on his knees because of carelessness and found a tooth gone.
→His tooth fell out because of falling down on his knees carelessly.
2．The students should make full use of the books in the school library.
→The students should make the most/best_of the books in the school library.
3．He lives comfortably.
→He lives in comfort.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．I looked at him________. I didn't expect to see him again in such an occasion.
A．in public　　　　　　　 B．in shape
C．in secret D．in surprise
解析：句意：我惊讶地看着他，没想到在这种场合再次见到他。in public“公开地”；in shape“保持体形”；in secret“秘密地”；in surprise“吃惊地”。根据句意选D。
答案：D
2．Time is so limited, you should________ the most of it.
A．take B．make
C．do D．get
解析：句意：时间有限，你要充分利用。make the most of“充分利用”，是固定搭配，故选B。
答案：B
3．He fell________ a rock in his walk and ________ to his feet.
A．over; struggled B．off; ran
C．over; stood D．off; brought
解析：句意：他被一块岩石绊倒，挣扎着站起来。fall over“被……绊倒，摔倒”；fall off “下降，减少，从……掉下”；struggle to one's feet “挣扎着站起来”。
答案：A
4．I've got to________ before winter, so I can stand coldness.
A．get into trouble B．get into office
C．get into shape D．get into debt
解析：句意：冬天到来之前我得让身体强健起来，这样我就可以忍受寒冷了。get into shape“强身健体”，符合句意。get into trouble“陷入困境”；get into office“就职”；get into debt“欠债”。
答案：C

1．[句型展示]　What_about baseball or golf?
棒球或者高尔夫球怎么样？
[典例背诵]
What about going to Brazil to watch the 2014 World Cup?
到巴西去看世界杯怎么样？
2．[句型展示]　I just read your post and would like to tell you about my brother, who had the_same problem as your friend.
我刚看到你的邮件，我想告诉你的是，我弟弟和你朋友有着相同的问题。
[典例背诵]
This one works in exactly the same way as the other.
这个跟那个运转方法完全一样。
3．[句型展示]　I really don't know which_sport_to_choose.
我真不知道该选哪种运动。
[典例背诵]
We haven't decided when to start.
我们还没决定何时出发。
4．[句型展示]　Some athletes, whose achievements were great, died very young because they took this kind of pill.
一些取得过辉煌成就的运动员因服用这种药而英年早逝。
[典例背诵]
He returned home, safe and sound.
他安全无恙地回了家。

1．I really don't know which_sport_to_choose.
我真不知道该选哪种运动。
which sport to choose 是“疑问词＋不定式”结构，该结构在句中相当于一个名词的作用，常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
①Where to go tomorrow has not been decided.(作主语)
明天要去什么地方还没有决定。
②I hardly know what_to_say before you.(作宾语)
我几乎不知道在你面前该说什么。
③Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.(作表语)
也许最难的挑战是如何在没有朋友的情况下生存。
2．Some athletes, whose achievements were great, died very young because they took this kind of pill.
一些取得过辉煌成就的运动员因服用这种药而英年早逝。
young为形容词，在句中作状语。
形容词或形容词短语作状语，常说明主语的情况，主要有以下几种类型：
(1)作方式或伴随状况
①The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught.
＝ The thief hid himself in the corner, who was afraid of being caught.
小偷躲在角落里，害怕被抓到。
(2)作原因状语
②Thirsty and eager to have a rest, he went into a teahouse.
＝As he was thirsty and eager to have a rest, he went into a teahouse.
由于口渴，而且想要休息一下，他走进了一家茶馆。
(3)作时间或条件状语
③Ripe, these apples are sweet.
＝When/If these apples are ripe, they are sweet.
这些苹果熟了，味道很甜。
(4)作让步状语
④Wet_or_fine,_he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
＝Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是六点钟起床，并到公园里散散步。
(5)作结果状语
⑤For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.
她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。
(6)作评注性状语
⑥Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby in its mouth.
更糟糕的是，狮子甚至能把婴儿叼走。

Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Have you considered what_to_do_next (下一步干什么)?
2．What_about_going_to_the_cinema (去看电影怎么样)this evening?
3．The little girl is watching TV, excited (兴奋的)．
4．This is the_same_bike_as (和那辆自行车一样)I lost last week.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．________ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A．To be tired　　　　　　　　 B．Tired
C．Tiring D．Being tired
解析：形容词短语tired and short of breath在句中作状语，表示主语的状态。句意：安迪和露比是第一批登上泰山顶的，(他们)又累又气喘吁吁的。
答案：B
2．He told us whether ________ a picnic was still under discussion.
A．to have B．having
C．have D．had
解析：句意：他告诉我们是否会外出野餐还在讨论中。us后是一个宾语从句(省略that)，而从句的主语是“疑问词＋to do”来充当的，表示一个尚未发生的动作。故选A。
答案：A

Ⅰ.句型转换
1．We should make full use of the last time.
→We should make the most/best of the last time.
2．Their lifestyle is changing little by little.
→The way they live is changing little by little.
3．Harmful chemicals in the pills will damage your health.
→The pills, containing harmful chemicals, will do harm/damage to your health.
4．They are thinking about how they can get there in time.
→They are considering how to get there in time.
5．That he refused to come was because he was afraid of seeing his former girlfriend.
→Why he refused to come was that he was afraid of seeing his former girlfriend.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Rubbish________to give light after this kind of new machine is invented.
A．will be made use　　　　　 B．will make use of
C．will be used of D．will be made use of
解析：句意：这种机器被发明后废物将被利用来发光。make use of的将来被动形式是will be made use of，故选D。
答案：D
2．I read a very interesting________on the Internet today.
A．post B．advice
C．chance D．painting
解析：句意：我今天在网上看了一个很有趣的帖子。post“帖子”，符合句意。advice“建议”，是不可数名词；chance“机会”；painting“绘画，绘画作品”。
答案：A
3．What about________Beijing for our holiday?
A．go to B．going for
C．leaving to D．going to
解析：what about其后应跟名词或动名词，故排除A；去某地可用go to a place/leave for a place，故排除B、C两项。
答案：D
4．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area.
A．in B．on
C．at D．with
解析：effect常与on搭配，意为“对……有影响”。句意：已经召开会议讨论旅游对这个地区的野生动植物产生的影响。
答案：B
5．This kind of fruit________large amounts of vitamin, ________vitamin C.
A．includes; including B．takes; containing
C．holds; included D．contains; including
解析：句意：这种水果含有大量的维生素，其中包含维生素C。第一个空用contain“含有(某成分)”；第二个空用介词including“包括”。
答案：D
6．They're planning to open a________in St. Louis next year.
A．department B．part
C．section D．branch
解析：句意：他们计划明年在圣路易斯开一家分店。branch“分部，分店”，符合句意。department“部门，机关”；part“部分”；section“块，节”。
答案：D
7．(2011·辽宁高考)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______to read fast.
A．what B．who
C．how D．why
解析：句意：20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，“that aims to teach ______ to read fast”是定语从句，修饰先行词class。在此定语从句中，teach 后接的不定式前缺少表示方式的连接词，故how 正确。此处为“连接词＋to do”结构。
答案：C
8．You can trust him, because he is the________in medicine.
A．engineer B．foreigner
C．expert D．member
解析：句意：你可以信任他，因为他是医药方面的专家。expert“专家”，符合句意。engineer“工程师”；foreigner“外国人”；member“成员”。
答案：C
9．It was with great________that we learned of his death.
A．sadnes