牛津高中英语倒装语句讲解与练习.doc

倒装1
主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。反之 ，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装语和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
1． 全部倒装：
1）。There be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除外还可用 live, happen, exist, remain, stand等等作这类句型的谓语：
There are many students in the classroom.
Long , long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.
There happened to be no body in the bedroom when the fire broke out.
There lies a large Greenland in front of the house .
2）。Here/there/now＋vi（常为come ,go）＋主语（必须是名词）
此句型中here/there→used for drawing attention to something/somebody（用来唤起注意）喂，注意了
Here comes Mary. → I can see Mary coming.
There goes the bell. 铃响了。→I can hear the bell ringing.
Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
There he comes.他来了。
这时句中不能用正在进行时
here句中也可用系动词
Here is John. →You say that when you see John arrive。
Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for, or you are looking for.这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）
Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。
“Give me some paper .” “Here you are.”“给我点纸。” “给你。”
3).then引起谓语为 come, follow的句子
Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。
Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。
4).out, in, up ,down, away 之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go, run ,rush, etc。句式为：副词＋vi＋主语（必须是名词）
Away went the boy.
Away they went.
Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.
In came the rose fragrance through the windows.
5).介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语＋vi＋主语（必须是名词）
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
From the distance came occasional barks.
6).表语放在句首，表语常为形容词，分词，副词，介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）
Very important in the farms’ life is the radio weather report.
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.
Seriously damaged in the earthquake was the white building in the city.
Playing the guitar on the playground are the students from class five and class three.
On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.
South of city are two big lakes.
7) 直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）:
“They must be in the fields now,” thought Xiao Lin.“他们准是下地了。”小林想道。
“Help! Help!” cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！”
如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面：
“Take your seats, gentlemen,” Wilson shouted。 威尔逊嚷道：“先
生们坐好。” “That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whisper.小杨低声告诉我说：“那个人是著名的电影明星。”
2．部分倒装
1）。only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
Only when the war was over in1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
注意① 在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
②only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.
2）。否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒，：表示否定意义的副词never, nor，neither, 表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few, seldom, little, 含有no和not的词组by no means（决不）, in no time（很快）, at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until, not only…but also, no sooner than＝ hardly when scarcely when即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”。
Never have I been in this city.
Little/Seldom do I watch TV.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
注意①关联词的搭配
 ②前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。
3）以so开头,用 “so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作 “也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用 “neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”。 译作 “也不是，也没有”。
The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.
Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了人也变了。
－I don’t think I can walk any further.
－Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.
注意① 当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时译作 “的确，正是”应用自然语序：
－Tom works hard.
－So he does and so do you.
②倒装部分的助动词，情态动词，连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致，主谓一致的变化要与后面主语相呼应。
If you don’t go, neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go, I shall not go.）
注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with something /somebody或 So it is with something/somebody.
I like English very much, but I don’t like physics. It is the same with my brother.
She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.
Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. It was the same with Engles
4）.引导让步状语从句表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他.
Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.
Child as he is , he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy it .
Try as she might , she failed.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
Hard as he tried, he didn’t succeed.
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
5）so＋adj /adv放在句首:
So afraid was he in the darkness that he didn’t dare to move an itch.
So loudly did he speak that every could hear him.
6). 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should , were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒转装
If it hadn’t been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.＝Hadn’t it been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
If there should be a flood, what would we do? ＝Should there be a flood, what would we do?
7). 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then , many a time , every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装：
Many a time has he come to comfort me.
Often did he warn themnot to do so.
8). 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序：
May you succeed .祝你成功！
Long live the Communist Party of China! 共产党万岁！

倒装2
英语句子的正常语序(Normal Order)是主语放在谓语动词前。如果句子的谓语动词位于主语之前，这种语序被称作倒装语序(Inverted Order)。倒装语序有全部倒装和部分倒装两种。一般说来，英语中有两种情况需要使用倒装句：一种是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，另一种是由于修辞需要而进行的倒装。
1)语法倒装
①疑问句中的倒装。例：
Is it necessary to keep the brushes in water?
How can we find out who are using these computers?
②在there be (或there十其他表示状态的动词) 结构中的倒装．例：
There are a lot of people in the room．
There stands a weather station at the top of the hill．
③在以here，there，now，then等引起的句子中，动词是be，come，go等
时，常用倒装形式以引起注意。例：
There goes the bell！
Now comes your turn．
如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。例：
Here we are．
④在so，nor，neither开头的句子中，须用倒装语序。例：
All animals need air and so do plants．
If you won’t go，neither shall I.
2)修辞倒装
①具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，担任状语时，要用倒装。常见的 词有：never，seldom，1ittle，hardly，not until等。另外，含有否定意义的关联词neither… (nor)，no sooner…(than)，hardly…when，not only…(but also)等位于句首时也须用倒装。例：
Never have I dreamed of it．
Not Until midnight did it stop raining．
Hardly had he arrived when he started complaining．
Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quite, beautiful place．
②as引导的让步状语从句中，要用倒装语序。例：
Old as he was, he studied English hard.
Brave as they were , the danger made them afraid．
注：though引导的让步状语从句中，也可用倒装语序。
③为了生动地描写动作，在in，out，away，up，down，off等副词开头的 句子中常用倒装语序。例：
Up went the rocket into the air.
Following a roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
在此结构中，当主语是代词时，用正常语序。例：
Away they went. / Down it flew.
④当“only +状语”用于句首表示强调时，要用倒装语序，如果不在句首，则用正常语序。例：
Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there.
Only when we had a talk with him did we come to know that he was a Japanese .
○ 当“ so (such) ... that" 结构中的so, such 放在句首加强语气时，要用倒装。
例：
So excited was he ( = He was so excited ) that he couldn't speak.
Such was the force of the explosion(爆炸) that all the windows were
broken .

以下为近几年涉及到“倒装”的高考题。
1.___ can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
（NMET2000 春招）
2. Not a single song ____ at yesterday's party.
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing
(2000 上海)
3. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life____ so happy.
A. did I feel B.I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
(NMET2000 春招)
4. —David has made great progress recently.
—____, and ____.
A. So he has... so you have B. So he has... so have you
C. So has he... so have you D. So has he... so you have
(1997 上海)
5. Not until all the fish died in the river, ____ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize
(NMET1995)
（Key: 1----5 CCDBA）
自我检测：
1.Not until all the fish died in the river＿ how serious the pollution was.
A did the villages realize B the villages realized
C the villages did realize D didn’t the villages realize
2. So＿ that no fish can live in it.
A the lake is shallow B shallow the lake is
C shallow is the lake D is the lake shallow
3.Little ＿about his safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A does he care B did he care
C he cares D he cared
4. ＿for the free tickets, I wouldn’t have gone to the films so often.
A If it is not B Were it not
C Had it not been D If they were not
5 David has made great progress recently.
＿, and＿.
A So he has , so you have B so he has , so you have
C So has he , so have you so has he , so you have
6.Look, ＿
A Here the bus comes B here is the bus coming
C Here comes the bus D here the bus is coming
7.Where is Kate?
Look , ＿She is at the school gate.
A There she is  B there is she
C Here you are D here it is
8.Which of the following sentences is right?
A In the teacher come. B In did come the teacher.
C In did the teacher come. D In came the teacher.
9. ＿he doesn’t get annoyed with her sometimes.
A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her
C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her
10 Never ＿such a good film before.
A did I see B have I see
C I saw D I have seen
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. B