浅析分词热点考题及对应策略.doc

浅析分词热点考题及对应策略
请看此题，
The storm left，______ a lot of damage to this area．
A．caused B．to have caused
C．to cause D．having caused
本题考查的是现在分词作结果状语。该题意为：暴风雨过后，给这一地区造成了巨大的损失。本句的谓语动词1eft为过去式，意指在暴风雨停止之前已造成巨大损失，表示cause这一动作发生在1eave之前，故此选D项。
顺便在这里说说分词的用法和常考点。分词主要起着形容词与副词的作用，高考侧重考查状语功能、定语功能、宾语补足语功能和独立主格结构的有关用法。
一、分词的状语功能
1．The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_______ that he had enjoyed his stay here．
A．having added B．to add C．adding D．added
2．European football is played in 80 countries _______ it the most popular sport in the world．
A．making B．makes C．made D．to make
解析1：C。这里“补充”为伴随性动作，也是一个主动性动作，应用现在分词作伴随状语。
解析2：A。该句表示：欧式足球运动在八十个国家开展的结果是，它使欧式足球成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。显然应用现在分词作结果状语。
小结：分词可作时间、条件、结果、原因、伴随等状语，现在分词作状语，表示主动或进行的动作，过去分词状语表示被动或完成的动作，此时分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，应注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
二、分词的定语功能
3．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa．
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．had been invited
4．The computer center，_______ last year，is very popular among the students in this school．
A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened
解析3：A。客人是已被邀请参加晚会的，所以应用过去分词作定语，表示完成了的动作和主谓之间的被动语态关系。
解析4：D。电脑中心是去年(被)开张的，既是完成又是被动的动作，应用过去分词作定语。
小结：现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作或主动的动作，过去分词作定语
表示完成了的或被动动作，此时可换成相应的定语从句。
三、分词的宾语补足语功能
5．Soon they could see steam _______ from the wet clothes．
A．rise B．rising C．risen D．be rising
6．They knew her very well．They had seen her_______ up from childhood．
A．grow B．grew C．was growing D．to grow
解析5：B。该空表示水蒸气正从衣服上升起，应用现在分词作补足语，表示动作正在进行。
解析6：A。该句强调她已长大成人，而不强调她正在成长，应用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。特别提醒：不定式作宾补的意义不同于作其他成分，表示完成或将要做的动作。
小结：分词常作宾语补足语，其中现在分词表示正在进行的或主动的动作，过去分词表示完成了或被动的动作。
四、分词的独立主格结构
7．The murderer was brought in，with his hands _______ be hind his back．
A．being B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
8．With his lips still _______，he couldn’t say a word．
A．trembling B．tremble C．to tremble D．to be trembling
解析7：D。凶手的双手一定是被绑在背后，应用过去分词构成的独立主格结构作伴随状语，表示被动动作。
解析8：A。他说不出话的原因是因为他的嘴唇仍在颤抖，应用现在分词的独立主格结构作原因状语，表示动作自主发出并正在进行。
小结：分词的独立性结构就是指带有分词逻辑主语的结构，在句中可作时间、条件、原因、伴随等状语，其逻辑主语前边也可加上介词，其中现在分词仍表示进行的动作或主动的动作，过去分词仍表示完成了或被动的动作。
同步练习
1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, _______ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
3. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
4. Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
5. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
6. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering
C. To suffer D. Suffered
7. The bell ______ the end of the period rang, ______ our heated discussion.
A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting
C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted
8. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered B. Suffering
C. Having suffered D. Being suffered information.
9. He sent me an E-mail, ______ to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
10. The ______ boy was last seen_______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
11. The picture ______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
12. "We can ' t go out in this weather," said Bob, _______ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
13. Don't leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
14. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
15. In the past, this work, __ highly skilled, was usually done by men.
A. considering B. to consider
C. being considered D. considered
16. It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answer ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had
C. Have D. Having
17. "You can' t catch me!" Janet shouted, ________ away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
18. There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.
A. following B. to be followed
C. followed D. being followed
19. ______ the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils' exercises.
A. Sending B. Being sent
C. Sent D. Having sent
20.________ a reply, we decided not to wait any longer.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
21. We expressed our satisfaction with the talk, _______ that we would visit the city again.
A. having added B. adding
C. to add D. added
22. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _________ "Call 68837822".
A. reading B. reads
C. to read D, read
23. _________ from the space, the Great Wall lies in the mountains tike a huge dragon.
A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen
24. I should say sorry to him. I regret to help him that day.
A. refusing B. to refuse C. refused D. refuse
25. When _______, ice changes into water.
A. to heat B. heating C. heated D. they are heated
26. He dived iht0 the water, ________ only his face
A. leaving; exposed B. leaving; exposing
C. left; exposed D. left; exposing
27. ________ many times, but he still couldn' t understand it.
A. Though he had been B. Having been told
C. Having told D. He had been told
28. _______ his address, I couldn't go to see him yesterday.
A. Not known B. Known not
C. Knowing not D. Not knowing
29. Reading this instructive book, ___________.
A. tears came to his eyes B. his eyes were filled with tears
C. he burst into tears D. his eyes were full of tears
30. ________, we had to go home.
A. There was no bus B. We couldn' t find a bus
C. There being no bus D. There no bus
31. _______ to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.
A. Having not been invited B. Not having been invited
C. Having not invited D. Not having invited
32. _______ to the sun, rain and wind for a long time, the stone split.
A. Expose B. Exposed C. Exposing D. To expose
Keys: 1---5 DDBCA 6---10 AACBA
11---15 BABAD 16---20 DBADC
21---25 BABAC 26---30ADDCC
31---32 BB
解题方法提示：
1．选用现在还是过去分词一定要找到与分词相配的主语，再做决定。
2．regret (remember，forget)+doing结构中的分词表示完成了的动作，如果是以上动词+to do结构，则不定式表示没有做的动作。
3．如果句中有but, and连接则不用分词结构，一定是用并列句结构。
4．否定词not置分词前。
5．注意句中的标点符号，分析句子结构后再做选择。