情态动词表猜测.doc

情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下：
　　一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。
　　1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
　　2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
　　二、 “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。
　　1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
　　2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
　　三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。
　　1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
　　2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
　　四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
　　He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
　　五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。
　　—What has happened to George?
　　—I don't know. He may have got lost.
　　—乔治发生了什么事？
　　——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
　　六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
　　1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。
　　2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
　　七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。
　　1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
　　2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
　　八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
　　1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
　　2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
　　九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
　　I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
　　You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
　　十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
　　I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
　　He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车