莎士比亚Sonnet-18-(for-students).ppt

English Literature in English Literature in the Renaissancethe Renaissance1SocialandHistoricalBackground16thcentury:thefoundationofcapitalism,theriseofthebourgeois“Sheepdevouredmen”(ThomasMore)Absolutemonarchy绝对君主制，中央集权君主制:startingfromKingHenryVIII;reachingitssummitduringthereignofQueenElizabeth(reigned1558-1603)TheWarsofRoses(1455-1485):self-destructionofnobility,theriseofthegentryDefeatoftheSpanishInvincibleArmadain1588:thestrengtheningofhegemonyonthehighsea2LiteratureintheRenaissanceHumanist thinking:e.g.ThomasMoresUtopia(1516),FrancisBaconsEssays(1625)Sonnets:ThomasWyattfirstintroducedthesonnetsintoEnglishliterature;HenryHoward,EarlofSurrey,gavetheformthatcharacterizestheEnglishsonnets.Lyricalpoetry:PhilipSidneysThe Countess of Pembrokes Arcadia(阿卡迪亚);EdmundSpensersThe Fairy Queen(仙后);3Novels:JohnLylysEupheus(“euphuism”,anaffectedstyleofcourtspeech倚丽体),Drama:ChristopherMarlowesThe Tragical History of Doctor Fausus;The Jew of Malta(Marlowemadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama素体诗剧),RobertGreene,WilliamShakespeare4William Shakespeare(1564-1616)5William ShakespearethegreatestofallEnglishauthorsalandmarkinthehistoryofworldcultureandliteratureThefirstfoundersofrealism,amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhumancharactersandrelations6William Shakespeare154sonnets,37plays,and2longnarrativepoems;Fourgreattragedies:Othello,King Lear,Macbeth,andHamlet.Fourgreatcomedies:A Midsummer Nights Dream,The Merchant of Venice,As You Like It,Twelfth Night7SonnetSonnet十四行诗，商籁体十四行诗，商籁体Sonnet:afourteen-linepoemusuallyiniambicpentameterwithaspecificrhymescheme.8Sonnet 18ShakespeareansonnetisalsocalledtheEnglishsonnet,withthreefour-linestanzas(quatrains)andatwo-lineunitcalledacouplet(对子).Therhymeschemeisasfollows:Firststanza(quatrain):ABAB;Secondstanza(quatrain):CDCD;Thirdstanza(quatrain):EFEF;Couplet:GG.9IambicPentameteriambus:ametricalfootconsistingofanunstressedsyllable(-)followedbyastressedsyllable(),e.g.:begin(-).Apentametermeansalineofverseconsistingoffivemetricalfeet.Afootis(usually)twoorthreesyllablesthatcontainonestrongstress.10RhymeSchemeofSonnet18Quatrain 1AShallIcomparetheetoasummersDAY?BThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperATE:ARoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMAY,BAndsummersleasehathalltooshortaDATE:Quatrain 2CSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenSHINES,.DAndoftenishisgoldcomplexionDIMMD;.CAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeCLINES,DBychanceornatureschangingcourseunTRIMMD;.Quatrain 3 EButthyeternalsummershallnotFADE,FNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouOWEST;.ENorshallDeathbragthouwanderstinhisSHADE,FWhenineternallinestotimethouGROWEST:.CoupletGSolongasmencanbreatheoreyescanSEE,GSolonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetoTHEE.11Quatrain 1ShallIcomparetheetoasummersday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummersleasehathalltooshortadate:我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：Extravagantpraisecomparesasummerdayaslesslovelyandconstantasthebeloved.IfIcomparedyoutoasummerday,/Idhavetosayyouaremorebeautifulandserene:/Bycomparison,summerisroughonbuddinglife,/Anddoesntlastlongeither:12Quatrain 2Thesunissometimestoohotinsummeroroccasionallyshaded.Everybeautifulthingbecomeslessbeautifulthroughchanceortime.Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornatureschangingcourseuntrimmed:天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。Attimesthesummersunistoohot,/Andatothertimescloudsdimitsbrilliance;/Everythingfairinnaturebecomeslessfairfromtimetotime,/Bychance,orbecauseoftheroughhandofnature13Quatrain 3Transitioninthesestettocounterthatthebelovedsbeautywillnotfadeordiebecauseofthepoem.Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouowst,Norshalldeathbragthouwanderstinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowst,但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。However,you yourself will not fade,/Nor lose ownership of your fairness;/Not even death will claim you,/Because these lines I write will immortalize you:14Sonnet 18Couplet:Thepoemwillbereadaslongasmanlivesandthebelovedwillliveon.Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。Yourbeautywilllastaslongasmenbreatheandsee,/AsLongasthissonnetlivesandgivesyoulife15LiteraryDevicesinSonnet18Rhetorical questioning:the1stline,usedtocreateatoneofrespect,andtoengagetheaudience.Personification:line5,6andline11,usedtoelevatethesunanddeath.Parallelism:thefinalcouplet,usedtoemphasizethemessage:thebeautyofthesubjectwillbeimmortalizedbythepowerofhisart16