汉译英旅游宣传资料翻译.pptx

篇章翻译（四）旅游宣传资料翻译Translation of Publicity Materials of Tourism 生动形象，类似文学作品语言生动形象，类似文学作品语言这些从绝崖顶部飞泻而下，从茂密的林间穿越直泻，如珠帘垂空，如玉帛迎风，如天女散花。Some waterfalls cascade down from steep precipices and rolls ahead rapidly through dense forests;others look like curtains with a lot of sparkling pearls;some are like jade ribbons in the wind;others look as if a goddess is giving off flowers.翻译中应注意语言差异意义语境和引申(Contextual and Extended Meaning)文字重复和简练(Repetition and Succinctness)主语省略和增添(Subjectlessness and the Subject)语态被动和主动(Passive and Active Voices)句子意合与形合(Parataxis and Hypotaxis)结构分割与合并(Structural Dividing and Joining)翻译中应注意文化差异价值观念的差异思维方式的差异审美情趣的差异目的论(Skopostheory)翻译“目的论”是由德国功能派学者Vermeer 和Christiane Nord 提出来的。”目的论”的核心是“目的决定手段”(the translation purpose justifies the translation process.“the end justifies the means”目的论是旅游翻译的指导性理论。旅游宣传资料的目的是传播中国文化，吸引游客，让外国人看懂、听懂、读懂。翻译原则“以中国文化为取向；以译文为重点。”（张宁）所谓以中国文化为取向，就是尽量保留中国文化信息，尽量多地宣传中国文化，因为了解中国文化是外国旅游者的重要目的，而翻译的主要目的就是促进文化交流。所谓以译文为重点，即指翻译旅游资料时，既要忠实于原文又不拘泥于原文。要从译文读者的角度出发，对信息进行适当调整，让他们好读好懂。旅游翻译的方法（旅游翻译的方法（I）直直译译音译音译直译加意译直译加意译意译意译旅游景点名称的翻译 旅游景点名称均有“专名”以及“通名”，换句话说,景点名称都和人的名字一样“有名有姓”。“太和殿”的“殿”、“广德楼”的“楼”、“永定桥”的“桥”，都是用来区分这类景点以及其他类景点的标志，“殿”、“楼”、“桥”就是这些景点的“姓”。而“名”“专名”就是则是用来区分具体某一事物与同一类其他事物的标志。比如：“太和殿”、“中和殿”、“保和殿”，中“太和”、“中和”、“保和”就是区分这三个建筑物之间的标志。音译 1.太和殿-Taihedian 2.中和殿-Zhonghedian 3.保和殿-Baohedian 4.乾清宫-Qianqinggong 5.交泰殿-Jiaotaidian 6.坤宁宫-Kunninggong 7.三潭印月-Santanyinyue 8.鹰嘴岩-Yingzuiyan 音意双译：专名音译，通名意译 1.太和殿-Taihedian Hall 2.中和殿-Zhonghedian Hall 3.保和殿-Baohedian Hall 4.乾清宫-Qianqinggong Palace 5.交泰殿-Jiaotaidian Hall 6.坤宁宫-Kunninggong Palace 7.鹰嘴岩-Yingzuiyan Cliff意译：1.太和殿 The Hall of Grand Harmony 2.保和殿 The Hall of Guaranteed Harmony 3.文华殿 Hall of Literary Glory 4.三潭印月:（保留原文形象及内涵）Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 5.紫来洞：（保留原文文化、历史内涵)Purple Source Cave 6.寒山寺：Cold Mountain Temple 7.鹰嘴岩:（保留原文形象）Eagle Beak Cliff 8.拙政园：Garden of Humble Administrator 9.狮子林：Lions Grove音译和意译结合：大观园:1.Daguanyuan(Grand View Garden)2.Daguanyuan or Grand View Garden 潇湘馆：Xiaoxiangguan(Bamboo Lodge)怡红院:Yihongyuan(Happy Red Court)蘅芜苑:Hengwuyuan(Alpinia Park)稻香村:Daoxiangcun(Paddy-Sweet Cottage)大观楼:Daguanlou(Grand View Pavilion)缀锦阁:Zhuijinge(Variegated Splendor Tower)含芳阁:Hanfangge(Fragrant Tower)蓼风轩:Liaofengxuan(Smartweed Breeze Cot)藕香榭:Ouxiangxie (Lotus Fragrance Anchorage)紫菱洲:Zilingzhou(Purple Caltrop Isle)旅游景点名称翻译的统一不统一的现象严重：太湖：Tai Lake;Taihu Lake 黄山：Huangshan Mountain;Huang Mountain 豫园：Yu Garden;Yu Yuan Garden 统一的办法：1.旅游点名称如属汉语“单名”，为了照顾音节和外国人的习惯读法，最好把名字后面的“湖”、“山”、“园”等同时音译出来。2.如果旅游点名称是“双名”，则不必音译后面的词。洞庭湖：Dongting Lake 雁荡山：Yandang Moutain 寄畅园：Jichang Garden 旅游翻译的方法（旅游翻译的方法（II）增增译译删译删译转译转译改写改写增译（包括“解释”）翻译旅游资料要求有针对性，是向外国游客介绍中国的风景名胜。其中有许多民族传统文化色彩浓厚的东西，在中国妇孺皆知。但译成英文时要增添理解原文内容所必需的背景知识，如：历史事件发生的年代，名人的生卒年代，他们的身份及其在历史上的贡献，名胜的具体位置等等以帮助外国游客更好地理解。秦始皇Qin Shihuang,the first emperor in Chinese history who unified China in 221 B.C.林则徐Lin Zexu,government official of the Qing Dynasty(16361911)and the key figure in the Opium War西域The western Regions(a Han Dynasty term for the area west of Yumenguan Pass,including what is now XInjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and parts of Central Asia)例如：在西安的六十四米高的大雁塔是玄奘西游印度回国后的居留之地。The 64-meter-high Dayan Pagoda in Xian is the place where Xuan Zang,a great monk in the Tang Dynasty,once lived after returning from India.解释解释是指增加的部分是对字、词、句的字面意思的解释。例如：花港观鱼：Hua Gang Guan Yu(Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor)孤山:Gushan(Solitary Hill)三官店里有一株茶花树，在寒冬腊月开出一束鲜花，摧残如棉，因此又名“耐冬”。“There is a camellia tree in the Sanguan Palace bloomingfully in midwinter,so it is called Naidong,meaning it can stand bitterly cold winters.”（译者根据原文的字面意思，在句末增加了一个非限定性定语从句，对“耐冬”做了进一步解释）湖南省位于长江中下游南部，东经108度至114度，北纬24至30度。因地处洞庭湖之南，所以叫做湖南。Huan Province lies just south of the middle reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River between 108 and 114 E longitude and 24 and 30 N latitude.As it is also situated south of Lake Dongting,the Province has the name Hunan,which means“south of the lake”.删减 对旅游资料中有关中国传统文化特有的产物，若直接按字面译成英语，对理解原文没有任何帮助，甚至外国游客根本就看不懂，应当适当删改在我国最早的典籍中，即有关这条河的记载。尚书禹贡：“漆沮既从，沣水攸同”，诗经大雅：“沣水东注，维禹之绩”，说明沣水在远古就是一条著名的河流。Records about the river can be found even in the earliest Chinese classics,which proves that the Feng River has been well known since ancient times“烟水苍茫月色迷，渔舟晚泊栈桥西。乘凉每至黄昏后，人依栏杆水拍堤。这是古人赞美青岛的诗句。青岛市一座风光秀丽的海滨城市，夏无酷暑，冬无严寒。西起胶州湾入海处的团岛，东至崂山风景区的下清宫，绵延80多华里的海滨组成了一幅绚烂多彩的长轴画卷。”Qingdao is a beautiful coastal city.It is not hot in summer and not cold in winter.The 20-km-long scenic line begins from Tuan Island at the west end to Xiaqing Gong of Mount Lao at the east end.转译（类比、借用）把中文资料中有关的内容转化为外国游客熟悉的同类的内容。“借用手法指借典译典，借译语表达式和形象来翻译源语有特定文化含义的表达式和形象，以求等效”（何自然等，2004）。有的学者称这种方法为cultural substitution(文化替换)。如将济公比作罗宾汉，将梁山伯与祝英台比作罗密欧与朱丽叶，将苏州比作意大利的威尼斯。这样可以简洁而较为准确的介绍任务或景点，使译文读者在自己的文化基础上理解异国文化情调，加强文化的交流与理解。改写（1）对原文句子结构的改写 由于思维方式不同，中国人和西方人写作时的推理方法也不同。西方人是直线思维，多采用演绎推理；而中国人是螺旋式思维，多采用归纳推理。在展开一个话题时，汉语往往迂回曲折，先分说，再总括，多用掉尾句；而英语则开门见山，先总括，再分说，多用松散句。翻译时有必要对原文的结构加以调整，使其与西方读者或游客的习惯相吻合 在四川西部，有一处美妙的去处。它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟语婉转，流水潺潺。这就是松潘县的黄龙。One of Sichuans finest scenic spots is Huanglong(Yellow Dragon),which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao,the main peak of the Minshan Mountain.Its lush green forests,filled with fragrant flowers,bubbling streams,and songbirds,are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.（2）对原文诗词的改写）对原文诗词的改写诗词的翻译比较困难，改写可以算作一种补救措施。水映山容，使山容益添秀媚，山清水秀，使水能更显柔情，有诗云：岸上湖中各自奇，山觞水酌两相宜。只言游舫浑如画，身在画中原不知。The hills overshadow the lake,and the lake reflects the hills.They are in perfect harmony,and more beautiful than a picture.（3）对原文行文风格的改写（避虚就实）对原文行文风格的改写（避虚就实）汉语和英语在行文风格和修辞上存在较大的差异。汉语旅游资料中有许多华丽辞藻悬、四字词组只是为了音韵的和谐和渲染气氛，并无多大实际意义，翻译时应该调整措辞，将这些虚华之词用明白晓畅的语言重新表述，使译文通达流畅，符合英文的表达习惯，增强译文的可读性，也更利于外国游客和读者的理解和接受。旅游翻译首先应该以旅游者为导向（tourist-oriented）,让他们听懂、看懂、读懂。如果遇到非常主观性的描述语言，如“重峦叠嶂”、“广袤无垠”、“分外妖娆”、“美不胜收”、“争奇斗艳”、“千姿百态”等等，可以简单概括一下。这就是改写。她（黄河）奔腾不息，勇往直前，忽而惊涛裂岸，势不可挡，使群山动容；忽而安如处子，风平浪静，波光潋滟，气象万千。It tears and boils along turbulently through the mountains and at some places,flows on quietly with a sedate appearance and glistening ripples.语言功能（Peter Newmark)1信息功能(informative function)2表情功能(expressive function)3祈使功能(vocative function)4美感功能(aesthetic function)5酬应功能(phatic function)6元语言功能(metalingual function)中国旅游文化的方方面面山水文化聚落文化园林文化建筑文化宗教文化民族文化民俗文化饮食文化诗词文赋文化书画雕塑文化戏曲舞蹈文化工艺美术文化花鸟虫鱼文化 语篇处理：1）大处着眼，了解其内容，特别是语言在语境中的意义。2）以句子为基本单位，采用各种翻译技巧。3）从语篇角度出发，实现意义和文体的最近似、最自然的复制。Part II.Exercise:丝丝 绸绸 之之 路路1.欢迎各位参加“丝绸之路游”，为期两周的游览将成为您一生中最难忘的经历之一。Welcome to our Silk Road Tour.This two-week tour/trip/excursion will(may)turn out to be one of the most unforgettable(memorable)experiences in your life.2.丝绸之路的历史可以追溯到公元前2世纪，当时一名中国官员、朝廷使者张骞沿着这条连接亚欧两大洲的贸易通道出使西域。The Silk Road can be traced back to(traces back to/dates back to)the second century B.C.,when Zhang Qian,a Chinese official and imperial envoy,went on business to Xiyu(the Western Region)along this trade route that linked(joined/connected)connectingAsia and Europe.3.这条通道源于长安城（今天的西安），一路穿越陕西省、甘肃省境内的河西走廊、新疆塔里木盆地、帕米尔山区、阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克以及叙利亚，最后抵达地中海的东岸，全程七千公里，其中有四千多公里的路段在中国境内。The route began at Changan City(the present Xian),passed Shanxi province,the Hexi Corridor in(of)Gansu Province,the Tarim Basin and the Pamir mountains in Xinjiang Autonomous Region,as well as such foreign countries as Afghanistan,Iran,Iraq and Syria,and finally(it)reached(ended at)the eastern coast(shores)of the Mediterranean.Of the routes 7,000 kilometers,over(more than)4,000 were within Chinese territory.It was 7,000 kilometers with more than 4,000 in China.(用foreign countries进行概括)4.15世纪前的一千多年里，中国通过这条通道给西域各国带去了丝绸织物、火药、造纸术和印刷术。For the more than 1,000 years before the 15th century,through(along,via)this route Chinese brought(dispatched/delivered/sent)to the West(to Western countries)their silk cloth(fabrics),gunpowder,paper-making technique,and printing technique.5.同时，这条通道给我们引进了佛教，伊斯兰教，以及葡萄、核桃、石榴、黄瓜、玻璃、香水等产品。Meanwhile,through this route,we Chinese introduced from foreign countries Buddhism and Islam as well as such products as grapes,walnuts,pomegranates,cucumbers,glass and perfume.6.因为中国丝绸是沿着这条道进入西方国家的，所有欧洲学者将此道称作“丝绸之路”。Since(As,Because)Chinas silk(the Chinese Silk)reached Western countries along this route(followed this road to enter the West),European scholars call(called)it the Silk Road.7.丝绸之路沿途的大批历史文物、引人入胜的自然风景以及富有情趣的地方文化，使这一长途远游成了世界上最精彩的旅游项目之一。The Silk Road is abundant(rich)in historical relics,attractive(enchanting)scenery(landscape)and varied local cultures,which make this long trip(journey)one of the worlds most interesting tour programs.8.在丝绸之路的中国段，沿线散居着许多少数民族，他们对来自世界各地的游客都以礼相待，热情好客。Along the Chinese section of the route live(reside)many Chinese ethnic minorities(minority nationalities),who are polite and hospitable to visitors from other parts of the world.9.这里的食物和工艺品不同于中国中部的食物和工艺品。这里的民间传说，如同天方夜谭一般神奇，听来别有一番情趣。The food and crafts(handcrafts)here differ from those in the central part of China(in central China).The legends(folk legends/folklore)here are as mysterious(miraculous)and fascinating as the stories/tales from the Arabian Nights.10.我社安排的“丝绸之路游”，始于西安古城，止于新疆首府乌鲁木齐，期间我们还要游览兰州、敦煌以及吐鲁番。The Silk Road organized by this travel agency starts at the ancient city of Xian and finishes at Urumqi,capital of Xinjiang.Along the way,we are going to visit Lanzhou City,Dunhuang for its murals and Turpan Basin.11.沿线您可以领略自然景观的魅力，欣赏古代艺术家高超的工艺，品尝地方风味小吃，结识当地居民。En route(Along the route)you will see the charms of the natural scenery,appreciate the fine(excellent)workmanship of ancient artists,taste(savor)the local food(delicacies),and meet(become acquainted with)the local people.12.这次游览一定会给您留下可与家人朋友共享的美好回忆。The tour is sure to leave you wonderful memories which you can share with your family and friends.Exercise.Please translate the following into English.乐山是一座拥有独特旅游资源的城市，以世界文化和自然遗产峨眉山和乐山大佛为中心，还有4处国家级文化遗址、2处国家级风景名胜、1 处国家级自然保护区以及15处省级风景区和森林公园。Leshan is a city featuring with unique tourist resources.With Mt.Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha the worlds cultural and natural heritage as the core,located are 4 state-level cultural relics sites,2 state-level scenic attractions,1 state-level natural protection zone and 15 other provincial-level scenic spots and forest parks.旅游项目丰富多彩，如观佛拜佛、旅游探险、民风民俗以及保护生态为宗旨的旅游活动。乐山大佛峨眉山成了环状旅游线路的中心。2001年1月乐山被评为“中国优秀旅游城市”。The tourist programs are diversified with full ranges such as Buddhist temple and Buddha worshiping,exploration,folk custom,and ecology orientation.Leshan Giant Buddha-Mt.Emei becomes the center of a circle of tourist routings.In Jan.2001,Leshan was honoured“Top Tourist City in China”.旅游经济得到持续发展。2000年的旅游收入达217，700万元乐山还被列为“全国44个重点旅游城市”之一，名列全国A级旅游景点。The tourist economy has increased steadily.The year of 2000 saw a tourism income of 2.177 billion yuan.Leshan is also listed as one of“the 44 key tourist cities of the country”and ranked among the Class A tourist spots in the countrywide.Thank you!