Since和for的用法及区别.doc

Since 和 for 的用法及区别：

一，since 的四种用法

1，since + 过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago. 1990 , last month , half past six
I have been here since 1990. 1990起，我一直在这儿。

2，since+ 一段时间+ago
I have been here since five months ago。自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。

3，since+从句Great
Changes have taken place since you left. 自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。

4，It is +一段时间+since从句
It is two years since I became an English teacher. 我成为英语老师有两年了。

二，Since 和for区别
1，Since +时间点，具体时间

“自从、、、、以来，从、、、以后” 用来说明动作起始时间

I have been in Beijing since 2010.

2，For + 时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。

I have been in Beijing for one year。
We have learnt English for about three years.

I have been here for 3 days. (对)

I have arrived here for 3 days.（误）

三，延续性动词和终止 性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词
表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：
learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep,
live, stay等。

终止性动词
也称 非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
如
open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
四、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等

I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如：It raind at eight yesterday morning . （误）
rain为 延 续 性 动 词 ，而 at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词性动词来表示一瞬间的动作，可借助come begin get等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)
又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.

五、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.终 止 性 动 词表 示 的 动 作 极 其 短 暂 ， 不 能 持 续。因此，不 可 与 表 示 一 段 时 间 的 状 语用
(只限肯定式)。
如：
（1)他死了三年了。
误：
He has died for three years.
正：
He has been dead for three years.
正：
He died three years ago.
正：
It is three years since he died.
正：
Three years has passed since he died.
(2)
他来这儿五天了。
误：
He has come here for five days.
正：
He has been here for five days.
正：
He came here five days ago.
正：
It is five days since he came here.
正：
Five days has passed since he came here.

句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方
式。
下面列举几例：
leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be
on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a
member
of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have
a cold
。

　练习：用since和for填空
　　1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
　　4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
　　7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children
　　10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
　　1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
　　2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
　　3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
　　4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
　　5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
　　2.短暂性转换延续性
　　①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
　　→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
　　1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
　　He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
　　2) I moved to the USA last year.
　　I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
　　3) I went home yesterday.
　　I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
　　4) They came here last week.
　　They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
　　②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
　　1) He came out two years ago.
　　He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
　　2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
　　We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
　　③become → be
　　1) I became a teacher in 2000.
　　I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
　　2) The river became dirty last year.
　　The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
　　④close → be closed open → be open
　　1) The shop closed two hours ago.
　　The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
　　2) The door opened at six in the morning.
　　The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
　　⑤get up → be up die → be dead
　　leave sw. → be away from sw.
　　fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
　　finish/end → be over marry → be married
　　1) I got up two hours ago.
　　I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
　　2) He left Fuzhou just now.
　　He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
　　3) My grandpa died in 2002.
　　My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
　　4) The meeting finished at six.
　　The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
　　5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
　　I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
　　6) They married in 1990.
　　They ________ _________ __________since _________.
　　⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
　　1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
　　I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
　　2) The film began two minutes ago.
　　The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear
　　catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
　　1) They borrowed it last week.
　　They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
　　2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
　　I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
　　3) I got to know him last year.
　　I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
　　4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
　　I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
　　⑧have/has gone to → have been in
　　1) He has gone to Beijing.
　　He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
　　⑨join the league/the Party/the army
　　→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
　　→ be a member of the league/the Party
　　→ be in the league/the Party/the army
　　1) He joined the league in 2002.
　　He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
　　He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
　　He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
　　2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
　　My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
　　My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
　　3.汉译英
　　1）这本字典我已买了三年了。
　　2）他离开中国三年了。
　　3）我认识他们五年了。
　　4）他们已去了美国五年了。
　　5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。
　　6）他们已经结婚10年。
　　7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
　　8）这会已开了多长时间了？
　　9）这门已经关了两天了。
　　10）我入团2年了。
　　I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
　　I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
　　I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
　　I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
　　11）自从1999年以来他们就认识。
　　12）我来到农场已5年了。
　　4.划线提问
　　1) I have been there for two days.
　　__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
　　2) My father has lived here since 2000.
　　_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
　　3) He left here yesterday.
　　_________ ________ he _________ __________?
　　4) They bought a book two hours ago.
　　__________ ___________ they __________ a book