中考-代词讲解.docx

考点一：人称代词

用法口诀：  
人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说；
主格定把主语作，宾格作宾不会错。
1、“ I(我)” 不论在什么地方都要大写。   
I study English every day.
2、“she”常常代替国家, 城市, 宠物等,表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。

I live in China。 She is a great country.
3、“it”  有时也可指人。(敲门,打电话) 
It's me. Open the door, please.
4、人称代词并用时,单数为第二人称,第三人称,第一人称;复数为第一人称,第二人称,第三人称;
you , he and I       help us, you and them
5、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后多用宾格.
---Have more wine?   ---Not me
--- I like English.  ---Me too.

考点二：物主代词

用法口诀：
物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。
形容词性作定语，后面定把名词用。
名词性、独立用，主宾表语它都充。

考点三：反身代词

用法口诀：
反身代词表自身，句中可作两成分：
表示强调同位语，宾语动作回自身。
常见搭配：
enjoy oneself, help oneself to, teach oneself, by oneself,
for oneself, make oneself at home, lose oneself in…
1._____ teaches us English.( She, Her)  [She]
2. Please look after____ .(him, he)  [him]
3. ______teacher is a young man.( Our, Ours)  [Our]
4. That isn’t my bike. It’s _____(her, hers).  [hers]
5. We______will build the factory. ( ourselves, us )  [ourselves]
6.He teaches ______  English. ( himself, his )  [himself]

————练习题：
1.My pen is broken. May I use______?
A. you     B. yours     C. yourself    D. your
2.---Are these____ coats?
---No, they aren’t. ____ are here.
A. your, Ours   B. your, We  C. you, Ours   D. you, Our
3.Don’t lose____ in computer games, boys.
A. yourself   B. yourselves   C. himself    D. themselves
4.Where’s your mother? I can’t find ____ anywhere.
she   B. her    C. he    D. him
5.Mike’s words are different from____. We really
can’t agree with_____.
A. ours, him   B. ours, he’s  C. us, him   D. us, his
6.I saw___playing in the street at that time.
A. them B. they C. their D. theirs
7The pen is hers. Pass it to____, please.
A. her B. she C. hers D. herself
8.We ____ at the party last Sunday.
A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves
C. enjoy myself D. enjoyed themselves
9.Let Tony do it by____. He is no longer a kid
A. him B. his C. himself D. he
10.Our room is big, but____ is bigger than____.
A. their; our B. their; ours
C. theirs; ours D. theirs; our
11. Only____know it.
A. I and he B. he and you C. he and I D. I and you
12. "Make____at home." he said to his friends.
A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. yours
13.Could you help___with___English?
A. I, my   B. me, me  C. me, my   D. my, I
14.We can’t leave my grandparents by____.
A. they   B. them   C. themselves   D. their
15. Mary, please show____ your picture.
A. my   B. mine   C. I   D, me

————练习题答案:（温馨提示：一定要做完以后看看答案哦！）
1-5   BABBA
6-10   AABCC
11-15  CBCCD

考点四：指示代词

1.it, one, that 作代词的区别
①it指上文提到过的事物。
②?one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个。
③that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复.
(1)I have many books. Which___ do you like?   [one]
(2)The book is mine. ____ is very interesting.  [It]
(3)The weather in Beijing is much colder than____  in Hainan.  [that]
2.it 的几种特殊用法
①有时用来代替小孩和婴儿。
Who’s this boy in the picture? It’s me.
②不知姓名或是谁时。
Who is it at the door? It’s Jim.
③作形式宾语或形式主语时
It’s easy to climb the hill.
I found it interesting to learn English.

————练习题：
1. -Look, who is coming?
-___ must be our English teacher.
A. She  B. He  C. It  D. This 
2. I found ___ not easy to get on with him.
A. that  B. it  C. this   D. one
3. The population of China is much larger than ____ 
  of China.
A. it   B. that   C. one   D. this
4. I found ____ important to read English 
in the morning.
A. it     B. that    C. which    D. its
5. I have some apples here. You can have____.
A. one  B. it   C. that   D. those
6. ____ trees are planted last year.
A. This   B. There  C. Those  D. That

————练习题答案：（温馨提示：一定要做完以后看看答案哦！）
1-6  CBBAAC

考点五：不定代词

1. many, much的区别
①He doesn’t have   time to finish his work.( many, much)  [much]
②  are reading books. ( many, much)   [Many]

2. a number of , the number of的区别
a number of +名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
the number of +名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
①The number of  the students in our class is 54.
②_A number of students are planting trees.
③A number of workers in that factory are women workers.
④The number of the teachers in our school is very large.

3. few, a few, little, a little的区别
①There are  minutes left. Hurry up.( few, a few)    [few]
②Don’t worry. I have  money here.( little, a little)   [a little]

4. some, any 的区别
some一般用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。
①I have some books, but I don’t have any pens.
②There is not any meat in my bowl. There is some chicken in it.
提示板：some有时也可用于疑问句中，表示劝告，请求或建议。
       any 用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”
①Would you like some tea?
②May I ask you some questions?
③You can borrow any of the three books.

5.no one 和none
none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，
no one只单独使用，只指人。
none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可;
no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it.
---- Did any one call me up just now?
---- No one.
----How many boys are in the room?
-----None.

6.anyone 和 any one
anyone仅指人，
any one既可指人，也可指物。+of
Does any one of you know it?

7. every 和each
every: 1) 强调全体的概念；2)指三个以上的人或物(含三个)；3)只作形容词，不可单独使用;        
      4)有反复重复的意思；5)every 与not 连用，表示部分否定
each: 1)强调个体概念；2)指两个以上的人或物 (含两个) ；
     3)可作代词或形容词；4)each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every student in our school works hard.
Each student may have one book.
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
every two weeks
Every man is not honest.
Each man is not honest.

8. both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever.
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever.
Either of the two boys is clever.
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
=There are flowers on either side of the street.
Either way is right.

9.all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。
All the flowers are gone.
I don‘t like any of the flowers.
I like none of the flowers.
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。
All of the students are there.
All (of) the milk is there.

10. it
a.代替事物, 动物: It’s a cat.
b.代替人: It’s me.
c.代替上文的句子: He saved me, I’ll never forget it.
d.代替天气,温度, 时间, 距离:
It’s cold today.    It’s 5:00.
f. 作形式主语,形式宾语;
It’s important to study English well.
I found it difficult to reach there.
g. 用于强调句型.
It’s John that/who wore his new coat.

考点六：复合不定代词

————练习题：
1)I haveimportant to tell you.( something, anything)
2)I don’t know  else about it. ( something, anything)
3)Don’t worry, is OK. ( nothing, everything)
4)---You look so happy!  
---Jack says I am very beautiful. has ever told me that before. (Everybody, Nobody）
5) The bottle is empty. There is in it. (something , nothing )

————练习题答案： （温馨提示：一定要做完以后看看答案哦！）
something  anything   everything  Nobody  nothing 

考点七：疑问代词，连接代词和关系代词

————练习题：
1)_____ ruler is yours, this one or thatone?
    ( What, Which)
2)_____ bag is this?  ( Who, Whose )
3)______ is she? ( Who, Whom)
4) About ____ did they talk just now? (who, whom)
5) Did you understand ____ I said? (what, that)
6）-_____ is that man over there?
----He's Mr Green.
A. What B. Which C. How D. Who
7）----____ is your classmate John like?
-   ---He's very tall.
A. How B. What C. Who D. Which 

————练习题答案：（温馨提示：一定要做完以后看看答案哦！）
Which   Whose   Who   whom   what  D  B

【典题精炼】
1.Though it rained heavily, ____ werestill playing on  
  the playground.
   A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
2 . He thought____a little difficult to work out this

18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。   mathsproblem.
   A. there B. it C. this D. that
3. Sorry I have forgot ____ telephonenumber.
   A. yours B. him C. you D. his

2、昆虫种类繁多，分布很广，它们有着和其他动物不同的身体构造和本领。4-____ is your sister?
-She is a nurse.
   A.What B. Which C. How D. Who
5. ____ one do you like, the blue one orthe red one?
   A.What B. Which C. That D. This 
6. They all lost_____ in the beautiful music.
   A. them  B. themselves   C. their   D. theirs

5、铁生锈变成了铁锈，这是一种化学变化。水分和氧气是使铁生锈的原因。7. Listen to me. I have____ to tellyou.
   A. anything new B. something new 
C. new something D. nothing new
8. -Are these two books interesting?
  -Yes, ____ of them are interesting.
   A. both B. all C. either D. neither
9. -Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?
   -____, thanks. I think I'll just have a glass of water.
   A. None B. Neither C. Both D. Either
10 The film isn't interesting. ___ people like it.
   A. Few  B. A little  C. A few  D. Little
11.---Wow! What a nice computer!

19、阳光、空气、水、土壤、岩石、植物、动物……构成了我们周围的环境。我们人类也是环境中的一部分，我们都生活在一不定的环境之中。人与自然和谐相处，共同发展，是我们共同的责任。  ---My parents bought it for my sister and me.It’s____.

4、科学家研究表明昆虫头上的触角就是它们的“鼻子”，能分辨出各种气味，比人的鼻子灵敏得多。  A.ours   B.hers  C. mine   D. theirs
12. Theold woman kept one black dog and two white _______.

8、铁生锈的原因是什么？人们怎样防止铁生锈？A. one  B. ones  C. those  D. those

答：①可以节约能源；②减少对环境的污染；③降低成本。13.---She is too busy to help us finish thework.

3、你知道哪些化学变化的事例呢？举出几个例子。   ---Let’s do it _____.
A. herself  B. myself   C. ourselves  D. itself

21、人们发现银河系以外还有类似银河系一样庞大的恒星集团，如：仙女座星系、猎犬座星系，目前人类已发现了超过100亿个河外星系。14. Thestudents were all tired, but _______of them stopped to have a rest.

11、月食：当地球转到月球和太阳的中间，太阳、地球、月球大致排成一条直线时，地球就会挡住太阳射向月球的光，这时在地球上的人就只能看到月球的一部分或全部看不到，于是就发生了月食。A. none  B. each    C. either      D. neither
15. There are many trees on ____side of thestreet.
A. either   B. both   C. all     D. every

——练习答案： （温馨提示：一定要做完以后看看答案哦！）
1-5  ABDAB  
6-10  BBABA
11-15  ABCAA