2莎士比亚.pptx

W.ShakespeareW.Shakespeare威廉威廉威廉威廉 莎士比亚莎士比亚莎士比亚莎士比亚dramatist,manoftheatre,andpoetHe was born on 23 April 1564 and died on 23 April 1616.Life StoryHis birthday is traditionally celebrated on 23,April,which is the date of his death.莎士比亚故居莎士比亚故居莎士比亚故居莎士比亚故居wWilliamShakespearewasagreatEnglishplaywright,dramatistandpoetwholivedduringthelatesixteenthandearlyseventeenthcenturies.Shakespeareisconsideredtobethegreatestplaywrightofalltime.Nootherwritersplayshavebeenproducedsomanytimesorreadsowidelyinsomanycountriesashis.w莎士比亚莎士比亚(15641616)英国文艺复兴时英国文艺复兴时期戏剧家和诗人，一生共创作了期戏剧家和诗人，一生共创作了37部戏部戏剧、剧、2部长诗和部长诗和154首十四行诗。首十四行诗。w他的作品是他的作品是人文主义文学人文主义文学的最杰出代表，的最杰出代表，对后代作家的影响颇为深远，在世界文对后代作家的影响颇为深远，在世界文学史上占有极其重要的地位。学史上占有极其重要的地位。wHumanism:AculturalandintellectualmovementoftheRenaissancethatemphasizedsecularconcernsasaresultoftherediscoveryandstudyoftheliterature,art,andcivilizationofancientGreeceandRome.w人文主义人文主义：文艺复兴时期的文化和知识：文艺复兴时期的文化和知识运动，强调对世俗事物的关心，是对古运动，强调对世俗事物的关心，是对古希腊、古罗马的文学、艺术和文明的重希腊、古罗马的文学、艺术和文明的重新发现和研究的结果新发现和研究的结果Shakespeares Representative Plays 4 comedies:A Midsummer Nights DreamThe Merchant of VeniceAs You Like ItTwelfth Night4 tragedies:Hamlet,OthelloMacbeth,King Lear2 historical plays:Henry IVHenry VShakespeares Works,Poems and Features of his Dramao1.Shakespeares plays written between _ are sometimes called“romances”and all end in reconciliation and reunion.oA.1590 and 1594 B.1595 and 1600 oC.1601 and 1607 D.1608 and 1612oDo2.Miranda is a heroine in Shakespeares _.oA.Pericles oB.Cymbeline oC.The Winters Tale oD.The TempestoDo3.Shakespeares narrative poem,Venus and Adonis,is full of vivid images of the _,and aphorisms(格言、警句格言、警句)on life.countrysideo4.In _ appeared Shakespeares Sonnet.Never before Imprinted.（莎士比亚十四行莎士比亚十四行诗诗“迄今从未刊印过迄今从未刊印过”）which contains 154 sonnets.oA.1606 B.1607 oC.1608 D.1609oDo5.Shakespeares sonnets are divided into three groups:Numbers 117,Numbers 18126,and Numbers 127154.oT o6.Shakespeares sonnets are written for variety of virtues.oTo7.Shakespeare is one of the founders of _.oA.romanticism oB.realism oC.naturalism oD.classicismoBo8.Engels said“Realism implies,besides truth in detail,the truthful reproduction of typical characters under typical circumstances.”oTo9.Shakespeares dramatic creation often used the method of _.adaptation(revision)o10.Shakespeares drama becomes a monument of the English _.o11.Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time.oTRenaissanceo12.Shakespeare was a _ for play-writing.o13.Shakespeares one play contains one theme.oF o(contains more than one theme)master-hand(能手能手)o14.To reproduce the real life,Shakespeare often combines the majestic with the funny,the poetic with the prosaic(散文体的散文体的)and tragic with the comic.o To15.Shakespeares _ people represent all the complexities and implications of real life.full-bloodo16.Engels called Shakespeares plays the“Shakespearean vivacity(活泼、快活活泼、快活)and wealth of(大量的大量的)action”.oTo17.Shakespeare was a great _ of the English language.mastero18.Among many poetic forms,Shakespeare was especially at home(good at)with the _.oA.dramatic blank verse oB.song oC.sonnet oD.coupletoAo19.In the plays,Shakespeare used about _words.oA.15000 oB.16000 oC.17000 oD.18000oBo20._has been called the summit of the English Renaissance.oA.Christopher Marlow oB.Francis Bacon oC.W.Shakespeare oD.Ben Johnson oCHamlet哈姆莱特简介哈姆莱特哈姆莱特（The Tragedy of Hamlet,Prince of Denmark）是莎士比亚）是莎士比亚“四大悲剧四大悲剧”中的第一部，也是他的代表作。丹麦王子哈姆中的第一部，也是他的代表作。丹麦王子哈姆莱特的故事早见于莱特的故事早见于12世纪丹麦历史学家世纪丹麦历史学家Saxo Grammaticus 写的写的丹麦史丹麦史，后法、英两，后法、英两国剧作家据此改编成剧本。一般认为莎士比亚的国剧作家据此改编成剧本。一般认为莎士比亚的哈姆莱特哈姆莱特系根据同时代作家基德一部现已失系根据同时代作家基德一部现已失传的传的厄哈姆莱特厄哈姆莱特（UrHamlet）改编而来）改编而来的。改编后的剧本保留了原剧本的主要框架，但的。改编后的剧本保留了原剧本的主要框架，但却被赋予了原剧本所没有的感情深度与艺术魅力。却被赋予了原剧本所没有的感情深度与艺术魅力。o该该剧剧以以中中世世纪纪的的丹丹麦麦宫宫廷廷为为背背景景，通通过过哈哈姆姆莱莱特特为为父父亲亲报报仇仇的的故故事事，真真是是描描绘绘了了文文艺艺复复兴兴晚晚期期英英国国和和欧欧洲洲社社会会的的真真实实面面貌貌，表表现现了了作作者者对对文文艺艺复复兴兴运运动动的的深深刻刻反反思思以以及及对对人人的的命命运运与与前前途途的的深深切切关关注注。莎莎士士比比亚亚在在这这古古老老的的题题材材里里探探讨讨了了人人生生的的意意义义和和价价值值、善善与与恶恶、理理性性与与正正义义等等哲哲学学问问题题，使使作作品品成成为为一一部部具具有哲理性的悲剧。有哲理性的悲剧。o这部剧作描写王子哈姆雷特犹豫徬徨、忧伤这部剧作描写王子哈姆雷特犹豫徬徨、忧伤苦闷的苦闷的复仇复仇过程，真挚纯洁、感伤无奈的过程，真挚纯洁、感伤无奈的爱爱情情，到最后虽然复仇成功但也付出了一切甚，到最后虽然复仇成功但也付出了一切甚至生命的至生命的悲剧悲剧结局。那结局。那夸张夸张华丽的对白和引华丽的对白和引人入胜的情节，使得这部人入胜的情节，使得这部哈姆雷特哈姆雷特(Hamlet)也成为了舞台上经久不衰的演也成为了舞台上经久不衰的演出剧目之一。出剧目之一。o哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亚最著名的是莎士比亚最著名的部悲部悲剧，它突出地反映了作者的人文主义思想。剧，它突出地反映了作者的人文主义思想。莎士比亚说过，他的作品就是莎士比亚说过，他的作品就是“给自然照给自然照一面镜子，给德行看一看自己的面目，给一面镜子，给德行看一看自己的面目，给荒唐看一看自己的姿态，给时代和社会看荒唐看一看自己的姿态，给时代和社会看一看自己的形象和印记一看自己的形象和印记”。哈姆雷特哈姆雷特正是一个时代的缩影。正是一个时代的缩影。HamletHamletTobeornottobe:thatisthequestion.哈姆莱特命题哈姆莱特命题 oTObeornottobe,thatisthequestiono哈姆莱特哈姆莱特剧中年轻的丹麦王子在知道其叔父是自剧中年轻的丹麦王子在知道其叔父是自己的杀父仇人己的杀父仇人,他母亲又在先王尸骨未寒之时改嫁叔他母亲又在先王尸骨未寒之时改嫁叔父后父后,精神几近崩溃精神几近崩溃,整个人生都发生了改变。整个人生都发生了改变。面对天面对天大的仇恨大的仇恨,哈姆莱特犹豫不决哈姆莱特犹豫不决,他不能不报仇他不能不报仇,但又一再但又一再推迟推迟.“生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。是去忍受那狂是去忍受那狂暴的命运无情的摧残暴的命运无情的摧残 还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼，还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼，把它扫一个干净把它扫一个干净?两种心态使他难以割舍其一两种心态使他难以割舍其一.最终最终,他选择了毁灭他选择了毁灭,成就了他的悲剧人生成就了他的悲剧人生.That is a question whether to live on in this world or to die,that is,to take action or to do nothing.oTo be,or not to be-that is the question:oWhether tis nobler in the mind to suffer oThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune oOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,oAnd by opposing end them.To die-to sleep-oNo more;and by a sleep to say we end The heartache,and the thousand natural shocks oThat flesh is heir to.Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wishd.To die-to sleep.oTo sleep-perchance to dream:ay,theres the rub!For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause.Theres the respect That makes calamity of so long life.oFor who would bear the whips and scorns of time,Th oppressors wrong,the proud mans contumely,The pangs of despisd love,the laws delay,The insolence of office,and the spurns That patient merit of th unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin?Who would these fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,oBut that the dread of something after death-The undiscoverd country,from whose bourn No traveller returns-puzzles the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of?oThus conscience does make cowards of us all,And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry And lose the name of action.o生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。究竟哪样更高贵，去忍受那狂暴的命运无究竟哪样更高贵，去忍受那狂暴的命运无情的摧残情的摧残 还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼，还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼，把它扫一个干净。把它扫一个干净。去死，去睡就结束了，如果睡眠能结束我去死，去睡就结束了，如果睡眠能结束我们心灵的创伤和肉体所承受的千百种痛苦，们心灵的创伤和肉体所承受的千百种痛苦，那真是生存求之不得的天大的好事。去死，那真是生存求之不得的天大的好事。去死，去睡，去睡，去睡，也许会做梦！去睡，也许会做梦！o唉，这就麻烦了，即使摆脱了这尘世唉，这就麻烦了，即使摆脱了这尘世 可在这死的睡眠可在这死的睡眠里又会做些什么梦呢？真得想一想，就这点顾虑使人里又会做些什么梦呢？真得想一想，就这点顾虑使人受着终身的折磨，受着终身的折磨，谁甘心忍受那鞭打和嘲弄，受人压迫，受尽侮蔑和轻谁甘心忍受那鞭打和嘲弄，受人压迫，受尽侮蔑和轻视，忍受那失恋的痛苦，法庭的拖延，衙门的横征暴视，忍受那失恋的痛苦，法庭的拖延，衙门的横征暴敛，默默无闻的劳碌却只换来多少凌辱。但他自己只敛，默默无闻的劳碌却只换来多少凌辱。但他自己只要用把尖刀就能解脱了。要用把尖刀就能解脱了。谁也不甘心，呻吟、流汗拖着这残生，可是对死后又谁也不甘心，呻吟、流汗拖着这残生，可是对死后又感觉到恐惧，又从来没有任何人从死亡的国土里回来，感觉到恐惧，又从来没有任何人从死亡的国土里回来，因此动摇了，宁愿忍受着目前的苦难因此动摇了，宁愿忍受着目前的苦难 而不愿投奔向另而不愿投奔向另一种苦难。一种苦难。顾虑就使我们都变成了懦夫，使得那果断的本色蒙上顾虑就使我们都变成了懦夫，使得那果断的本色蒙上了一层思虑的惨白的容颜，本来可以做出伟大的事业，了一层思虑的惨白的容颜，本来可以做出伟大的事业，由于思虑就化为乌有了，丧失了行动的能力。由于思虑就化为乌有了，丧失了行动的能力。Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe.HamletIt is best not to lend money to others and not to borrow from others.When we lend something.We risk losing both the thing we lend and the friendship with that other person.oHamlet is a hero of the _.oHamlets learning,wisdom,noble nature,_ and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the _and the _ centuries.Renaissancelimitation16th 17thRomeo&JulietRomeo,Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyournameWhy must you be the son of my familys greatest enemy?Refuse your family for my love.意大利维罗那小城意大利维罗那小城故事发生在维洛那名城，有两家门第相当的巨族，累世的宿怨激起了新争，鲜血把市民的白手污渎。是命运注定这两家仇敌，生下了一双不幸的恋人，他们的悲惨凄凉的殒灭，和解了他们交恶的尊亲。这一段生生死死的恋爱，还有那两家父母的嫌隙，把一对多情的儿女杀害，演绎成今天这一本戏剧。罗密欧与朱丽叶罗密欧与朱丽叶讲述中国古典爱情悲剧故事，将剧情和结局做比较 梁梁 求婚遭拒求婚遭拒 抑郁而终抑郁而终 两家合葬两家合葬梁山伯与祝英台梁山伯与祝英台：三载同窗共读：三载同窗共读,十八相送，楼台惜别十八相送，楼台惜别 祝祝 被逼嫁人被逼嫁人 撞墓殉情撞墓殉情 化蝶双飞化蝶双飞 焦仲卿与刘兰芝焦仲卿与刘兰芝夫妻恩爱夫妻恩爱 母亲拆散母亲拆散 兄长逼嫁兄长逼嫁 刘举身赴清池刘举身赴清池 焦自挂东南枝焦自挂东南枝 （结局）（结局）两家合葬两家合葬化鸟相鸣化鸟相鸣 安娜安娜卡列琳娜卡列琳娜地狱出口的那扇门地狱出口的那扇门魂断蓝桥魂断蓝桥当爱已成往事当爱已成往事罗易与玛拉的爱情绝唱罗易与玛拉的爱情绝唱在中外历史上，还有没有这样的在中外历史上，还有没有这样的爱情悲爱情悲剧剧？陆游与唐婉陆游与唐婉,钗头凤钗头凤中诉衷情。中诉衷情。Romeo and JulietoTwo of the fairest stars in all the heaven,oHaving some business,do entreat her eyes oTo twinkle in their spheres till they return.oWhat if her eyes were there,they in her head?oThe brightness of her cheek would shame those stars,oas daylight doth a lamp;Her eyes in the heaven would othrough the airy region stream so brightothat birds would sing and think it were not night.JULIET:Tis but thy name that is my enemy.Thou art thyself,though not a Montague.Whats Montague?It is nor hand,nor foot,Nor arm,nor face.O,be some other name Belonging to a man.Whats in a name?That which we call a rose By any other word would smell as sweet.So Romeo would,were he not Romeo called,Retain that dear perfection which he owes Without that title.Romeo,doff thy name;And for thy name,which is no part of thee,Take all myself.ROMEO:I take thee at thy word.Call me but love,and Ill be new baptized;Henceforth I never will be Romeo.sonnet 十四行诗十四行诗起源于起源于13世纪的意大利，世纪的意大利，16世纪上半世纪上半叶由英国诗人萨利和魏阿特引入英国，风靡一时。叶由英国诗人萨利和魏阿特引入英国，风靡一时。十四行诗又称商籁体诗十四行诗又称商籁体诗(sonnet)，其语句整齐、，其语句整齐、短小精悍、格律严谨、富于音乐效果，内容多以短小精悍、格律严谨、富于音乐效果，内容多以歌咏爱情为主，是一种典型的文人诗。许多诗人，歌咏爱情为主，是一种典型的文人诗。许多诗人，如彼特拉克、弥尔顿、华兹华斯、济慈等，都创如彼特拉克、弥尔顿、华兹华斯、济慈等，都创作过许多优秀的十四行诗，各领风骚，甚至令他作过许多优秀的十四行诗，各领风骚，甚至令他们所处时代的诗坛一度掀起十四行诗热。然而，们所处时代的诗坛一度掀起十四行诗热。然而，在吟咏爱情的十四行诗的诗人中，甚称在吟咏爱情的十四行诗的诗人中，甚称“圣手圣手”的恐非莎士比亚莫属的恐非莎士比亚莫属。o莎士比亚的十四行诗早在莎士比亚的十四行诗早在1960年前发表年前发表就以手抄本的形式流传民间，就以手抄本的形式流传民间，他的诗打破他的诗打破原有的诗体的惯例，独树一帜，被誉原有的诗体的惯例，独树一帜，被誉为为“莎体莎体”。其主题思想以歌颂爱情与其主题思想以歌颂爱情与友谊为主。这些诗共友谊为主。这些诗共154首，分为三组。首，分为三组。第一组（第一组（1126首）首）写给写给一位贵族青年一位贵族青年的友谊的起伏变化的友谊的起伏变化;第二组（第二组（127152）描写一位姿色不佳的）描写一位姿色不佳的“黑肤女郎黑肤女郎”（dark lady），诗人对他的态度是毫），诗人对他的态度是毫不掩饰的情欲；第三组（不掩饰的情欲；第三组（153154）与）与前两组毫无关系，好像是同一首诗写了两前两组毫无关系，好像是同一首诗写了两遍。遍。o意大利式十四行诗分前八行、后六行。韵意大利式十四行诗分前八行、后六行。韵尾是尾是abba,abba;cde,dcd.。o莎士比亚式十四行诗，层次上分前四行，莎士比亚式十四行诗，层次上分前四行，中四行，后四行和结尾两行。韵尾为：中四行，后四行和结尾两行。韵尾为：abab,cdcd,efef,gg。格律是抑扬格。格律是抑扬格五音步。五音步。Sonnet 18oShall I compare thee to a summers day?oThou art more lovely and more temperate:oRough winds do shake the darling buds of May,oAnd summers lease hath all too short a date:oSometime too hot the eye of the heaven shinesoAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed;oAnd every fair from fair sometime declines,oBy chance or natures changing course untrimmed;oBut thy eternal summer shall not fade,oNor lose possession of that fair thou owst;oNor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,oWhen in eternal lines to time thou growst:oSo long as a man can breathe,or eyes can see,oSo long lives this,and this gives life to thee.o歌曲欣赏Q&AoHow does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?o The poet answers the question by saying that thou art more lovely and more temperate than summer.Q&AoWhat makes the poet think that thou can be more beautiful(fair)than summer and immortal?oThe poet thinks that every summer is going to fade and go away,whereas thou will always be beautiful and lovely.Q&AoWhat idea do the last two lines express?oThey express Shakespeares faith in the permanence of poetry.oSonnet 18 deserves its fame because it is one of the most beautifully written verses in the English language.The sonnets endurance comes from Shakespeares ability to capture the essence of love so cleanly and succinctly.戴镏铃译o我怎样能把你比做夏天？我怎样能把你比做夏天？你比它更可爱也更温和：你比它更可爱也更温和：五月的娇蕾有暴风震颠，五月的娇蕾有暴风震颠，夏季的寿命很短就度过。夏季的寿命很短就度过。o有时候当空照耀着烈日，有时候当空照耀着烈日，又往往它的光彩转阴淡；又往往它的光彩转阴淡；凡是美艳终把美艳消失，凡是美艳终把美艳消失，遭受命运和时序的摧残。遭受命运和时序的摧残。o你永恒的夏季永不凋零，你永恒的夏季永不凋零，而且长把你的美艳保存；而且长把你的美艳保存；死神难夸你踏它的幽影，死神难夸你踏它的幽影，只因永恒的诗与你同春。只因永恒的诗与你同春。o 天地间能有人鉴赏文采，天地间能有人鉴赏文采，这诗就流传就教你永在。这诗就流传就教你永在。译者不详（台湾网页上摘抄）译者不详（台湾网页上摘抄）o夏日怎能與妳譬喻比擬夏日怎能與妳譬喻比擬妳的可愛溫和夏日難及妳的可愛溫和夏日難及五月花蕾惡風吹襲落地五月花蕾惡風吹襲落地夏日租約倏忽轉瞬到期夏日租約倏忽轉瞬到期 o有時天眼高灼炎炎難耐有時天眼高灼炎炎難耐更見烏雲常蔽金色面容更見烏雲常蔽金色面容古今紅顏難逃紅顏色衰古今紅顏難逃紅顏色衰命運無常季候欺凌作弄命運無常季候欺凌作弄 o妳的永恆夏日卻將長存妳的永恆夏日卻將長存美貌紅顏必也永世不減美貌紅顏必也永世不減死神難誇妳為地府美人死神難誇妳為地府美人因妳芳名已成不朽詩篇因妳芳名已成不朽詩篇 o除非人世已經滅絕無生除非人世已經滅絕無生此詩必將永傳與汝永恆此詩必將永傳與汝永恆海外逸士海外逸士 译译致其所愛致其所愛(To My Love）（莎士比亞十四行詩第十八首（莎士比亞十四行詩第十八首)o我欲將君比夏晝我欲將君比夏晝君更嬌艷更媚柔。君更嬌艷更媚柔。疾風吹搖五月蕾疾風吹搖五月蕾夏日苦短行矣休。夏日苦短行矣休。o時或驕陽何炎炎時或驕陽何炎炎常見金烏遭遮掩。常見金烏遭遮掩。美人之美易消逝美人之美易消逝偶失天奪亦可憐。偶失天奪亦可憐。o君之長夏永不逝君之長夏永不逝君之花容能久駐。君之花容能久駐。閻羅終未拘君去閻羅終未拘君去不朽君因不朽句。不朽君因不朽句。o世間有人人能看世間有人人能看我詩長存君并存。我詩長存君并存。文言译本：文言译本：o美人当青春，婉丽自销魂。美人当青春，婉丽自销魂。焉知东风恶，良辰讵待人？焉知东风恶，良辰讵待人？朝日何皋皋，暮色何昏昏。朝日何皋皋，暮色何昏昏。众芳俱摇落，天意倩谁询？众芳俱摇落，天意倩谁询？我有丹青笔，腾挪似有神。我有丹青笔，腾挪似有神。为君驻颜色，风霜不可侵。为君驻颜色，风霜不可侵。丹青亦难久，罔若诗与琴？丹青亦难久，罔若诗与琴？延年歌一曲，万古扬清芬。延年歌一曲，万古扬清芬。白话译本：白话译本：o我能否将你比作夏天？我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。你比夏天更美丽温婉。狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。夏日的勾留何其短暂。休恋那丽日当空，休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。转眼会云雾迷蒙。休叹那百花飘零，休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。催折于无常的天命。唯有你永恒的夏日常新，唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。你的美貌亦毫发无损。死神也无缘将你幽禁，死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。你在我永恒的诗中长存。只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。附：夏日最后一朵玫瑰 Thomas Moores oTis the last rose of summer,oLeft blooming alone.oAll her lovely companions oAre faded and gone.oNo flowr of her kindred,oNo rosebud is nigh,oTo reflect back her blushes oOr give sigh for sigh.oIll not leave thee thou lone one oTo pine on the stem,oSince the lovely are sleepingoGo sleep thou with them;oThus kindly I scatter oThy leaves oer the bed,oWhere thy mates of the garden oLie scentless and dead.oSo soon may I follow oWhen friendships decay,oAnd from loves shining circle oThe gems drop away!oWhen true hearts lie withered oAnd fond ones are flown Oh!oWho would inhabit oThis bleak world alone?