广州市届高三12月模拟考试英语试题(含解析).doc

2017年广州市普通高中毕业班模拟考试
英语
2016.12
阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 45 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Passenger Information
Carry-on Bag Rules
When travelling on China Southern planes, we ask our customers to follow our simple bag rules.
---Each passenger is allowed to bring one bag onto the plane.
---Weight limit: Each carry-on bag may weigh up to 10 kilos.
---Size limit: Each carry-on bag can be up to 110cm long, 60cm high and 30cm wide.
---Additional bags and oversized/overweight bags may be allowed on the plane if there is enough room. There will be a fee for such bags (see the table below). Please note that if your bag breaks more than one rule then you must pay a fee for each rule broken.
Safety Rules
For the safety of our passengers, the following items must not be taken onto the plane:
---Bottles containing gas (e.g. cigarette lighter)
---Bottles containing any cream, oil or other liquid that are over 100ml.
Note:
If you have any liquid medicines over 100ml that you must use during your flight, please contact our customer service manager on 34533566 to make arrangements at least 24 hours before your departure. You will need to have a doctor’s letter explaining why you need the medicine.
Bag Fees

Rule
Fee
Overweight*
Bags heavier than 10 kilos
￥100 per kilo over limit
Oversized**
Bags larger than 110cmX60cmX30cm
￥250 per bag
Extra bags

￥400 per extra bag
*No bag over 15 kilos will be allowed on the plane. **No bag over 150cm long or 80cm high may be taken on the plane. Passengers must put such bags in the plane’s storage.

21. What is not allowed to be taken onto the plane by a passenger?
A. A gas bottle B. Medical equipment
C. A 100ml bottle of cream D. A bag that is 120cm long
22. When must a passenger speak with the manager about taking over 100ml of liquid medicine onto their flight?
A. After they get on the plane B. Six hours before their flight
C. When they arrive at the airport D. At least one day before their flight
23. How much will a passenger pay for a carry-on bag that is 110cmX50cmX25cm in size and weighs 13 kilos?
A. 250yuan B. 300yuan C. 550yuan D. 850yuan

解析： 说明文
21. A. 细节题。定位到Safety Rules第一条”Bottles containing gas”是”must not be taken onto the plane”的，所以选A。
22. D. 细节题。定位到Note中”If you have any liquid medicines over 100ml…make arrangements at least 24 hours before your departure.” 需要至少提前一天联系，所以选D。
23. B. 计算题。题干所给的箱子没有超过大小，但是超重3千克，每千克收费100元所以300元，选择B。

B
The sun was rising when Daryl’s delivery truck reached the highway. This was the best time of day to drive, when the roads were wide open and empty. He felt sure he was going to make it to Los Angeles before midnight. It looked like it was going to be a good day.
Then he saw it, a large lump in the middle of the road. Daryl often passed dead animals on the roadside but he knew than this was something different. He slammed on his brakes and the truck screeched to a halt.
The lump was a girl. He tried shaking her awake but she wouldn’t move, so he picked her up and carried her to the side of the road. At least she wouldn’t be run over there.
Now she was someone else’s problem. He had to make it to Los Angeles by midnight and didn’t have time to be a here. He climbed back into his truck but as he looked in his mirror and saw the girl lying still by the side of the road, he knew he couldn’t leave her. Daryl put her into his truck and drove to the next town.
An hour later he pulled up at the police station. After explaining what had happened, he prepared to leave, only for the policeman to say that he needed to make a report. Daryl knew this would take several hours, but he had no choice. There was no way he’d get to Los Angeles on time now.
Three hours later the report was done and the girl had recovered somewhat. She explained that she had fallen on the highway, weak from hunger, but could remember nothing else. She also thanked Daryl for saving her life. Daryl told her that he had been happy to help, but as he got back into his truck he knew his boss wouldn’t be.
Just as he was about to pull back onto the road, his mother called. “Have you seen?” she said, “A bridge collapsed two hours ago, the one that you drive over on the way to Los Angeles.”
Daryl’s blood run cold. If he had been on time, he would have been on that fallen bridge about two hours ago. Daryl realized how lucky he was.

24. What did Daryl plan to do in Los Angeles?
A. Go on holiday. B. Deliver some goods.
C. Visit his mum. D. Report to his boss.
25. Why did Daryl first leave the girl by the side of the road?
A. He didn’t want to be late. B. He thought the girl would be fine.
C. He knew that someone else would help. D. He worried the police would blame him.
26. How did Daryl feel after he left the police station?
A. Confident that he would be on time. B. Angry that he had to make the report.
C. Proud that he had saved the girls life. D. Worried that his boss would be angry.
27. What does the underlined expression “Daryl blood ran cold” in the last paragraph suggest?
A. Daryl was now feeling more relaxed. B. Daryl thought he would be in trouble.
C. Daryl was greatly shocked by the news. D. Daryl felt the sudden change in temperature.

解析：记叙文
24. B. 细节题。从第一段” Daryl's delivery truck”可知他去洛杉矶是去运送货物的，所以选B。
25. A. 细节题。定位到第四段第二句”He had to make it to Los Angeles by midnight and didn’t have time to be a hero.”因为送货不能迟到所以没时间，所以选A。
26. D. 细节题。定位到第六段最后一句，he knew his boss wouldn’t be后面省略了happy。所以是担心老板生气，选择D。
27. C. 推断题。因为上一段听到的消息，他感到极度惊骇，“如坠冰窟”，所以选C。
C
Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “man’s best friend” and the world’s favourite pet? If you have then you’re not alone. When and where dogs first began living side-side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans. They came into lives some 15000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.
Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago. However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs.
With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It’s even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30,000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.
Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.
But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three -quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.
28. Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?
A. They originally were used as farm animal
B. They evolved from wolves found in Europe
C. They helped the development of agriculture
D. They were the first animal to be kept as pets
29. Why does the writer first mention the 30,000-year-old animals skulls?
A. To show that dogs were much larger in the past
B. To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves
C. To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier
D. To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium
30. How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?
A. By examine the animals’ DNA
B. By analyzing the age of their bones
C. By studying the shape of their skulls
D. By comparing them with modern dogs
31. Why did dogs start living with humans?
A. Because they were attracted by food
B. Because they were trapped by humans
C. Because they couldn’t survive in the wild
D. Because they were trained to protect villages

答案解析：
28. D. 定位第一自然段“There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans”可知选项D正确。
29. C. 通过题目中出现的“30,000-year-old animals skulls”定位到第二自然段“However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs.”可知狗出现的时间最早可追溯到30,000年前，而不是14,000之前。
30. A. 通过题目中关键词Alaska 定位文中第三自然段最后一句话“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves”可知是用DNA检测的
31. A. 由最后一段“The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out”可知狗的自我驯养是因为被村民扔出的食物所吸引。

D
Many people believe that the only way to make our communities safer is to build more prisons. But there’s a way better protect cities and towns by doing just the opposite.
In many countries throughout the world, prison populations have risen dramatically over the past decade. One of the main reasons for this is the large number of repeat offenders; that is people who break the law again once freed from jail. Statistics show that about one in four prisoners freed every year return to jail within three years.
This is partly because ex-prisoners face huge difficulty finding employment. More than a third of them cannot find any job at all. Data show that having a job greatly reduces the chances that a person will commit a crime again or commit one in the first place. Released prisoners who do manage to find steady employment are 50 percent less likely to return to prison. Rather than harming a community, having a job helps ex-prisoners to change their ways and make a positive and productive contribution to their communities.
What’s more, helping these men and women find jobs would also save taxpayers a lot of money. Few prisoners would save governments millions or possibly even billions of dollars annually: the costs of building and operating jails.
There are many things that the government can do to help ex-prisoners find work. More job training programs should be introduced to provide prisoners with work skills before they are freed. Companies and factories should also be given tax benefits if they employ ex-prisoners. Such programs have been shown to work in several countries.
Such policies of course assure that freed criminals actually want to work. But shouldn’t they be given the chance? Our goal, after all, shouldn’t be to incarcerate as many prisoners as possible, but to build a society that doesn’t need to put such a large percentage of its population in jail. We should take a step in that direction and help prisoners find self-respect and purpose through work.
32. What percentage of freed prisoners returns to prison within three years?
A. 65% B. 50% C. 33% D. 25%
33. Which of the following best describes the content of the fifth paragraph?
A. Facts B. Arguments C. Recommendations D. Requirements
34. What does the underlined word “incarcerate” in the last paragraph?
A. set free B. lock up C. employ D. separate
35. Which of the following would be author agree with?
A. Tougher punishment will reduce crime
B. Most prisoners do not deserve to be in prison
C. Economic conditions are a major cause of crime
D. Prison populations are likely to increase in the future

答案解析：
32. D. 细节题，定位到第二自然段最后一句话“....one in four....”可知四分之一为25%
33. C. 主旨题，定位第五自然段第一句为主旨句“There are many things that the government can do to help ex-prisoners find work”可知这一自然段讲的是作者的建议。
34. B. 猜词题，定位到最后一个自然段，通过上下文可知作者并不赞同一味地把犯人抓进监狱。
35. C. 推断题，定位第三自然段可知犯罪率上升的主要原因是刑满出狱的人二次犯罪，而二次犯罪和首次犯罪的原因主要是找不到工作。没有工作就没有收入，没有收入就会造成经济问题。原文中还提到有工作的人犯罪率减少了50%，由此可以推断是犯罪主要是因为经济问题。

第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Rio Grande
Although not the longest in America, the Rio Grande is one of the most important. But, unlike other significant rivers, it is not used for shipping. In fact, ocean-going ships cannot sail on its water. _____36_____ Since 1846, it has been the official border of Texas and Mexico.
Rio Grande Geography
The Rio Grande is either the fourth or fifth longest river system in North America. It all depends on how it is measured. _____37_____and these course movements can cause it to be longer or shorter. At its last official measure, the Rio Grande clocked in at 1896 miles. The river starts in Colorado and extends downward to the Gulf of Mexico.
_____38_____ Not only does the river extend south, but it also starts in the mountains and gets lower and lower in altitude as it extends to the Gulf.
The Rio Grande Today
_____39_____ Sadly, much of the water has been used up and parts of the river are most dry! This is because people take more water from the river than the river can get back from rain and other sources. Experts are working to correct this, though, with hopes of restoring the river to its past strength.
Today, the river is important as a source of water for Texas and Mexicans. _____40_____ Though borders like the Rio Grande separate nations, they are also shared spaces. The Rio Grande is therefore a symbol of friendship and peace between two peoples.

A. Usually, it is measured by length.
B. Downward is the best way of describing it too.
C. What makes the Rio Grande so important is its location.
D. Because the river twists so much, it occasionally changes course.
E. The Rio Grande today is mostly used as a source of drinking water.
F. More importantly, it is a symbol of cooperation between two nations.
G. Today, the Rio Grande is the destination of tourists from all over the world.

【解析】先浏览全文。观察文章是否有告诉我们全文脉络的关键信息。首先是标题，而且从第一句可以看出是一条河，我们可以得知这是介绍类文体。其次是醒目的两个小标题，告诉我们：第一段基本可以断定是总起段，而后面的小标题引导的则是该河流“地理”和“今日概况”两个方面了。
接下来我们看看五个空应该怎么填：
36. B。空格位于段中，我们可以观察其前后两句的描述：前一句是说过海的船其实都不能在它的水道上航行，所以Rio Grande的重要性没有在运输上体现出来。而后一句说从1846年起它就已经成为了德克萨斯州（美国）和墨西哥的官方边境了，这说明了Rio Grande的重要性在于它的地理位置。我们看到C选项中出现两个符合该语境的关键词，一是important，二是location。因此选C。
37.D。这道题同学可能会选A。因为前一句确实有出现“measure”一词，而且与前一句的逻辑也说得通，但是，我们做选择的时候不能只看选项与前一句的逻辑，而是选择一个跟前后句，甚至跟全段、全篇章都符合语境、逻辑无误的选项。我们再观察后一句：出现一个并列连词and,一个指示代词these，说明these course movements，在空格处必有提及。选项D提到course（路程）会改变，而后面说这些路程的移动会导致它变长或者变短。
38. B。空格在段首，填的是段落大意句。看到后面的并列倒装句中“but it also starts in the mountains and gets low