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类型专升本英语--词汇辨析.doc

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     1. clothes, cloth, clothing   clothes 统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数;   cloth 指布,为不可数名词;   clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of   2. incident, accident   incident 指小事件;   accident 指不幸的事故,例:He was killed in the accident.   3. amount, number   amount 后接不可数名词;   number 后接可数名词,例:a number of students   4. family, house, home   home 家,包括住处和家人;   house 房子,住宅;   family 家庭成员,例:My family is a happy one.   5. sound, voice, noise   sound 自然界各种各样的声音;   voice 人的嗓音;   noise 噪音,例:I hate the loud noise outside.  6. photo, picture, drawing   photo 用照相机拍摄的照片;   picture 可指相片,图片,电影片, 例:Let's go and see a good picture.   drawing 画的画。   7. vocabulary, word   vocabulary 词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,例:He has a large vocabulary.   word 具体的单词。   8. population, people   population 人口,人数,例:China has a large population.   people 具体的人。   9. weather, climate   weather 一天内具体的天气状况;   climate 长期的气候状况,例:The climate here is not good for you.   10. road, street, path, way   road 具体的公路,马路,例:take this road   street 街道,例:in the street   path 小路,小径;   way 道路,途径,例:Show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject   course 课程(可包括多门科目),例:a summer course   subject 科目(具体的学科)   12. custom, habit   custom 传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do;   habit 生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. 例:I've got the habit of drinking a lot.   13. cause, reason   cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth;   reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. 例:the reason for being late   14. exercise, exercises, practice   exercise 运动,锻炼(不可数);   exercises 练习(可数);   practice(反复做的)练习,例:Practice makes perfect.   15. class, lesson   作“课”解时,两者可以替换。   指课文用lesson,例:Lesson 6,第6课;   指班级或全体学生用class,例:Class 5,5班。 16. speech, talk, lecture   speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说;   talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话;   lecture 学术性的演讲,讲课,例:a series of lecture on…   17. officer, official   officer 部队的军官,例:an army officer   official 政府官员。   18. work, job   二者均指工作。   work 不可数;job 可数,例:a good job   19. couple, pair   couple 主要指人或动物;   pair 多指由两部分组成的东西,例:a pair of trousers   20. country, nation, state, land   country 侧重指版图,疆域;   nation 指人民,国民,民族;   state 侧重指政府,政体;   land 国土,国家,例:The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker   cook 厨师,例:He is a good cook.   cooker 厨具。   22. damage, damages   damage 不可数名词,损害,损失;   damages 复数形式,赔偿金,例:$900 damages   23. police, policeman   police 警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,例:The police are questioning everyone in the house.   policeman 指某个具体的警察。   24. problem, question   problem 常和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise;   question 常和疑问连系,多和ask, answer连用。   25. man, a man   man 人类;   a man 一个男人,例:Man will conquer nature.  26. chick, chicken   二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉;例:The chicken is delicious.   27. telegram, telegraph   当电报解时,telegram指具体的;例:a telegram   telegraph指抽象的;例:by telegraph   28. trip, journey, travel, voyage   travel 是最常用的;   trip 指短期的旅途;例:a three-day trip   journey 指稍长的旅途;   voyage 指海上航行。   29. sport, game   sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;例:His favorite sport is swimming.   game 指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则。   30. price, prize   price 价格;例:The price is high/low.   prize 奖,奖品,奖金;例:win the first prize  31. a number of, the number of   a number of 许多,谓语动词用复数;   the number of… ……的数目,谓语动词用单数。例:The number of students is increasing.   32. in front of, in the front of   in front of 范围外的前面;   in the front of 范围内的前面 例:In the front of the room sits a boy.   33. of the day, of a day   of the day 每一天的,当时的,当代的,例:a famous scientist of the day;   of a day 暂时的,不长久的。   34. three of us, the three of us   three of us 我们(不止三个)中的三个;   the three of us 我们三个(就三个人)例:The three of us - Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.   35. by bus, on the bus   by bus 表手段,方式,不用冠词,例:They went there by bus.   on the bus 表范围。 36. for a moment, for the moment    for a moment 片刻,一会儿,例:Thinking for a moment, he agreed.   for the moment 暂时,一时。   37. next year, the next year    next year 将来时间状语;   the next year 过去将来时间状语,例:He said he would go abroad the next year.   38. more than a year, more than one year    more than a year 一年多;   more than one year 超过一年(两年或三年等)。   39. take advice, take the(one's) advice    take advice 征求意见;   take the advice 接受忠告 例:He refused to take the advice and failed again.   40. take air, take the air    take air 传播,走漏;   take the air 到户外去,散步 例:We take the air every day.  41. in a word, in words   in a word 总之,一句话,例:In a word, you are right.   in words 口头上。   42. in place of, in the place of    in place of 代替;   in the place of 在…地方,例:A new building is built in the place of the old one.   43. in secret, in the secret    in secret 秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;   in the secret 知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语,例:My mother was in the secret from the beginning.   44. a girl, one girl    a girl 可泛指所有女孩;   one girl 一个女孩,例:Can one girl carry such a big box?   45. take a chair, take the chair    take a chair 相当于sit down坐下;   take the chair 开始开会。 46. go to sea, by sea   go to sea 当海员,出航;   by sea 乘船,由海路;by the sea 在海边。   47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher    the doctor and teacher 指一个人,既是医生又是老师;   the doctor and the teacher 两个人,一个医生和一个老师。   48. in office, in the office    in office 在职的,例:He is in office, not out of office.   in the office 在办公室里。   49. in bed, on the bed    in bed 卧在床上,例:He is ill in bed.   on the bed 在床上,例:The book is on the bed.   50. in charge of, in the charge of    in charge of 管理,负责照料,例:He is in charge of the matter.   in the charge of 由……照料,例:The matter is in the charge of her.  51. in class, in the class    in class 在课上;   in the class 在班级里,例:He is the best student in the class.   52. on fire, on the fire    on fire 着火,例:The house is on fire.   on the fire 在火上,例:Put the food on the fire.   53. out of question, out of the question    out of question 毫无疑问的;   out of the question 不可能的。   54. a second, the second    a second 又一,再一;   the second 第……,例:He won the second prize.   55. by day, by the day    by day 白天;   by the day 按天计算,例:The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people    the people 指人;   a people 指民族,例:The Chinese is a peace-loving people.   57. it, one    it 同一物体;   one 同类不同一,例:I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.   58. that, this    that 指代上文所提到的;例:I was ill. That's why…   this 导出下文所要说的。   59. none, nothing, no one    none 强调有多少;   nothing, no one 强调有没有;nothing 指物,no one 指人。   60. anyone, any one    anyone 指人,不能接of;   any one 指人物均可,可接of 例:any one of you  61. who, what    who 指姓名或关系;   what 指职业或地位,例:What is your dad? He is a teacher.   62. what, which    what 的选择基础是无限制的;   which 在一定范围内进行选择,例:Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?   63. other, another    other 后接名词复数,例:other students   another 后接名词单数,例:another student   64. not a little, not a bit    not a little 非常;   not a bit 一点也不,例:I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。   65. many, much, a lot of    many 和可数名词连用,例:I haven't many books.   much 和不可数名词连用;   a lot of 可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句。  66. much more…than, many more…than    much more…than 后接形容词或不可数名词,例:much more water, much more beautiful   many more…than 后接可数名词,例:many more people   67. no, not    no=not a/any   例:no friend=not a/any friend; no water=not any water   68. no more than, not more than    no more than 相当于only,仅仅,只有;   not more than 至多,不超过。   69. majority, most    majority 只能修饰可数名词,例:the majority of people   most 可数不可数均可。   70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself    by oneself 单独的,独自的;   for oneself 为自己;   to oneself 供自己用的;   of oneself 自行的,自动的,例:The door opened of itself.  71. at all, after all    at all 根本,全然;   after all 到底,毕竟,例:After all he is a child.   72. tall, high    tall 常指人或动物,例:He is tall.   high 常指物体。   73. fast, quickly    fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,例:run fast   quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快,例:answer the question quickly   74. high, highly    high 具体的高;   highly 抽象的高,高度的,例:think highly of   75. healthy, healthful    healthy 健康的,健壮的;   healthful 有益于健康的,例:healthful exercise  76. sleeping, asleep,sleepy    sleeping 正在睡觉,例:a sleeping baby   asleep 睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,例:The baby is asleep.   sleepy 困的,有睡意的,例:I'm sleepy.   77. gold, golden    gold 指真金制品,例:a gold ring   golden 指金色的,但金鱼用gold fish   78. most, mostly    most 用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,例:most people   mostly 大部分,是副词,例:the people are mostly…   79. just, very    just 表强调时是副词,作状语,例:just the man   very 表强调时是形容词,用作定语,例:the very man   80. wide, broad    wide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离;   broad 侧重于幅面的宽广,例:broad shoulders  81. real, true    real 真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,例:real gold   true 真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合,例:a true story   82. respectful, respectable    respectful 尊敬,有礼貌,例:be respectful to the aged   respectable 可敬的,值得尊敬的。   83. outwards, outward    二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面;   outward 还可用作形容词,例:an outward voyage   84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing    pleasant 常用作定语;   pleased, pleasing 常用作表语;   pleased 主语常为人,pleasing 主语常为物,例:a pleasant trip; The trip is pleasing.   85. understanding, understandable    understanding 明白事理的,能体谅的,例:an understanding girl   understandable 可理解的,能够懂的,例:an understandable mistake   86. close, closely    close 接近,靠近,例:stand close   closely 紧紧地,紧密地,例:closely connected   87. ill, sick    ill 做表语;   sick 定语、表语均可,例:a sick boy   88. good, well    good 形容词;   well 副词,但指身体状况是形容词,例:He is well again.   89. quiet, silent, still    quiet 安静的,可以发出小的声音;   silent 不发出声音,但可以动;   still 完全不动,完全无声响,例:He stand there still. 他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。   90. hard, hardly    hard 努力,例:work hard   hardly 几乎不,例:I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capable   able 与不定式to do连用;   capable 与of连用,例:He is capable of doing…   92. almost, nearly    二者均为“几乎,差不多”,和否定词连用用almost,例:almost nobody。   93. late, lately    late 迟,晚;   lately 最近,近来 例:I haven't seen him lately.   94. living, alive, live, lively    living, alive, live 均为活着的;   living 定表均可,alive 定表均可,定语后置;   live 只能做定语,lively 意为活泼的,例:all the living people=all the people alive   95. excited, exciting    excited 使人兴奋的,例:I'm excited.   exciting 令人兴奋的,例:The news is exciting.  96. deep, deeply    deep 具体的深,例:dig deep   deeply 抽象的深,深深地,例:deeply moved   97. aloud, loud    aloud 出声地,例:read aloud 出声地读   loud 大声地   98. worth, worthy    二者均为值得,worth后接doing;   worthy后接to be done, of being done;   例:It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.   99. bad, badly    bad 形容词,例:go bad   badly 副词,不好,但与need, want, require连用为“很,非常”,例:I need the book badly.   100. before long, long before    before long 不久以后;   long before 很久以前;   例:not long before = before long  101. quite, rather    quite 完全地,相当于completely,例:quite impossible   rather 修饰比较级   102. happy, glad    happy 高兴,幸福,定表均可,例:a happy girl   glad 高兴,只能做表语   103. instead, instead of    instead 是副词,放在句首或句末,例:He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV.   instead of 是介词短语,放在句中,例:He watched TV instead of seeing a film.   104. too much, much too    too much 后接不可数名词;   much too 后接形容词,例:much too heavy   105. be about to, be going to, be to do    be about to 表最近的将来,后面不接时间状语;   be going to 侧重打算,想法;   be to do 侧重意志,计划,安排 例:I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思) 106. raise, rise   raise 及物动词;   rise 不及物动词,例:The sun rises in the east.   107. bring, take, carry, fetch   bring 拿来;   take 带走;   carry 随身携带;   fetch 去回这一往返动作,例:fetch a box of chalk   108. spend, take, pay, cost   spend 人做主语,花钱,花时间,spend…on sth./in doing sth;   take 物做主语,花时间;   pay 人做主语,花钱,pay for;   cost 物做主语,花钱。   109. join, join in, take part in   join 加入某个组织,并成为其中的一员,例:He joined the army five years ago.   join in 参加小型的活动,join sb. in;   take part in 参加大型的活动。   110. learn, study   learn 学习,侧重学习的结果;   study 学习,侧重学习的过程,研究,例:study the problem   111. want, hope, wish   want 打算,想要,want to do, want sb. to do;   hope 希望(通常可以实现),hope to do/ hope that…   wish 希望(通常不能实现),wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n.,例:I wish you success.   112. discover, invent, find out   discover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西;   invent 发明本来不存在的物体;   find out 发现,查明,例:At last he found out the truth.   113. answer, reply   answer 及物动词;   reply 不及物动词,例:to reply to the letter   114. leave, leave for   leave 离开;   leave for 前往,例:He left Beijing for Shanghai.   115. rob, steal   rob 抢劫,rob sb. of sth.,   steal 偷,steal sth. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot at    shoot 射死,例:He shot the bird and it died.   shoot at 瞄准,但不一定射中。   117. drop, fall    drop 及物不及物均可,例:He dropped his voice.   fall 不及物动词,例:Prices fell/dropped.   118. search, search for    search 后接地点,例:He searched his pocket for money.   search for 后接东西   119. used to, be used to    used to 过去常常;   be used to 习惯于,后接sth./doing sth.;被用来,后接 do sth. 例:He is used to getting up early.   120. win, beat    win 后接sth. 反义词为lose,例:win the game   beat 后接sb.,例:beat them 121. live on, live by    live on 以……为主食,例:live on fish   live by 靠……谋生,例:live by fishing   122. beat, hit, strike    beat 连续性地击打,例:beat the wings   hit 打中,对准打;   strike 打一下或若干下。   123. meet, meet with    meet 遇到;   meet with 体验到,遭遇到,例:meet with an accident   124. lose, miss    lose 失去(具体的物体),错过,例:sth. is lost, lose the chance;   miss 想念,错过,例:sth. is missing, miss the chance   125. be tired of, be tired with/from    be tired of 厌烦……   be tired with/from 因为……而累了,例:be tired with/from running 800 meters 126. care about, care for   care about 关心,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中。例:He doesn't care about his clothes.   care for 关心,照料,喜欢,愿意。例:I don't care for movies.   127. catch a cold, have a cold   catch a cold 不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用;   have a cold 可以和表示"一段时间"的状语连用,例:She has had a cold for a week.   128. change for, change into   change for 调换成,例:the shirt for a bigger one.   change into 变成为... 例:Water changes into ice.   129. continue, last   二者均为持续,continue主动、被动均可。例:The story is to be continued.   last只能用主动,例:The war lasted/continued five years.   130. feed, raise   feed 喂养,养活,饲养;   raise 饲养,养育(孩子),例:raise the family  131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor    go for a doctor 去请医生;   go to a doctor 去看病   132. notice, observe, catch sight of    notice 注意到;   observe 观察,仔细地看,例:observe the stars   catch sight of 突然看到   133. insist on, stick to    insist on 坚持要求,后常接doing;   stick to 坚持, 后常接sth. 例:stick to the plan   134. look, seem, appear    look 指从外表上看,例:look like his father   seem 指内心的判断;   appear 指给人以表面的印象,例:appear wise   135. gather, collect    gather 把分散的东西集中到一起;   collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集,例:collect stamps 136. mean to do, mean doing    mean to do 打算,想要做某事;   mean doing 意思是,意味着。例:By this I mean giving the students more practice.   137. die from, die of    die from 表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等;   die of 表示死于疾病,饥饿,寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因素。例:die of hunger and cold   138. pay for, pay back, pay off    pay for 为……付钱,例:pay for the book;   pay back 还钱,但不一定还清;   pay off 还清,例:pay off the debt   139. divide, separate    divide 把一个整体分成几部分,例:divide the apple;   separate 把连在一起的个体分开,例:separate the houses   140. arrive, get, reach    arrive 不及物动词,后接in(大地点),at(小地点)。例:arrive in Beijing   get 不及物动词后接to,例:get to Beijing   reach 及物
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