传统教学：定语从句教学设计(2)关系副词.docx

定语从句导学案（2）
关系副词
教学目标：
1. 学习关系副词引导的限制性定语从句。
2. 学习“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
3. 通过讲练，使学生掌握关系副词引导的限制性定语从句和 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
学习重点：关系副词引导的限制性定语从句和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
学习难点：介词的选择和关系词的选择。
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Lead in
Step 1 Revision
Translate some sentences into English.
1. This is the man who helped me.
2. The Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
3. Do you know the man whose name is Yao Ming?
4. I have lost my book, which I like very much.
5. He sold his bicycle, which surprised me.
6. As is known to all, China is a country with the largest population in the world.
Step 3 Grammar Learning---Explanations
一、关系副词的基本用法：
关系副词
先行词
在从句中充当的成分
when
时间
时间状语
where
地点
地点状语
why
原因 (reason)
原因状语
当先行词表示时间、地点、原因，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时,就分别用when, where, why来引导定语从句。when, where, when=in, at, on, during等+which；where=in, at, on, under等+which；why一般可用“介词+which”替代。如：
I still remember the day (=on which) when I first came to our school.
Xi’an is the city where (=in which) I was born.
Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) he is absent?
注意：
1、先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的，但它们在定语从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或定语时，也不能用关系副词(when, where, why)，而要用关系代词。如：
I have forgotten the date (that/which)he told me.
Do know the reason (that/which) he gave at the meeting?
That is the museum (that/which) we visited last Sunday.
注意：
2、当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation, where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
3、关系代词与关系副词的选用依据
当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时，一定要分析从句的句子结构。如果从句中缺少时间、地点或原因状语，则用关系副词；如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词。
This is the factory where she used to work.
这是她以前工作过的那家工厂。
This is the factory that / which I visited last year.
这是我去年参观的那家工厂。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在定语从句中，当关系代词作动词短语或介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加密切，可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词放在关系代词前面。
使用“介词＋关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题：
1、介词的选择
介词的选择通常依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯搭配、介词与先行词的搭配或句子的意义来确定。
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
这是你花高价买的车吗？(根据从句谓语pay的搭配确定)
The factory in which his father works is far away from my hometown.
他父亲工作的那家工厂离我们家乡很远。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)
[点睛]　有些含有介词的固定动词短语不可拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。
This is the little boy that you have been looking for.
这就是你一直寻找的那个小男孩。
2、关系代词的选择
介词后作宾语的关系代词一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。
The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.
汤姆到加拿大时乘坐的火车速度非常快。
He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.
他就是那个家里的画被偷的人。
3、当需要使用表示时间、地点或原因的先行词在从句中作状语时，也可以使用“介词＋关系代词”的结构。如：
We can't find the house where/in which we used to live.
我们找不到曾经住的房子了。
Do you still remember the day when/on which we went to
the beach?
你还记得我们去海滩那天吗？
4、在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，基于意义上的需要of which/of whom前可带some/any/few/several/many/most/all/both/none/neither/each/half/one/two等词或形容词最高级。如：
Today there are many people who smoke in the world, about 45% of
whom are Chinese.
现在世界上有很多人在吸烟，其中大约45%是中国人。
The oranges, half of which have gone bad, were bought by Uncle Wang.
王叔叔买的橘子坏掉了一半。
Step 4 Summary
关系副词及介词+which/whom/whose引导的限制性定语从句的具体用法。
Step 5 Practice
在下面的空格处填入适当的介词（1-6）或关系副词（7-11）：
1. The sun gives us heat and light,________ which we can’t live.
2. The student _______ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.
3. I’ll never forget the day ________ which she said good-bye to me.
4. Who can give me the reason ________ which he hasn’t turned up yet?
5．The whole city, 75% ________ whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.
6．This is the village ________ which Uncle Wang once lived.
7．He flew to Paris two hours ago, ________ he would stay for three days.
8．We'll put off the meeting till next week, ________ we won't be so busy.
9. Rock climbing is a breathtaking activity, ________ cooperation as well as courage plays an important role.
10．Jack's speech was listened to by a group of five judges, all of ________ agreed that it was the best one this year.
11．I don't know the reason ________ he was late.
Step 6 Homework
抄写上述11个句子并将其译成汉语。
Blackboard Design
1. 学习关系副词引导的限制性定语从句。
I still remember the day (=on which) when I first came to our school.
Xi’an is the city where (=in which) I was born.
Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) he is absent?
2. 学习“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?