北师大版高中英语模块四Unit11词汇学习学案正式版.doc

Warm up
1. the media
The media are/ is to blame for starting the rumour.
Commercial TV is an effective medium for advertising.
2. chat n./vi. (chatted/ chatting)
have a chat with sb.
chat with sb. about sth.
3. quizn./vt.( quizzes/ quizzed/ quizzing)
a quiz show/game
He quizzed me about my reasons for leaving.
4.soap opera
5.currentadj.
current affairs
This note is no longer current.
6.affair
n. “事情”，“事件”,“事务”(复数)，“事态”
foreign affairs
affairs of state

辨析：event, business, matter, thing, incident, accident
1). event n. （重大的）“事情”，“事件”,（运动）“项目”，“比赛”
The first day at school is a big event in a child's life. 第一天上学在孩子的一生中是件大事。
2). businessn. “商业”,“生意”, “营业”,“事情”,“事务”,“职责”（指有责任为谋生而应做的事。）
The business of doctors is to prevent and cure disease. 医生的职责是预防和治疗疾病。
3). matter n. [U] “物质” the matter “麻烦事”
Most matter has three states: solid, liquid, and gas. 大多数物质具有三种状态：固态、液态和气态。
4). thing n. “事情”，“事件”
A funny thing happened today. 今天发生了一件很有意思的事。
5). incident n. 表示 “小事”, “有政治影响的事件”
The night passed without an incident.
这一夜平安无事。
The Lugouqiao incident occurred on July 7,1937. 芦沟桥事变发生于1937年7月7日。
6). accident n. “意外的事”, “事故”, “偶然的事”
It was quite an accident. 这是一件很偶然的事。
7.explode vt. / vi.
explode a bomb
The firework exploded in his hand.
At last his anger exploded.
explosionn.
a terrible explosion/ a population explosion
Lesson One
1. agenda n.
Let us go on to the next item on the agenda. 
What's on your agenda today?
2. nation/national/nationality
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.
nation 侧重于国民,指一个独立政府领导下的全体人民或整个民族的集合体。
Italy is becoming an industrial nation. 意大利成为一个工业国。
辨析：kingdom, state, country,
kingdom侧重于王国。state侧重于政权，即独立的国家, 也可指政府。country表示地理概念, 侧重于疆土, 国土, 家园, 也就是一个国家的整个区域。例如：
①Long long ago there was a kingdom in the forest. 很久以前,森林里有一个王国。
②The company belongs to the state.
这家公司属于国家所有。
③China is a great socialist country.
中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
④The whole country came to their rescue. 全国都来救援他们。
3. politics/political
4. widespread damage
wide awake
He is still wide awake.
nationwide全国范围的;全国性的
worldwide
5. poverty/poor/poorly
below the poverty line
He lived in poverty.
His work was criticized for its poverty of imagination.
6. electricity / electric/ electrical
7. sex
What sex is the baby?
There are members of both sexes in the committee.
8. administration
The administration of a big business requires skill in dealing with people.
administrator/administrative
He works in an administrative position.
9. reformn. /v. / reformer
carry out reforms in education
reform an unfair salary structure
10. demand vt./n.
常用来表示有权力的人物要求别人服从或顺从，常指强硬的、理直气壮的 “要求”。
This sort of work demands great patience.
He demanded to be told everything.
He demanded that he (should )be told everything.
meet/satisfy one’s demands
Demand for skilled workers is high.
demanding (adj.)jobs/bosses
辨析：require, request, ask
require 口气比较缓和，有 “需要”含义，当主语是物时，后接动名词，用主动语态，有被动含义，也可接不定式，用被动语态。request意为（很客气地）“要求”，“请求”，比ask更客套地请求。ask 和request一样都表示“要求”，“请求”, 但它是最为常用的词。例如:
①The windows require repairing (=to be repaired). 窗子要修理了。
②The situation there requires that I (should) be present. 那里的局势需要我在场。（虚拟语气）
③He requested me to go there. He requested that I (should) go there. 他求我去那里。（虚拟语气）
④The villagers always ask them to stay for lunch.
乡亲们总是请他们留下来吃中饭。
11. debt
pay off one’s debts
be in debt
be out of debt
12. belief/ believe
I haven’t much belief in his honesty.
He lost his belief in God.
13.pain/ painful
14.hostn./ vt./hostess
Beijing is the city to host the 2008 Olympic Games
15.announce/announcement/announcer
They announced their engagement to the family.
announcements of births/marriage
16. distinction
make/draw a distinction between A and B
London has the distinction of being the first city to host the event three times. (honor)
She has the distinction of being the first woman to swim the channel. (award)
17. application /applicant/ apply
I made an application for a loan.
200 applications for the job
the application of the theory
apply for a job/post
apply to an organization
This regulation applies to her too.
can’t apply the ruleto each case
18. delight
To his delight, he passed the entrance exam.
She ran back home with delight.
I’m delighted at your success.
I’m delighted to hear the news.
I’m delighted that you succeeded.
19. stand for
“代表”,“象征”；“主张”,“支持”；“容忍”
USA stands for the United States of America.
The letters USA stand for…
We should stand for freedom of the press.
We will not stand for impolite behavior.
I won't stand for his insults any longer. 
stand by
Whatever happens, I will stand by you.
She stands by every word she said.
Don’t just stand by. Can’t you lend a hand? 别袖手旁观,你不能帮一下忙吗?
stand out“显眼”，“出色”
Her red hair made her stand out in the crowd.
John stood out as a track star.
约翰是一个出色的田径运动员。
20. publish/ publisher/ publishing
The first edition was published in 1990.
She chose publishing as a career.
publishing house
21. evidence
Have you any evidence to support this statement?
22. explain sth. to sb. = explain to sb. sth.
an explanation for the attacks
It needs no explanation.
这无需解释。
e down to结果是P.101
He had come down to begging.
What comes down to is a choice between cutting wages and reducing the number of staff.
Lesson Two
1. analyze vt./analysis/analyses /analyst
By analyzing parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.
2. arisevi.(arose, arisen)
Many problems arise out of lack of communication.
Accidents often arise from carelessness.
rise(rose, risen)
3. blame
blame sb. for sth.
She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s death.
blame sth. on sb.
Police are blaming the accident on the driver.
be to blame
If anyone is to blame, it’s me.
Who is to blame for the accident?
____ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed
C. to blame D. to be blamed
4.be willing to do sth./be unwilling to do sth.
5. self/ selfish/ selfless
6. employ/ employer/ employee
7. legal/illegal
8. attemptvt./ n.
The prisoner attempted an escape.
The prisoner attempted to escape, but failed.
They made an attempt to escape.
They made no attempt at/onescaping.
attempted robbery/murder
She had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first attempt.
9. defendvt.
defend one’ country against enemies
defend sb. from attack/injury
defence =defense
10. argue/argument
11. process
the digestive process/ the ageing process
12. profit
make great profits (of)
He made a profit of fifty thousand US dollars on his house.
We gained a lot of profit from your advice.
13. in favour of 支持
Was he in favour of the plan?
in sb’s favor 对某人有利
They reached an agreement in their favour.
do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor and turn the radio down while I’m on the phone?
14. courage/ encourage/encouragement/
discourage/ discouragement
15. an attitude to/towards
16. dislike vt.unlike prep.
I dislike it when you whistle.
I dislike havingto get up early.
He dislikes the cat, doesn’t he?
He doesn’t like the cat, does he?
17. pretendvt.
She pretended not to notice me.
She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.
He pretended (to his family) that everything was fine.
18. hirevt./ fire
hire a car/room/ sb.
19. bush /in the bush
20. respectvt./ n.
Mr. Brown is respected by everybody.
respect one’s wishes
I have the greatest respect for him.
I show respect to him.
a much loved and highly respected teacher
respectful adj.
I hope you would be more respectful to your father. (show respect to)
我希望你对父亲有礼貌些。
The woman kept a respectful silence.
那位妇人恭敬地保持着沉默。
respectable adj.(good enough or acceptable)可敬的；体面的
Our new neighbors are very respectable people.
我们的新邻居是十分可敬的人。
It is not respectable to spit on the sidewalk.
在人行道上吐痰是不文雅的。
21. disagree/disagreement
disagree with him on most things
Disagreement arose about how to plan the show.
22. in public
She was appearing in public for the first time since her illness.
the public
The public are/is not allowed to enter the court room.

Lesson Three
1. advertise/advertiser/advertisement
advertise in the local newspaper
advertise a product
2. classic
a classic novel/ movie/ work一流的
a classic example/ mistake典型的
classical music/ a classical ballet/dance / architecture 古典的
3. certain
They are certain to agree
He is certain/sure to succeed
=we are sure /certain that he will succeed.
He is certain/sure of success.
=He is certain/sure that he will succeed.
It is certain that they will agree.
For certain personal reasons, I shall not be able to attend.
A certain Dr. David performed the operation.
Some person at the door is asking to see you.
4. sew vt./vi ( sewed; sewed/sewn)
Would you sew this button onto my shirt?
do some sewing
5. be suitable for
What time is suitable for us to meet?
She is suitable for the job.
These films are suitable for adults only.
6. consist of= be made up of
The United Kingdom consistsofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland.
7. budget
a monthly budget
an annual budget
8. visual/ visually
I have a very good visual memory.视觉记忆
visual aid直观教具
Visually the chair is very pleasing, but it's uncomfortable.
这椅子看上去很可爱,但它并不舒服。
He explained the journey visually by use of pictures.
他运用图片形象地讲述了这次旅行。
9. boom n./v.
a boom in car sales
a boom year繁荣昌盛的一年
Sales are booming.激增
Business is booming.兴隆
10. concept
the basic concepts of mathematics
11.approach n./ v.
The school has decided to adopt a new approach to discipline. （方法）
Snow announced the approach of winter. （靠近;即将达到）
All approaches to the city were blocked. （通道）
Winter is approaching. (临近)
What’s the best way of approaching the problem? (处理)
When Brown approached me about the job, my first reaction was of disbelief.(与……接洽)
12. humour / humourous
He has a good sense of humor.
They were imaginative, quick, and humorous.
13. contemporary n./adj.
contemporary fiction/music当代的
Was he contemporary with Shakespeare? 同龄的
He was respected by his contemporaries.同龄人
14. contribution
make contributions to
contribute to (有助于)
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
Lesson Four
1. consideration/ consider/ considerate
The proposals are still under consideration.
take …into consideration
Taking everything into consideration, the event was a great success.
Everything ____________into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
2. brave…bravery…bravely
3. innocent…innocence
Don’t be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tell you.
be innocent of crime
4. conclude/ conclusion
We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock.
What do you conclude from the facts?
reach /draw /come to a conclusion
in conclusion
bring sth. to a conclusion
5. spokesman/ spokeswoman/ spokesperson
6. as long as
so long as
As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.
7. fiction
science fiction科幻小说
8. scene
What a fantastic mountain scene景象!
The scene 情景in the hospital was very moving.
the first scene 场面，片段of the play
the scene现场，地点 of the accident
9. fog/ foggy
10. mud/ muddy
11. load
The truck was carrying a load of sand.
卡车装运一车沙子。
a truck load of vegetables
The branch was broken by the load of snow on it.
take a load off one’s mind
The good news has taken a load off my mind.
听了这个好消息我就放心了。
What a great load the students will feel ____their mind the moment they finish their entrance examination this June.
A. turned down B. set free
C. taken off D. taking off
load A with B
The bus is loaded with people.
Now the middle school students are loaded with heavy homework.
Communication workshop
1. aheadadv./adj.
The road ahead was blocked.
Go straight ahead.
Go ahead. 说吧/走吧/干吧
"Could I ask you a rather personal question?" "Sure, go ahead."
Go ahead, we are all listening.
We've received permission to go ahead with the music festival in spite of opposition from local residents.
ahead of
She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.
We expect the building work to be completed ahead of schedule.
Let's meet for lunch. I'll call you ahead oftime to fix up exactly when and where.
2. harm/ harmful/ harmless
do harm to
do sb. harm
be harmful to
3. anyhow(anyway)/ somehow
Of course I don't mind taking you home ---- I'm going that way anyway.
4. false
give false information/ a false passport
false teeth/ true or false

人品好的人，自带光芒，无论走到哪里，总会熠熠生辉。人活着，谁都会有烦恼，每天都有烦恼，最重要的是你不理会烦恼，烦恼自然就没有了！因此，朋友们，最好的活法，就只要记住这两句话：烦恼天天有，不捡自然无！当你不开心的时候，想想自己还剩下多少天可以折腾，还有多少时间够你作践。你开心，这一天过了；不开心，一天也过了。想明白了，你就再也不会生气了。当你烦恼的时候，想想人生就是减法，见一面少一面，活一天就少一天，还有什么好烦恼的呢，不忘人恩，不念人过，不思人非，不计人怨。不缺谁，不少谁，对得起良心就好。当你忧伤的时候，想想生活就是一场路过，赤条条来，赤条条去，带不来一丝尘土，带不走半片云彩。什么功名利禄，什么人情往份，啥你都带不走，想明白了，还有什么好难过的？当你不满的时候，想想和富人比，我们活着知足就是幸福。和病人比，我们活着健康就是幸福。和死人比，我们还活着就是幸福。人这辈子想活好，心要简单，人要糊涂。当你生气的时候，想想是否有必要为不值得的人生气？有必要为不值得的事闹心？好好吃饭，好好睡觉，好好养老，好好花钱就可以了。你好好的，家人好好的，一切也就好好的了！当你计较的时候，想想人在世间走，本是一场空，何必处处计较