2016年浙江高考英语阅读理解C翻译和解析.doc

2016年浙江高考英语阅读理解C翻译和解析
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playing…right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls in the ground---and, in the process, it belongs out important evidence about how physical objects interact; bowls of rice do not flood in mid-sit, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world ), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child , Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
50. According to some developmental psychologists,
A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.
B. scientific research into babies; games is possible
C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated
D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment
51.We learn from Paragraph 2 that
A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B. scientists and babies often interact with each other
C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
52. Children may learn the rules of language by
A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology
C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors
53. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
54. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?
A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confidence. D. Cautious.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。学.科网
50. 【答案】D
clip_image055考点：考查细节理解。
51. 【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据文章第二段的句子overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world)可知孩子也会像科学家一样收集证据，故选D。
考点：考查细节理解。
52. 【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据文章第三段的句子For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering and finally overturning a theory可知孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选C。
考点：考查细节理解。
53. 【答案】B
clip_image057考点：考查细节理解。
54. 【答案】D学科.网
【解析】
试题分析：根据作者在文中的用词appear to和may来弱化绝对性的表达，和通过引用其他人的观点some psychologist suggest/argue that 可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选D。
考点：考查推理判断。

一个在实验室工作台工作的科学家和一个六个月大玩弄食物的婴儿可能看起来毫无相似之处。毕竟这个科学家在从事严肃的科学研究，发现物理世界的本质，而这个婴儿只是在玩，不是么？也许吧，但是发展心理学家认为这种“玩”和人们想的不一样，这种“玩”更像是一种科学研究。
让我们更仔细地看一看吃饭时玩的婴儿。每次一碗米饭被推到桌子边，掉在地上---在这个过程中，它展现出了物体之间是如何相互作用的重要证据。一碗米饭不会在空中漂浮着，而是需要支撑去保持平稳。婴儿可能不是天生就明白宇宙的这个基本事实，他们也没有被清晰的教过这一点。相反，婴儿可能通过反复的实验，然后基于此去学习更多关于物体是如何相互作用的，通过这样的方法，他们可能就形成了对物体支撑概念的理解。尽管研究范围和实验不同，但是婴儿的研究和科学家的实验似乎有着同一个目的（去了解自然世界），整体方法（从世界中收集直接证据），和逻辑（我的观察是我期待的吗？）
一些心理学家提出小孩子用这种方法学到的不仅是物理世界---他们用类似的方法研究人类心理和语言规则。例如：可能仅通过反复的实验，证据收集，最终推翻一个理论，这样，婴儿接受了别人和他们有着不同观点和渴望的思想。例如，和孩子不同的是，妈妈实际上不喜欢德芙巧克力。
视童年的发展为一种科学研究帮助解决了孩子们是如何学习的，但是它在我们研究科学和科学家上也给了我们启迪。为什么科学家们和小孩子看起来如此相似？心理学家认为科学，作为一项工作---对探索的渴望，对解释的渴望，对理解我们世界的渴望---不过是来源于我们婴儿时期罢了。
或许进化赋予了人类婴儿好奇心和天生的想去解释他们世界的驱动力。成年科学家仅是应用了这种在他们还是孩子时就有的驱动力而已。小孩对于弄明白某事很棒的认知系统可能也被成年科学家采用了。正如一些心理学家所说：“并不是小孩是小科学家，而是科学家是大孩子”