高考英语语法填空解题技巧(2).doc

高考英语语法填空解题技巧
¤题型解读：
一篇200字左右的短文或对话
5-7个空白根据给出单词的正确形式填空
3-5个根据上下文填写空白处所需内容
¤能力考查：
理解语篇、句子结构、
运用语法、单词拼写。
¤语法填空的考点或考查内容是：
(1)纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。一个空格只能填一个单词
(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级、词类转换等。一个空格可以填1，2，3个单词

一 有提示词类试题的答题要诀
（一）给出了动词的试题的解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。

技巧1：1）看位置。在主语后与主语构成主谓结构，那么填谓语动词，要考虑时态语态以及主谓一致。
2）看是否有并列连词and, but, so等做标志，做并列谓语
例句1：His fear of failure ________(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joy.
解析：因主语His fear of failure 后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played 可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept.

例句2：1 That was completely not a good idea ,so I politely refused her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away.
解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词refused，但由and walked可知，所填词与refused和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。
牛刀小试1：
1 My brother ________(succeed) in winning the election last week.
2 More than 2,000 people are ______________(employ).
3 The first card _____ (design) by the boy last week
4 Mr. Smith stood up , ________(pick) up his book and left.

技巧2若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式。（to do/ to be done)
确定方法如下：
Ving形式表主动，进行.或作主语；宾语
Ved形式表被动，完成
To do形式表主动，将来，

例句1：It is important for us __________(learn) English.
解析：句中有谓语动词is, it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语。所以填to learn.

例句2：________(take) exercise is of great benefit to us.
解析：句中有谓语动词is, 所以take应为非谓语；分析句子成分，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词。故填Taking.

例句3：________(catch) the first bus, he got up early.
解析：句中有谓语动词got up, 所以catch 应为非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，作状语，表目的，故要用不定式而且主动的，To catch.

例句4：The teacher entered the classroom, ________( follow) by some students.
解析：句中已有谓语entered, 而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因为the teacher 与follow 是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语,followed.

例句5：He saw the stone, _________(say) to himself, “The night will be dark”.
解析：句中已有谓语saw, 且没有并列连词构成并列谓语，所以，所给动词应当是非谓语；又因He和say是主动关系，故填saying 作伴随状语。

例句6：Lessons _______(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
解析：因句中已有谓语can help, 所以learn 应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn 是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填learned.
牛刀小试2：
1 The teacher walked around _____________( inspect).
2 Sorry, I can’t go with you. I’m __________( suffer) from a serious headache.
3 With time ____(go) by , he has explored more and more fields
4 _________( host) the Olympics Games is also a great responsibility.
5 We all want to have the problem ____________( solve) in a peaceful way.
6 He can’t say a word, ____________( point) at the notice on the wall angrily.
7 The film ___________( base) on the novel is so interesting.
8 The game __________( design) for children to develop their interest in maths is popular with the kids.
9 _____ (see) the big snake, the little girl was frightened.
10 ________ (ask) why he stole the book, he kept silent.

二 词类转换题的解题技巧
（一）作表语，定语或补语，通常用形容词形式
　　　根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。

例句1：The boy immediately felt ________ (silence) when he heard the bad news.
解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

例句2：If diseased tissue is found ,a _____ (power) laser（激光） can be used to burn it away…
解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填powerful。

例句3：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject
解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣的”，填interested。

牛刀小试3：1 Mike was a __________(rely) man and I think you can rely 　　　　　
　　　　　　on him.
　　　　　2 He can’t stand (忍受) people who are ________( cruelty)
　　　　　3 Tom made his mother _________( anger) because of his 　　
　　　　　　rudeness.

（二）作主语、及物动词或介词后宾语，在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或“冠词+形容词”后，用名词形式；有时需要注意名词复数。

例句 1: John Snow was able to announce with certainty (certain).
2：On December 10, the anniversary of the death (die) of Nobel
3: Recognizing your bad eating habits is of great importance (important) in correcting the behavior.

牛刀小试4：1 They carried the children to _________( safe)
2 I hold the _________(believe) that we can overcome the
　　　　　 difficulties.
　 3 On his ____________( arrive), he was given a warm welcome.

（三）修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式

例句 1 Sadly (sad) the library had moved from its original place into another building. (副词修饰整个句子)
2 By bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly (swift) （所给词修饰动词move）
牛刀小试5：1 He looked calm, but ________( actual) he was nervous.
2 Mother has not yet recovered from the serious illness, but her health is improving ___________( gradual) day by day.
3 Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be _________( equal) respected.

（四）有可能是词类不用变，主要是考察
1 具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-等，在词根后加-less等
2 比较级/最高级
3 名词变复数

例句1 He has strong determination and is unwilling (willing) to give up the opportunity. ( 他有很强的决心，不愿意放弃这次机会)
2 One main disadvantage (advantage) of this area is that the public transport is not convenient.
(这个地区一个主要缺点是公共交通不便利)
3 Social customs_( custom) are different from country to country.
4 The harder (hard) you try to study, the more likely(可能的) you will succeed. (the+比较级，the+比较级 结构：越—越---)
牛刀小试6：1 I _________( like) people who talk loudly in public places. I think its very impolite.
2 It is _______( fair) that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
3 Your mistake caused a lot of __________ (necessary) work in the office.
4 Now the water in the river is ________(clean) than ever.
5 We have made our ________( mind) to study English.

训练提升一
1. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
2. Being too anxious often ________ (lead) to the bad result.
3 In Logan, three people ______ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic(地方诊所).
4 House prices in that city _______________ ( decrease) by only 5% since last year.

训练提升二
1________ (speak) out your inner(内心的) feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…(说出你的内心感受不会使你难堪，相反。。。)
2 We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift.
3 Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(眉毛) (raise).
4 __________(complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
5 He saw the stone, ______(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”
6 Lessons ________ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.

训练提升三
1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said _________ (rude).
2. As far as I am concerned, my ____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.
3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______ (nature) course.
4. It is ___________(legal) to sell drugs, which do harm to people’s health.

5. One of the __________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher…
6. We were both laughing the whole time. When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in English, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt __________ (lonely) than I had expected that night.
7. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics（评论家） call her one of the _________ (great) writers of our time.
8． He took some special _________( course) to improve singing ability.

综合提升训练
1 Little children live under the ____________(protect) of their parents.
2 Deeply _________( affect) by the story of Cong Fei, I am determined to be a volunteer.
3 I found the streets _________( decorate) with colorful flowers.
4 I am eager to share my _ ____ ( happy) with you.
5 You have made much _______ (great) progress in English
6 She’s thinking of __________( select) some short stories for my outside reading.
7 He looked through the suits and___________( select ) the cheapest for me.
8 It is a great honor to attend a dinner party _______( host) by the president of the company.
9 Professor Li failed many times but he ________(final) found a good way to solve the problem.
10 It is an _________(extreme) difficult task.
11 People will have eye problems if they spend too much time _________( watch) 3-D movies.
12 The lawyer devoted his _________( value) time to helping us.
13 ___________( reach) the goal his boss set for him is his present dream.
14 He was so angry that he threw the glass, _________( break) it into pieces.
15 I must have the paper ________( type) in less than two hours.
16 The next contest will __________( host) in Shanghai.
17 The more you speak English, ____________( good) it will become.
18 The __________ expression on his face suggested that he was __________ at the ___________news. ( amaze)
19 Not _________(know) how to solve the problem, he asked the teacher for help.
20 _______( praise) by the teacher, the students were very excited.
答案：
训练提升一
1. was told 2. leads 3. were taken 4. have decreased
训练提升二
1. Speaking 2. receiving 3. raised 4. To complete 5. saying 6. learned
训练提升三
1. rudely 2. suggestion 3. natural 4. illegal 5. bad 6. more lonely 7. greatest 8. courses
综合提升训练
1. protection 2. affected 3. decorated 4. happiness 5. great 6. selecting
7. selected 8. hosted 9. finally 10 . extremely 11. watching 12. valuable 13. Reading 14. breaking 15. typed 16. be hosted 17. the better
18. amazed, amazed, amazing 19. knowing 20. Praised
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