HPUX下数据丢失或损坏两个案例分享.doc

华胜天成科技股份有限公司 HPUX下数据丢失或损坏两个案例分享
HP Unix单用户模式下处理系统逻辑卷全部丢失的故障

系统环境： hp unix 11.31
硬件环境： rp4440
故障现象： 系统重启后只能进入单用户模式，vgdisplay看不到任何系统的lvm。
物理环境： 不能接触主机，单可以远程登录MP管理。

1. 系统不能正常启动，引导后从ISL中敲"hpux -is"进入单用户模式：
NOTICE: return ramfs memory for BTL: [FREE] top 0x00000000c0400000, pages 2258
Create STCP device files
Starting the STREAMS daemons-phase 2
     $Revision: vmunix:    B.11.31_LR FLAVOR=perf
Memory Information:
    physical page size = 4096 bytes, logical page size = 4096 bytes
    Physical: 4192256 Kbytes, lockable: 2982120 Kbytes, available: 3400940 Kbytes
/sbin/ioinitrc:
Can't stat /dev/vg00/lvol1
/dev/vg00/lvol1: CAN'T CHECK FILE SYSTEM.
/dev/vg00/lvol1: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY.
mount: /dev/vg00/lvol1: No such file or directory
Unable to mount /stand - please check entries in /etc/fstab
Skipping KRS database initialization - /stand can't be mounted

INIT: Overriding default level with level 's'
INIT: SINGLE USER MODE
INIT: Running /sbin/sh
#

2. 先看一下磁盘设备是否正常：
# ioscan -funC disk
Class     I  H/W Path     Driver S/W State   H/W Type     Description
=====================================================================
disk      6  0/1/1/0.0.0  sdisk   CLAIMED     DEVICE       HP 146 GST3146707LC
                         /dev/dsk/c2t0d0   /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0
disk      0  0/1/1/0.1.0  sdisk   CLAIMED     DEVICE       HP 73.4GST373453LC
                         /dev/dsk/c2t1d0   /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0

我的系统就在73.4GB的硬盘上。

3. 看一下vg00的逻辑卷： 
# ls /dev/vg00
#

都没了。
单从/etc/lvmtab目录下找到了vg00的map文件。尝试导入。      
# vgimport -s -m /etc/lvmconf/vg00.map vg00 /dev/dsk/c2t0d0  /dev/dsk/c2t1d0
vgimport: Volume group "/dev/vg00" already exists in the "/etc/lvmtab" file.
4. vg00存在多种问题。
1、不能被反激活
2、单用户模式下也不能用vgcfgrestore命令
3、不能export和import

所以决定试用vg01带代替vg00做系统卷组尝试。

# mv /etc/lvmtab /etc/lvmtab.bak
#vgscan -v
准备重新生成lvmtab文件：
# vgimport -s -m /etc/lvmconf/vg00.conf vg01 /dev/dsk/c2t0d0  /dev/dsk/c2t1d0
vgimport: "/dev/vg01/group": not a character device.
提示错误，需要先建立/dev/vg01目录和节点设备/dev/vg01/group:
# mkdir /dev/vg01
# mknod /dev/vg01/group c 64 0x010000
再次导入：
# vgimport -s -m /etc/lvmconf/vg00.conf vg01 /dev/dsk/c2t0d0  /dev/dsk/c2t1d0
vgimport: Volume group "/dev/vg01" has been successfully created.
Warning: A backup of this volume group may not exist on this machine.
Please remember to take a backup using the vgcfgbackup command after activating the volume group.
Also, upon first activation of an imported bootable volume group, make
sure to run lvlnboot(1M) command in recovery mode (-R option) to resync
the information on the disk
导入成功。
尝试激活：
# vgchange -a y vg01
Activated volume group
Volume group "vg01" has been successfully changed.
激活成功。
显示一下：
# vgdisplay -v
--- Volume groups ---
VG Name                     /dev/vg01
VG Write Access             read/write    
VG Status                   available                
Max LV                      255   
Cur LV                      9     
Open LV                     9     
Max PV                      16    
Cur PV                      2     
Act PV                      2     
Max PE per PV               4384        
VGDA                        4  
PE Size (Mbytes)            16             
Total PE                    8759   
Alloc PE                    4044   
Free PE                     4715   
Total PVG                   0       
Total Spare PVs             0             
Total Spare PVs in use      0                    
VG Version                  1.0.0    
   --- Logical volumes ---
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/lvol1
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            1792           
   Current LE                  112      
   Allocated PE                224        
   Used PV                     2      
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/lvol2
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            8192           
   Current LE                  512      
   Allocated PE                1024       
   Used PV                     2      
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/lvol3
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            1024           
   Current LE                  64       
   Allocated PE                128        
   Used PV                     2      
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/lvol4
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            512            
   Current LE                  32       
   Allocated PE                64         
   Used PV                     2      
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/lvol5
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            112            
   Current LE                  7        
   Allocated PE                14         
   Used PV                     2      
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/lvol6
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            4960           
   Current LE                  310      
   Allocated PE                620        
   Used PV                     2      
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/lvol7
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            2960           
   Current LE                  185      
   Allocated PE                370        
   Used PV                     2      
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/lvol8
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            8704           
   Current LE                  544      
   Allocated PE                1088       
   Used PV                     2      
   LV Name                     /dev/vg01/myswap
   LV Status                   available/syncd          
   LV Size (Mbytes)            8192           
   Current LE                  512      
   Allocated PE                512        
   Used PV                     1      

   --- Physical volumes ---
   PV Name                     /dev/dsk/c2t1d0
   PV Status                   available               
   Total PE                    4375   
   Free PE                     2097   
   Autoswitch                  On       
   Proactive Polling           On              
   PV Name                     /dev/dsk/c2t0d0
   PV Status                   available               
   Total PE                    4384   
   Free PE                     2618   
   Autoswitch                  On       
   Proactive Polling           On      

vg01拥有了vg00的全部逻辑卷：        

6. 显示一下boot设备：
# lvlnboot -v
Boot Definitions for Volume Group /dev/vg01:
Physical Volumes belonging in Root Volume Group:
        /dev/dsk/c2t1d0 -- Boot Disk
        /dev/dsk/c2t0d0 -- Boot Disk
Boot: lvol1     on:     /dev/dsk/c2t1d0
                        /dev/dsk/c2t0d0
Root: ???       on:     /dev/dsk/c2t1d0
                        /dev/dsk/c2t0d0
Swap: ???       on:     /dev/dsk/c2t1d0
                        /dev/dsk/c2t0d0
Dump: ???       on:     /dev/dsk/c2t1d0, 0

异常。这与vg00的lvm丢失有直接关系。
 或者#lvlnboot -R 否则到后面即使恢复成功，可能回出现lvlnboot -v输出异常。
7. 查看/etc/fstab文件：
# cat /etc/fstab
# System /etc/fstab file.  Static information about the file systems
# See fstab(4) and sam(1M) for further details on configuring devices.
/dev/vg00/lvol3 / vxfs delaylog 0 1
/dev/vg00/lvol1 /stand hfs defaults 0 1
/dev/vg00/lvol4 /tmp vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/lvol5 /home vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/lvol6 /opt vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/lvol7 /usr vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/lvol8 /var vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/myswap /myswap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/vg00/lvol3时/，能否重指定lvlnboot设备呢？
# lvlnboot -r /dev/vg01/lvol3
lvlnboot: A Logical Volume has already been assigned
to be the Root or Swap Logical Volume.
依次重新制定
# mount /dev/vg01/lvol3 /
vxfs mount: V-3-21264: /dev/vg01/lvol3 is already mounted, / is busy,
                allowable number of mount points exceeded
#
不能重建。因为单用户模式已经挂载了根。

8. 修改/etc/fstab吧，让系统启动时自动挂载/dev/vg01吧。

# cat /etc/fstab
# System /etc/fstab file.  Static information about the file systems
# See fstab(4) and sam(1M) for further details on configuring devices.
/dev/vg00/lvol3 / vxfs delaylog 0 1
/dev/vg00/lvol1 /stand hfs defaults 0 1
/dev/vg00/lvol4 /tmp vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/lvol5 /home vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/lvol6 /opt vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/lvol7 /usr vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/lvol8 /var vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg00/myswap /myswap swap defaults 0 0
vi命令单用户模式下不能用。
# mv /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
用echo来写入吧。
# echo /dev/vg01/lvol3 / vxfs delaylog 0 1 > fstab
# cat fstab
/dev/vg01/lvol3 / vxfs delaylog 0 1
# echo /dev/vg01/lvol1 /stand hfs defaults 0 1 >> fstab
# echo /dev/vg01/lvol4 /tmp vxfs delaylog 0 2 >> fstab
# echo /dev/vg01/lvol5 /home vxfs delaylog 0 2 >>fstab
# echo /dev/vg01/lvol6 /opt vxfs delaylog 0 2 >>fstab
# echo /dev/vg01/lvol7 /usr vxfs delaylog 0 2>>fstab
/dev/vg01/lvol7 /usr vxfs delaylog 0
# cat fstab
/dev/vg01/lvol3 / vxfs delaylog 0 1
/dev/vg01/lvol1 /stand hfs defaults 0 1
/dev/vg01/lvol4 /tmp vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg01/lvol5 /home vxfs delaylog 0 2
/dev/vg01/lvol6 /opt vxfs delaylog 0 2
# echo /dev/vg01/lvol7 /usr vxfs delaylog 0 2 >>fstab
# echo /dev/vg01/lvol8 /var vxfs delaylog 0 2 >>fstab
# pwd
/etc
# ls fstab*
fstab fstab.bak
# echo /dev/vg01/myswap /myswap swap defaults 0 0 >> fstab
写入完毕。

9. 修改/sbin/ioinitrc文件，让系统启动时激活vg01。

将"/sbin/vgchange -a y /dev/vg01" 写入/sbin/ioinitrc文件开头，我写在了BOOT_AUTH() {...}函数下面，vg01可以被激活。
10.重新启动机器进入多用户模式。
# reboot
Shutdown at 22:33 (in 0 minutes)
System shutdown time has arrived
       * The kernel registry database has been saved to disk.
ERROR:   The system could not create the file system links needed for
         proper operation of the kernel configuration.
sync'ing disks (0 buffers to flush):
 0 fcache pages still dirty
 0 buffers not flushed
 0 buffers still dirty
Calling function a1c530 for Shutdown State 5 type 0x1
Calling function 5b3248 for Shutdown State 5 type 0x1
Closing open logical volumes...
Done

Firmware Version  44.21
Duplex Console IO Dependent Code (IODC) revision 1

Firmware Version  44.21
Duplex Console IO Dependent Code (IODC) revision 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (c) Copyright 1995-2004, Hewlett-Packard Company, All rights reserved
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Processor   Speed            State           CoProcessor State  Cache Size
  Number                                       State              Inst    Data
  ---------  --------   ---------------------  -----------------  ------------
      0     1000  MHz   Active                 Functional         33554432 33554432
      1     1000  MHz   Idle                   Functional         33554432 33554432
  Central Bus Speed (in MHz)  :        200 
  Available Memory            :    4194304  KB
  Good Memory Required        : Not initialized. Defaults to 32 MB.
   Primary boot path:    0/1/1/0.1          
   Alternate boot path:  0/1/1/0.0          
   Console path:         0/0/1/1.0          
   Keyboard path:        0/0/4/0.0          

Processor is booting from the first available device.
To discontinue, press any key within 10 seconds.
Boot terminated.

---- Main Menu ---------------------------------------------------------------
     Command                           Description
     -------                           -----------
     BOot [PRI|ALT|<path>]             Boot from specified path
     PAth [PRI|ALT] [<path>]           Display or modify a path
     SEArch [DIsplay|IPL] [<path>]     Search for boot devices
     COnfiguration menu                Displays or sets boot values
     INformation menu                  Displays hardware information
     SERvice menu                      Displays service commands
     DIsplay                           Redisplay the current menu
     HElp [<menu>|<command>]           Display help for menu or command
     RESET                             Restart the system
----
Main Menu: Enter command or menu > boot
Interact with IPL (Y, N, or Cancel)?> n
Booting...
Boot IO Dependent Code (IODC) revision 0

Boot
: disk(0/1/1/0.1.0.0.0.0.0;0)/stand/vmunix
16756736 + 4042784 + 5755240 start 0x140368

alloc_pdc_pages: Relocating PDC from 0xfffffff0f0c00000 to 0x3e900000.
DoCalllist done
Module btlan is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module procsm is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module c8xx is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module cdfs is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: auto
Module cfsmdr is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: auto
Module cfsm is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: auto
Module cifs is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: auto
Module fcd is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module td is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module gelan is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module iether is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module igelan is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module ciss is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
Module mpt is put into ramfs:load time: driver_install, state: loaded
gate64: sysvec_vaddr = 0xc0002000 for 2 pages
Memory Class Setup
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class     Physmem              Lockmem              Swapmem
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
System :  3894 MB              3894 MB              3894 MB            
Kernel :  3893 MB              3893 MB              3893 MB            
User   :  3712 MB              3291 MB              3304 MB            
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Starting ktracer 0 1
Installing Socket Protocol families AF_INET and AF_INET6
Kernel EVM initialized
sec_init(): kernel RPC authentication/security initialization.
secgss_init():  kernel RPCSEC_GSS security initialization.
rpc_init(): kernel RPC initialization.
rpcmod_install(): kernel RPC STREAMS module "rpcmod" installation. ...(driver_install)
NOTICE: nfs_client_pv3_install(): nfs3 File system was registered at index 11.
NOTICE: nfs_client_pv4_install(): nfs4 File system was registered at index 12.
NOTICE: cachefsc_install: cachefs File system was registered at index 14.
    System Console is on the Built-In Serial Interface
ig