职称英语考试真题模拟卫生类A级真题模拟与参考答案.doc

职称英语考试真题卫生类A级真题与参考答案

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第一部分：词汇选项

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

1 Why can’t you stop your eternal complaining?
A long B everlasting
C temporary D boring
2 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.
A damaged B shaken
C fallen D jumped
3 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.
A faithful B royal
C sincere Dgenuine
4 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics
A simplicity B attraction
C power D rigor
5 Ten years after the event，her death still remains a puzzle.
A mist B fog
C secret D mystery
6 John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation
A troubled B annoyed
C threatened D amused
7 Academic records cannot be duplicated
A borrowed B purchased
C copied D rewritten
8 The emphasis on the importance of education has apurred scientific research
A encouraged B fastened
C raised D initiated
9 We have ample money for the journey.
A some B little
C enough D extra
10 The doctor’s pillsworked maIvels for me
A miracles B patients
C iIlness D recovery
11 Mary’s perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad
A endless B monotonous
C serious D bitter
12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment
A old B unforgettable
C unfair D funny
13 You didn’t adhere to othese principles
A order B follow
C prove D handle
14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land
A empty B halrless
C smooth D bare
15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications
A expressions B warnings
C advertisements D instructions
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息。请选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early
An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated say ltalian researchers who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of hanm from new therapies rushed into use
the resaarcllers looked af 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials Ihaf were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.
“When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10—year period between 1997 and , we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials—more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years,”study co—author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.
Of 14 trials halted early and published between and , the researchers found that 11(79 percent)of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U S Food and Drug Administration
This suggests a strong commercial componentin stoppingtrials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies on the other hand，a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an ‘immature’benefit／risk balance of new drugs，”Apolone said．
He and his colleagues‘‘are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients However．findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation.”
It can take severnl years for the long—term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent，Apolone noted．but the average duration(持续时间)of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months，with a range from 12 to 64 months
They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they’d enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.
“Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there’a proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior That would be an ethical obligation，”Stuart Pocock，a professor of medical statistics at the London Schoof of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom，said at the news conference“However，too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy(功效)without strong evidence being available”

16 The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently．
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The trials were stepped early because the treatments proved to be of no value
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participants
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasons
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped early
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Some of the trials were too short to show their long—term effects
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials stop early
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子

Cancer
1 Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells，the body’s basic building blocks The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body. healthy Sometimes，this orderly process goes wrong New cells fo rm when the body does not need them，and old cells d0 not die when they should The extra ceils form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor(肿瘤)Benign(良性的)tumors are not cancer They can often be removed and, in most cases．they do not come back.. Malignant(恶性的)tumors are cancer Ceils in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.
2 Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of ceils Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use，diet，exposure to ultraviolet(紫外的)radiation from the sun，or exposure to carcinogens(致癌物)in the workplace or in the environment Some gene alterations are inherited
3 Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy，chemotherapy(化疗)，hormone therapy．and biological the rapy The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods．depending on the type and location of the cancer．whether the disease has sp read。the patient’s age and general health，and other factors Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues．it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options．weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects
4 Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer．the extent of the disease，and the patient’s tolerance forpain Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves . Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However，pare can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over—the—counter drugs recommended by the doctor.

23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph 2
25 Paragraph 3
26 Paragraph 4
A How is cancer treated?
B Does cancer always cause pain?
C Can cancer be prevented?
D What is cancer?
E How common is cancer?
F What causes cancer?

27 Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without
28 Gene alterations may be caused by
29 Treatment for cancer may also bring about some
30 Cancer patients may differ in their
A side effects
B prescdption medicines
C control or order
D tolerance for pain
E various factors
F different genes
第四部分：阅读理解

第一篇

Youth Emancipation in Spain
The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.
Around 55 per cent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.
To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes, the institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.
Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since .
Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding".
"In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.
In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.
Parents' tolerance(宽容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.
"A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.
Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dioni-sio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.
"His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.

41. The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young people
A. live in an independent way
B. fight for freedom
C. fight against social injustice
D. get rid of family responsibilities
42. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in
A. Greece
B. Finland
C. Spain
D. Italy
43. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT
A. parent's tolerance
B. housing problems
C. unwillingness to get married
D. cultural traditions
44. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dinoisio Masso?
A. She has a boyfriend.
B. She is 60 years old.
C. She has three children.
D. She lives in Madrid.
45. The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by
A. tired of
B. afraid of
C. worried about
D. cautious about

第二篇 Surprised by a Miracle

　　I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it. Often it’s "wishful thinking" on the families’ part. Nurses can easily become callous to it.

　　On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient’s wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn’t do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning.

　　His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, "Donna, he’s moving his hand!"

　　I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, "I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did !"

　　This led me to another train of questioning. "But, did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.

　　I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didn’t believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.

　　She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, "Well, ask him to let go." He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn’t believe that he had done it on purpose. So, I said, "Ask him to hold up one finger." He did as asked.

　　Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up."

36. The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient
A is found to be following commands.
B is thought to be following commands.
C is used to following commands.
D is callous to nurses’ commands.

37. What was the condition of the patient before that particular night?
A He talked only with his wife.
B He barely moved at all.
C He moved only when hurt.
D He was too lazy to do anything at all.

38. How did the author feel upon first hearing what the excited wife said?
A She was amused.
B She was doubtful.
C She was scared.
D She was shocked.

39. What did the patient do on that particular night?
A He squeezed and let go his wife’s hand.
B He held up one of his fingers.
C He stuck out his tongue.
D All of the above.

40. The author "almost fell on the floor" because
A she could hardly believe her eyes.
B she had been working too hard.
C she had been deceived.
D she had been tripped.

第三篇 Slowing Aging：Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century
A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes ofaging
“The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases—cancer, diabetes, heart disease，Alzheimer's disease(早老性痴呆病)and Parkinson’s disease(帕金森氏病)一will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either mteract or share common mechanisms with aging．”says S .Jay Olshansky，professor of epidemiology at the University of lllinois at Chicago Schoot of Public Health and senior author of the commentary
Middle-aged and older people are most ofen impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy(预期寿命)and the length of healthy life Olshansky said.
The authors suggest that a new paradigm(模式)of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social，economic and health div