2023年中学生英语能力竞赛决赛高一组模拟题.doc

２０２3年全国中学生英语能力竞赛（NEＰCS）决赛
高一年级组模拟试题二
（总分:150分 答题时间:120分钟)
听力部分（共三大题，记３０分）略
笔试部分(共七大题,计120分)
Ⅰ． Knowledge and　Usage　(知识与使用方法) (共2０小题;26-35每题0.5分,3６-45每题１分计15分)
（A） Pleａsｅ ｃomｐlete the ｆｏllｏwｉnｇ seｎteｎcｅs wiｔh　ｏｎe word ｆor　ｅach　blank bｙ using thｅ Ｃhｉnese or　Eｎglish　hｉｎts gｉｖen　in thｅ　ｂraｃｋetｓ. （请根据括号中所给旳汉语提醒完毕下列句子。)（答案写在答题纸上）
26． We 　　　 　 (关怀，在意) whａt hａppens in　ouｒ dreamｓ, ｅvｅn　ｗｈen wｈat　hapｐｅｎs makes nｏ seｎsｅ.
2７.　Ｅvｅrything　in my chｉｌdhoｏd　crowded ｉn my mind 　 　　 　 　　 　 (仿佛,仿佛) theｙ had just happened.
28. But　some ｓcientisｔs sａy ｔｈaｔ recoveriｎg　frｏm ｔhis 　 　　　(劫难)　ｗiｌl　ｂe even　ｍorｅ　cｏmpliｃaｔｅｄ.
29． Iｎ a ｗｏrd, we　aｌl　can mａｋe a diffeｒencｅ iｎ 　 　 　 （保护）　ｔｈｅ endａngeｒed spｅciｅs　from ｅｘtinction．
３0． They ａrｅ all Amｅrican　ｈeｒoes　aｎd 　　 （应当得到） ｏur　thanks aｎｄ our rememｂrances.
3１． Ｔhe ｉnterneｔ ｒesouｒces shoulｄ　be made use　oｆ　to 　　 　 (mａｋe wealｔｈy oｒ richer） our liｆe
３2.　The peopｌe　thｅre dｉd not ａｌｌｏw thｅm tｏ 　 　 　 　 （buiｌｄ)　a fａctｏry ｓo ａs nｏｔ tｏ pｏｌｌｕtｅ　the watｅr　in the　rｉveｒ.
33. Helicopters 　　 　 (savｅ) nearlｙ 20 ｐeoｐlｅ ｆrｏm ｔhe roof of tｈe buｒnｉng buｉldiｎg lａｓt night.
34. Ａ ｓad littｌe boy waｓ　 　 　　 　 (ｌoｏkiｎg ｆoｒ )　ｈａｐｐiness　aｎd wａnｔed to meet God.
35. Some ｐatiｅnts 　　 　 (iｎ fａcｔ)gｏt wｏrｓe after　ｒｅcｅiviｎg thｅ treaｔmｅｎt.
(B） Pleasｅ compｌetｅ the foｌlｏwinｇ passａｇe by choosｉng ｔhe besｔ ｏf ｔhe ｆoｕｒ choices markｅｄ Ａ，B,C　and　D ｉn　ｔhe　boxeｓ． (请从方框中给所旳A,B,C,Ｄ四个选项中选出最佳选项完毕下面旳短文。)(答案涂在答题纸上)
Sally is eｉghty-sｉx years old. She ｈas nｏ　sons　　 　３6 　　daｕghtｅrs.　Her　ｈuｓbａnd died ten　years ago. But she diｄn’t ｍｏve iｎtｏ ａ　nursiｎg　ｈｏmｅ.　She woｕld like ｔo 　37 hｅrself eveｒy　daｙ.
Every nｉｇhｔ sｈe ｓpends tｗo hourｓ　 38 　 kｉds wｉth　mａth for　ｔwｅnｔｙ ｙｅars.　All　kids lｉvｉng on ｈeｒ street　can ｇet her　ｈeｌp witｈout　payment（酬劳）.　Shｅ 　 39 a famous mａth teachｅr bｅfore　she rｅｔiｒed（退休) fｒom a miｄｄｌe school.
She　gｅtｓ ｕp early in　ｔhe　morning， then　doｅs sporｔs, ｇｏes sｈｏpｐinｇ ｏr helps cｌeaners　 4０ the　ｓtreet. And shｅ　does　tｈese hａppily.
Wｈen the kｉdｓ　coｍe　foｒ　heｌp, shｅ is alwａys　　 41 　 aｎd trieｓ her bｅst. People ａskeｄ her 42 .　She　said，　“I loｖｅ iｔ. It maｋes　me hａppy tｏ heｌp them.”
She is alwａｙs ｈappｙ eｖｅｒy　day and always says heｌlo　to　peoｐｌｅ　around ｈer 43 a ｓmiｌe.
“ I’vｅ deciｄｅd　to ｌove eｖerｙthinｇ　arouｎd me． Sｏ I’m hapｐｙ　tｏ do 　 44 　. I’m tｈankfuｌ fｏr ｔhoｓe　kｉｄs　 　　45 　　ｃoｍｅ tｏ me ｆor ｈelp. Ｅａch　kｉd　is my　gifｔ. I lovｅ each dａy to　help tｈeｍ．” ｓｈe saｉｄ.
Ｒｅally, ａ ｇoｏd　ｄｅcｉsｉon deciｄed oｎ　wｈat one does ｉn life.
36．　A. anｄ　 B．　or 　 ﻩC. bｕt 　 Ｄ.　sｏ
37． A. ｌoｏｋ　lｉｋe B.　ｌooｋ aｔ 　 　ﻩC. ｌｏｏk ａfter 　　 Ｄ. looｋ for
３８. A． heｌpiｎｇ ﻩB. ｔo ｈelp 　 C． hｅlpｓ D. helｐ
39. A. wａｓ B. iｓ Ｃ. ｈａs been　 　 Ｄ. wｉlｌ bｅ
４0. Ａ. do 　 B. rｕn ﻩC． sweｅp D.　pｌay
41． Ａ． awｆuｌ 　 　 　ﻩB. ｈappy 　 　ﻩC.　ｔｉred D. bｏring
42. Ａ.　why ﻩＢ. whｅｒe ﻩC． ｗhen 　 ﻩD. hｏw
43. Ａ. fｏr B. on　 ﻩC. witｈ 　 ﻩD. in
44. A.　anｙthing 　 B. nｏthｉｎg　 　 C. somｅthing　 ﻩD. everyｔhｉｎｇ
4５.　A.　ｗhat 　　 　 Ｂ. wｈo ﻩC. wｈｉcｈ　 ﻩＤ． whom
Ⅱ　Cｌｏｚe (完形填空) （共15小题:每题1分,计15分)
A) Pｌｅａse　reaｄ tｈe foｌlowing　ｐassａge ａｎd ｆｉlｌ　iｎ the blanks with the pｒｏpｅr　forｍs of 5 ｗｏｒdｓ　ｏｕt　oｆ　tｈe　7 ｇivｅn ｏnes iｎ the bｏｘ　aｃcｏrdiｎｇ　tｏ ｔhｅ cｏnｔext. （请阅读下面旳短文,并根据其内容提醒,从方框中所给旳7个单词中选出5个,并用其合适旳形式填空。) （答案写在答题纸上)
do　 mistaｋｅ explaｉｎ honesｔ us reｆuse
　 Most　pｅople ｈave troｕble　aｄmitting ｔheir own　ｆaults, thｏugh tｈey're　 mｏre 　thａｎ ｈaｐpy ｔo point ｏuｔ eｖeｒyｏｎe elｓｅ's. This ｃaｎ ｂe　 （41）_＿＿___＿_＿．　　Ａfｔｅr alｌ, it＇s ｕsuaｌly wｈeｎ someｏnｅ else telｌs us　thａt　ｗｅ haｖe　dｏne sｏｍetｈing wｒong ｔhat we lｅaｒn　somｅｔhiｎｇ　aboｕt　ouｒsｅlveｓ． Wｈaｔ　we have ｔo do　is take　a deｅｐ breatｈ, anｄ　facｅ up to ｗｈat ｗｅ have doｎe. Rｅｍember,　when iｔ comes tｏ uｎderstandinｇ　(4２) 　 , we'ｒe not on our　ｏwn. Everyoｎe we ｋnow ｌｅnds　a helｐｉnｇ hanｄ! Of ｃourse, doing ｔhe wroｎg ｔhing is easy, but it'ｓ ｗhａt　we do abｏｕｔ our ｍiｓtakes that coｕnｔｓ.　Naturalｌy ｗe　ａre ａll goｏｄ　at　（４3) 　 　to beliｅve that　we have done　anythinｇ wrong at all． As wｅ tｒy to justify our aｃtions， our (44)　　 　 　get moｒe and more Coｍplicateｄ. We try　to convince thｅ ｌisteneｒ thａt wｅ aｒｅ teｌｌinｇ the tｒuth, but　it'ｓ ｏf ｎｏ　use. Tｈｅre＇s no chａｎce at all　thaｔ　ｔhｅy　will bｅlieve us. And　the ｔruth is that　it is ouｒseｌｖes　we　have decｅived　（ 蒙骗 ）, noｔ　ｔhｅm. Thａt＇s the very point　I'm　trying to　mａｋｅ． Whatever yｏu　ｄo，　dｏｎ＇t ｇet ｉntｏ the habit oｆ　ｄｅceiving yourseｌf. What　is　difｆicｕlt　is （45)__＿_＿＿ ａｄmiｔting ｔhat　we are ｗｒong---especially to ｏurseｌves.
B）　　 Ｐleaｓe rｅａd the follｏwinｇ ｐaｓｓａｇe　and fill in eaｃｈ　blank　with　one woｒｄ　iｎ one　of ｔｈｅ folloｗｉｎg ｔhree　wａｙs: ①　bａsed on　thｅ contexｔ; ②usｉｎg　the proper fｏrm ｏf tｈe given wｏrds; ③based on　ｔhe ｇiveｎ lｅtteｒs ｏf thｅ woｒdｓ. (阅读下面旳短文,用如下三种形式之一完毕短文填空:①根据上下文填空;②用所给单词旳对旳形式填空；③根据单词随给首字母填空。每空一词。)　(答案写在答题纸上)
A　diａry is an　indivｉｄuaｌ＇s personａl accｏｕnt oｆ his / heｒ　ｄailｙ experieｎces. Veｒy　often, diaries (４6)　con_____ not just deｔailｓ　ｏｆ whaｔ hapｐened oｎ parｔicular　days, ｂuｔ aｌso　include(47) 　　 　 （oｂｓeｒve)　and thoｕghts insｐｉred bｙ　tｈe　evｅｎts　rｅcoｒｄed.
Iｔ ｉs　very　likelｙ thaｔ maｎy of you hａve trieｄ ｔo kｅep a ｄｉary at　sｏｍｅ　tiｍｅ oｒ other and equallｙ likely ｔhat many of yｏu (４8) 　 　　 ｕｐ. eｉther becaｕsｅ　kｅeｐing ｉt going　bｅｃame too ｍuｃｈ　of a chore　oｒ becａｕｓe you ｆelt　that what you ｗｅrｅ ｒeｃordiｎg　was　of litｔle ｉntｅrest.
（49) Ｈ 　　 , othｅrs　among yoｕ may sｔill be kｅｅｐiｎg ａ ｒｅｇular aｃcoｕnｔ of　ｙouｒ activiｔｉes ｉn　a ｄiary form anｄ　discovｅrｉng ｔｈe valｕe　of　ｂeiｎｇ able to (５0）　ex 　　 your　priｖａte thoｕghts ａnd feｅlinｇｓ， ｋnｏwｉnｇ　that thｅy are noｔ intended ｔo be shared　witｈ anｙｏnｅ eｌsｅ.
Alｔhouｇh ｓome　people, sucｈ　ａs polｉｔicｉans, ｋｅep　diaries　in orｄer ｔo eｘｐlaiｎ　aｎｄ jusｔify their　（5１)_＿_＿__（contrｉbｕte) ｔo　ｉmｐoｒｔant eveｎts　aｎｄ　witｈ ｔhe inｔｅntion that their dｉaｒｉeｓ ｗiｌl onｅ　day　bｅ pｕblisｈeｄ， noｔ　all diaries aｒe　（52）＿＿__＿＿_＿（wrｉte）　 for ｔhiｓ pｕrpoｓe. Moｓt peｏpｌe ｋeｅp 　diarｉes 　ｆoｒ　prｅcｉseｌｙ (恰恰)tｈe (5３） oｐ_____　ｒeason tｈeｙ wａnt whａt tｈeｙ write to　be kept　(54)＿__＿_＿ aｎｄ tｏ be seen　ｂy their eyes　ｏnｌy　becａｕse　ｔheｙ　use theiｒ diaｒiｅｓ as an ｏppoｒtunitｙ to ｅxpｒeｓs　theｉr most intｉmate （秘密旳） thｏughtｓ　and　feeｌiｎｇs ａbout thｅir （5５） exｐ aｎｄ thｅ ｐeople　theｙ ｍｅｅｔ.
ＩＩI. Ｒｅadｉng　Coｍprehｅnｓion（阅读理解）(共２0小题，５6-６0每题1分，61-７5每题2分计35分)
Ｒead ｔｈe following passａｇes.　Each　passａge iｓ fｏlloｗed　bｙ ｓeveraｌ　quesｔionｓ. Ｐlease　respｏnd ｔo the qｕestioｎs　accoｒding tｏ the rｅqｕiｒements　given　aｔ the end of eａch quｅｓtion．(阅读下列短文,每篇短文后设有若干问题，请根据短文后旳规定回答问题）　 (56-58小题大案涂在答题纸上,５９-75小题答案写在答题纸上)
　 　 　　　 　 　 　 A
If　you ask sｏmeｏne　why　he or ｓｈe　weａｒs cloｔhｅｓ, thｅ answeｒ will　proｂably ｂe ＂To ｋeｅp warm and to cover　my boｄy."　Theｓe　arｅ tｈe ｂasｉｃ ｒｅaｓｏｎs clotｈes　are worn,　bｕt people　alsｏ waｎt to look aｔtrａctivｅ　and　appeａr　sucｃｅsｓｆｕl to ｏthers!
　 If ｐeople　onｌy wｏre ｃｌoｔheｓ for　waｒmｔh and tｏ cover thｅｉr　bｏdiｅs, mｏsｔ cloｔhｉng wouｌd be sｉmple　ａnd　cheａp. Ｉn　mosｔ Ｗｅｓtｅrn cｏuntｒieｓ, hoｗever， clotｈing is sｏmｅｔimeｓ very ｅxpｅnsive. Thｅ　mａin reａｓoｎ for tｈｉｓ　ｉs nｏt tｈe cｏst　of the　fabriｃ (布料) or tｈe coｓt of　makiｎｇ　the clｏtｈｅｓ. The　clothes ａrｅ expensｉve becａｕse oｆ fａｓhioｎ. Succeｓｓfuｌ bｕｓinessmｅｎ, fｏｒ　exａmｐle, often　wｅar very　eｘpｅnsive sｕits,　shirtｓ anｄ　ｔieｓ. Sometimes tｈeｙ ｐay ｔｈousaｎds oｆ dｏllａrs ｆor a　ｓｕit　ａnd huｎdreds ｏf dｏllａrs for a tｉe. It＇ｓ still jusｔ　a suit and　tie ｂut they ｐay　theｓe　 prices ｂeｃaｕse　 ｏf　the famｏus namｅ of tｈe ｄｅｓigｎer．　A　suit cosｔing much　less wｏulｄ ｂｅ ｊｕst ａs waｒm ａnd　ｗｏuld　cｏｖer tｈe ｗeareｒ's body　ｊust as ｗeｌl.
Faｓhｉon is ｃonstantly (不停地) chanｇing,　whｉch means thaｔ peｏple wｈo　ｗaｎt to bｅ faｓhｉｏnａbｌｅ haｖe to buy nｅｗ cｌothes every few moｎtｈｓ, evｅn iｆ laｓｔ moｎth'ｓ clｏthes　have onlｙ been　worｎ oncｅ or twicｅ.　Sｏme peｏｐle hａve warｄroｂｅs (衣柜) full　oｆ　clotｈes tｈａt haｖe hａrdly been wｏｒn but ａre no lｏnｇer　in ｆashｉon. Ｂeiｎg fａshionａbｌｅ,　ｔhereｆore, ｃａn　be a　veｒy exｐeｎsｉve pastｉｍe！
　Ｑuestｉoｎs 5６-5８: Choosｅ the besｔ　answer ｆrom A,　B, Ｃ ａnd Ｄ　ａccｏｒｄｉnｇ ｔo the ｐaｓｓage．
５6.　Why do　ｐeｏple wear clｏtheｓ?
　 　 Ａ. Oｎlｙ ｔｏ ｃoｖeｒ　theｍｓeｌves. 　 　 　 B． Ｊust to　maｋe　thｅmｓｅlｖes aｔtractiｖe．
　 C.　Ｊusｔ bｅcａusｅ　of ｆａshion． 　　　 　 D．　For a vａriety　of reasｏns.
５7.　Succｅｓsｆul busｉｎessｍen bｕy very ｅxpensｉvｅ suits ｂｅｃａｕsｅ of　ｔhe_＿_＿_＿_＿.
　 　　 A. cost of　ｔhe faｂrｉc 　 　 　 　 　ﻩﻩＢ. fａmous　nａme　ｏf ｔhｅ ｄｅsｉｇｎｅｒ
　 Ｃ. cost of maｋｉng ｔhem 　 　 　 　ﻩD. good pacｋaｇes
　58.　Accｏｒdinｇ tｏ ｔhｅ　passaｇe, fａｓhiｏnabｌe people hａve　to_______＿.
　　 A. wｅａｒ ｔheir　cｌothes onｌy oncｅ 　 　 　 　 B. ｂuｙ nｅw ｃlothes regularly
C. weａr ｌaｓt mｏｎｔh's clothes 　 　 　 ﻩＤ. buy new　Clotheｓ　onｃe or　twice
Qｕestiｏnｓ　59-60: Decidｅ wｈethｅr thｅ　folloｗing ｓtatｅｍeｎｔｓ aｒe trｕe (Ｔ) oｒ ｆaｌｓe (Ｆ) aｃcording to ｔｈe ｐａssａge.
５9.　Suｃcessｆｕl busｉnesｓmen　ｐaｙ ｔｈｏusａnds　of ｄollars fｏｒ ａ ｔiｅ．
60. Somｅ cｌｏｔhes are no loｎger　iｎ　fasｈion though　thｅy ｈave hardlｙ been worn．
　 　 　 　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　 　 　 　 　 　B
Ｔheｒe're　two　main thiｎgs　ｔhat make aircraft engiｎｅｅring dｉfｆicult:　the nｅed to　make eｖｅry ｐaｒt as rｅliable (可靠旳) as possibｌｅ ａｎd　the neｅｄ to build ｅverything aｓ lｉght ａs ｐoｓsible.
(６1)_______________＿_＿＿__
Givｅn　ａ cerｔａin power of engine ａｎd ａ ceｒｔａin fｕeｌ　ｃonsｕｍｐtｉon （ 消耗 ）, ｔhere iｓ ａ　ｐraｃtiｃal ｌimit　to the tｏtａｌ　weigｈt　of thｅ aiｒcraft　ｔhat ｃａn be　mａdｅ　to　fly. (6２） 　　 　　　 　 　　 　Ｓo the ｓｔruｃture of the aiｒcraft ｈａs to　ｂｅ as ｓmall ａｎd ligｈｔ as saｆety aｎd efｆiｃiｅnｃｙ (效能) will allow．　Tｈｅ　desigｎer muｓt　ｃalcｕlａｔｅ (计算) the normal load (负荷 thaｔ each pａrt will ｂｅaｒ．　Tｈis sｐeciaｌist is called the "sｔresｓ ｍan". Ｈe tａkｅｓ accouｎt oｆ ａny uｎｕsuaｌ stress tｈat　ｍay be puｔ on　tｈe part．
　 The ｓtress mａn's　ｃalｃulations go ｔo　the desｉｇner of　thｅ paｒt, aｎｄ he must　ｍaｋｅ　it as strong　aｓ　tｈe ｓｔress　man ｓayｓ iｓ nｅｃessary. (63) 　　　 　 　 Each sepaｒａte part ｉs teｓted, then ａ　whoｌｅ aｓsｅmｂlｙ （装配)　--for ｅxaｍｐlｅ, a coｍplｅte　wing， and fiｎally tｈｅ　whole aerｏplane. Wｈeｎ　a nｅw tyｐｅ　of aｅrｏplaｎe is beｉng made. norｍａlly　oｎly oｎe ｏf　ｔｈe ｆirｓｔ ｔhree mａde　ｗiｌl be flｏwｎ. Ｔwｏ wｉｌｌ be destroyeｄ oｎ thｅ ground ｉn　stｒuctuｒal　teｓts. (64）_＿__＿_________
　 (65)　 　 　 　 　 Thｅ　ｆirｓt is to find thｅ ｒeｓiｓtaｎce (阻力) to loaｄing of thｅ wings, ｔaｉl, eｔc． untiｌ tｈey rｅach theｉr　largeｓt aｍｏunt ｏf lｏａd and coｌlapse （瓦解). The otheｒ　tｅsｔ is ｆor fatiｇuｅ ( 疲乏 ) ｓtrenｇth. Wｈen a plane has passｅｄ　alｌ ｔhe tests it can gｅt a govｅrｎmｅnｔ　certificaｔｅ (证书) ｏf airwoｒthiness, ｗｉtｈout ｗhich　iｔ　iｓ illegal to fｌy， eｘcept foｒ test flying.
Quesｔiｏｎs 61-6５: Ｃhoose　fｒｏm　ｔhe　sｅnteｎces A－G ｔｏ　comｐｌｅte thｅ　paｓsage. Therｅ　aｒe two　extra ｓeｎtencｅs wｈicｈ　yｏｕ do nｏt neeｄ ｔo use.
Ａ,　Two　kiｎds of ground ｓtｒength　tests　arｅ caｒrｉeｄ ｏut.
Ｂ．　Ｏne　or　two　ｓａmｐles　are　ａlwａys　testｅd to provｅ tｈat they arｅ as　stroｎg as　the desiｇner intenｄed．
C. Eａch ｍａy be ｗelｌ under　what thｅ　structure ｃould stand as　ａ ｓingｌe　ｌoａd， but many rｅpｅtitiｏns ｃan ｒesｕlt in coｌlapｓe.
Ｄ.　Ｔｈe tｈirｄ　ｏne will ｂｅ testeｄ iｎ ｔhe　air.
E. Making the　ｗorkiｎg　paｒts relｉablｅ is　aｓ ｄifｆicuｌt as ｍakinｇ thｅ strucｔｕre stronｇ enough：
F． Thｅ ｆacｔ thａｔ an aerｏｐｌanｅ is up iｎ ｔhe air ａｎｄ　cａnｎｏt　ｓtop　if　anythiｎｇ ｇoes wronｇ, mａｋes　ｉt
　 　 perhａpｓ a mａtｔer oｆ life　or deａｔh　tｈat its performancｅ is　coｍpｌｅｔely dependabｌe．
Ｇ. Ouｔ　ｏf that　weight ａs　much as pｏssｉbｌｅ is wanted ｆor　fuel, radiｏ navigational insｔｒuｍｅnts　(导航设备), pａssenger ｓeａｔs， oｒ ｆreｉｇht　（货品) rｏom,　ａnd, ｏｆ ｃourｓe, tｈe　pasｓｅnｇｅrｓ　or freiｇht ｔｈｅmselves.
C
Aucｔiｏns (拍卖) are pｕblic sales of gｏods, coｎduｃted ｂy an ofｆicｉally　ａｐｐｒoved auctiｏnｅｅr． He　asks tｈe　croｗd　　 　 　 　 　　 　 　 assembled in　ｔhe ａｕction-rｏｏm ｔo makｅ　ｏffers， ｏr "bｉds"，　ｆｏr ｔhe　varioｕs items on　sale． He encｏurａｇeｓ bｕｙｅrs to　bid ｈigher figuｒes, and　finallｙ names the hｉgheｓt biddｅr　as the buyer　of thｅ ｇｏods. This is　callｅd "ｋｎｏcｋｉｎｇ dowｎ" thｅ　goodｓ, for thｅ ｂidding　enｄs　wｈen the auctｉonｅer ｂanｇｓ ａ　ｓmａll hａmmer ｏn a table ａt whiｃh he　stａｎｄs.
　 The anｃient　Ｒomａnｓ proｂably　ｉnventｅd saｌes by aucｔioｎ，　ａｎd tｈｅ　Ｅnglish woｒd　ｃomｅs ｆrｏｍ thｅ　Latin ＂auctio",　meaniｎg "increaｓe". Ｔhe Roｍanｓ usuａlly sold ｉn　tｈｉｓ　ｗay the　spoｉls （战利品]） taken in　war; thｅse saｌes ｗeｒe calleｄ "suｂ ｈasｔa", mｅａnｉng "undeｒ　the　spｅar", ａ　spear beｉｎg　stuck in　tｈｅ gｒｏund as a　ｓignal for　a　ｃｒowd to　ｇathｅｒ．　In Engｌaｎd in　the 1８th ａnd　19ｔh ceｎtｕｒｉｅs goods wｅre often ｓold "bｙ tｈe ｃａndlｅ"：　ａ shｏｒt　caｎdｌｅ　ｗａｓ lit ｂy the ａucｔｉｏneer, ａnｄ bidｓ could be　ｍａde ｗhｉle it stayed alight.
　 　 The aｕctioneer＇s serｖices　ａrｅ pａiｄ for in ｔｈe ｆoｒｍ of a ｐerｃｅntａge of ｔhe ｐｒｉcｅ　tｈｅ ｇｏｏds are sold ｆor. The aｕcｔioneer　tｈｅreｆore has a direct inｔeresｔ in pｕshｉng up thｅ　bidｄｉng　ａs high ａs　poｓsiblｅ．　The ａuｃtiｏｎeer　ｍuｓt know　fａirｌｙ accuraｔely tｈe curｒent markｅt ｖalueｓ of　the goods he iｓ ｓeｌliｎg, ａnd ｈe shoulｄ ｂe acquaｉｎtｅd wｉth　(理解)　regular buyeｒs　of sｕch gｏods. He ｗill also pｌay on the ｒｉvaｌries (竞争) aｍong ｈiｓ ｂuｙeｒs　and　ｓucceｅd iｎ ｇettinｇ ａ high price by enｃoｕｒagｉng two　bｕsinｅｓs coｍpetｉtｏrs　to bｉd agａｉnst each　othｅr.
Questioｎｓ　66－７0: Anｓwｅr tｈe following queｓtｉons　accordｉng to　ｔhe pasｓagｅ.
66. Wｈｏm aｒe ａuctｉonｓ cｏｎｄucted ｂy？

６７.　Ｗｈy　is the end oｆ ｔhe bｉdding ｃａlled "ｋｎocｋing doｗn"?

６8. Ｗhere dｉd iteｍs the Roｍａns ｕｓed　ｔo selｌ by auction ｃｏme frｏｍ？

69． Whaｔ is thｅ ｕsｅ ｏｆ　a　ｃａｎdｌe　ｂurｎｅd aｔ ａuｃｔｉｏｎ ｓales?

７０. How　ａｒe　the ａuctioneer'ｓ serｖices paｉd for?

　　 　　 　　 　　 　 　 　　　 　 　 Ｄ
Ａmｅｒicａns　sｍokｅ six　thoｕsaｎd ｍiｌlion ｃigaｒettｅs　ｅvery- yｅar (１９7０ fiｇｕｒｅs)． Thiｓ is roughly the ｅquｉvaｌent（相称于） ｏf ４，1９5 ciｇaretｔｅｓ　ａ　year for eｖery person in the couｎtrｙ ｏf 18 years of aｇe oｒ mｏrｅ. Ｉt is　eｓtiｍateｄ (估计） that ５１％ of American meｎ　 smoke　 cｏmpared ｗiｔh　34% ｏf Amｅrican ｗoｍen.
Cigａreｔte ｓmｏking is　 ｂelｉｅved 　by mosｔ　resｅaｒch woｒｋerｓ in this fｉelｄ to be an impoｒtant　factｏr in ｔhe dｅｖｅlｏpｍｅnt ｏf　cａncer oｆ thｅ lｕnｇｓ ａｎｄ　ｃａnｃer of the tｈroat． Some comｐetent pｈｙsｉciaｎs anｄ ｒesearｃh wｏrkeｒs-－ｔhoｕgｈ ｔｈeir smaｌl nｕmber　is　ｄwindliｎg　 (减少)　ｅｖen　furｔher--are less suｒe of the　eｆfｅcｔ ｏｆ　cigarettｅ smokｉng ｏｎ heａlｔh． They coｎｓiｄer ｔhｅ　iｎcｒease in rｅsｐｉratory (呼吸道) diseaｓes　and vaｒious fｏrms ｏf　cａncer　may possibｌy ｂe　exｐｌaｉｎed by　other facｔｏｒs in　thｅ comｐlｅx hｕmaｎ ｅnｖirｏnｍｅnt. Grａｄｕalｌy, hｏwever, rｅsｅarch iｓ isｏlａtiｎｇ (使隔离) all otｈer possibｌe faｃtors aｎd　ｐｒoving　tｈｅm to be　statｉｓtｉcalｌｙ　iｒrｅｌevanｔ．
　 　 Ｗhile aｌl ｔobacｃo smoking afｆects life eｘpectaｎcy anｄ ｈealｔh,　ｃigａｒetｔe sｍｏｋｉng　apｐears　tｏ　haｖe a ｍｕｃh greａteｒ effect than ciｇar or ｐｉｐe smoking. Filteｒｓ aｎｄ loｗ tar (焦油) ｔobaｃcｏ are　claｉmed ｔo mａke　sｍoking ｔo ｓｏｍｅ　extent　sａｆer, but ｔhey　can ｏnly maｒgiｎａlｌy (略微) reｄuce, not　eｌiminａte (消除）， thｅ　hazards (危险）.
Queｓｔiｏｎｓ 71-７5: