2023版高考英语二轮复习高考题型重组练十.doc

高考题型重组练(十)　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2023·重庆一中月考(三)]Finland is the happiest place on Earth, according to the World Happiness Report 2023 of 156 countries.
The report, released on Wednesday by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, ranks the countries of the world based on six different categories of well­being: income, freedom, trust, healthy life expectancy, generosity and social support. This year's report also pays special attention to the happiness of each country's immigrants.
The U．S. dropped four spots from 2023 and landed in 18th place. And last year's winner, Norway, came in second place — followed by Denmark, Iceland and Switzerland.
“The top five countries all have almost equally high values for the six factors found to support happiness, and four of these countries — Denmark, Switzerland, Norway and now Finland — have been in first place in the six World Happiness Report rankings since the first report in 2023〞， co­editor John Helliwell told CNN. “In a division with such excellent teams, changes in the top spot are to be expected.〞
Rounding out the top 10 happiest countries was Canada in seventh place, then New Zealand, Sweden and Australia. The order of the top 10 countries changed from the 2023 list but the countries did not, according to the report. They were also 10 of the 11 top spots in the immigrant happiness category (including Mexico — 24th overall, but 10th in immigration)．
“The most striking finding of the report is the remarkable consistency between the happiness of the immigrants and the locally­born，〞 Helliwell said in a statement. “Although immigrants come from countries with very different levels of happiness, their reported life evaluations resemble those of other residents in their new countries. Those who move to happier countries gain, while those who move to less happy countries lose.〞
Other major world powers were placed in significantly low spots on the list. Germany came in 15th, the U．K. was 19th — followed by Japan in 54th place, Russia in 59th and China in 86th.
The report, based on surveys completed by citizen volunteers, came just under a week before the International Day of Happiness on March 20, when the U．N. declared to recognize “the relevance of happiness and well­being as universal goals and aspirations in the lives of human beings around the world and the importance of their recognition in public policy objectives〞．
体裁：说明文　题材：介绍说明　主题：阐述2023年?世界幸福报告?
【语篇解读】　2023年?世界幸福报告?基于六项不同类别的幸福因素对世界各国的幸福指数进行了排名，而且还特别关注了移民的幸福指数，其中芬兰的幸福指数最高。
1．Which place did the U．S. rank in the World Happiness Report 2023?
A．14th. B．10th.
C．18th. D．22nd.
答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The U．S. dropped four spots from 2023 and landed in 18th place.〞可知，在2023年的世界幸福指数排名中，美国排在第18位，比2023年的排名下降了4位，这说明2023年美国排在第14位。应选A项。
2．What is the most significant finding of the report?
A．That immigrants are different from residents in their new countries.
B．That immigrants come from countries with different levels of happiness.
C．That immigrants become happy when they move to other countries.
D．That immigrants and locals feel the similar level of happiness.
答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“The most striking finding of the report is the remarkable consistency between the happiness of the immigrants and the locally­born〞可知，这份报告中最明显的发现是，移民的幸福指数和当地人的幸福指数相似。应选D项。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Happiness is no less important than any other aspect in life.
B．People's happiness and well­being should be considered when it comes to policy­making.
C．The happiness report came under a week before the International Day of Happiness.
D．What the U．N. declared was beneficial to all human beings.
答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“the importance of their recognition in public policy objectives〞可推知，制定公共政策要考虑到人的幸福。应选B项。
4．What is the best title of the passage?
A．The International Day of Happiness
B．Happiness — Forever Pursuit
C．What's Your Happiness Index (指数)
D．The World Happiness Report 2023
答案与解析：D　考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Finland is the happiest place on Earth, according to the World Happiness Report 2023 of 156 countries.〞及后文可知，本文通篇都在讨论2023年?世界幸福报告?。应选D项。
长难句分析：The report, based on surveys completed by citizen volunteers, came just under a week before the International Day of Happiness on March 20, when the U．N. declared to recognize “the relevance of happiness and well­being as universal goals and aspirations in the lives of human beings around the world and the importance of their recognition in public policy objectives〞．
句式分析：本句主干为The report came just under a week。based on surveys completed by citizen volunteers为过去分词短语作定语，修饰主语The report; when the U．N. declared to recognize...为when引导的时间状语从句。
句意：这份根据公民志愿者完成的调查得出的报告在3月20日国际幸福日之前不到一周的时间内发布。联合国在国际幸福日宣布成认“幸福和福祉是世界人类生活中的普遍目标和期望，在公共政策目标中对此予以成认具有重要意义〞。
B
[2023·陕西省联考]Have you ever caught yourself saying“I hate small talk！〞 the minute you walk into a party? If so, you might be an introvert (内向的人). Introverts hate to chat about “small〞 subjects with people. They are fine when you talk one­on­one but seem to get lost in the crowd when there's a group around.
If you're talking to an introvert, you might find that your first few conversations go one of two ways. Either they'll seem to get bored and not say much or they'll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in­depth topics. What you need to know is that the introvert are not being rude. It's just that they don't like small talk. Here's why.
Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conversations. Some introverts don't realize that small talk will actually help them get to the bigger topics. You don't need to stay on small talk forever. However, sometimes introverts feel that even the short amount of time it takes to get into the real conversation is a waste of time. Small talk is very fast. Someone says something and this should be followed up with a quick response. But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud. Before they answer, they'll mull_over different thoughts.
Small talk in its very nature invites more people to join in. The more people who join the conversation, the more the introvert will tend to step back. As a result, they'll be quiet.
Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest.
The listening involved with small talk is not in­depth. The purpose is about listening “lightly〞 so you can figure out the right topics to spend some time on. Introverts tend to be great listeners, but they use active listening rather than light listening. This makes them wonderful friends, but can also make it difficult for new people to understand why they're so quiet.
体裁：说明文　题材：人际关系　主题：理解内向的人
【语篇解读】　文章介绍了内向的人不喜欢闲聊及其原因，引导我们正确地认识闲聊的作用并理解内向的人。
5．How do introverts respond to a chat?
A．They try to avoid it.
B．They get excited about it.
C．They give it their full attention.
D．They focus on unimportant topics.
答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Either they'll seem to get bored and not say much or they'll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in­depth topics.〞可知，性格内向者要么很厌烦不想多说，要么防止闲谈。应选A项。
6．What do we know about small talk?
A．It goes slowly.
B．It costs people a lot of time.
C．It contributes to deeper topics.
D．It provides much useful information.
答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conversations. Some introverts don't realize that small talk will actually help them get to the bigger topics.〞可知，闲聊有助于引出更深层次的话题。应选C项。
7．What does the underlined phrase “mull over〞 in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Give up. B．Think over.
C．Write down. D．Forget about.
答案与解析：B　考查词义猜想。根据第三段中的“But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud.〞可知，内向的人喜欢在说话前仔细斟酌，也就是说，他们答复前会仔细考虑不同的想法。think over意为“认真考虑〞，符合语境。give up意为“放弃〞；write down意为“写下，记下〞；forget about意为“忘记〞。应选B项。
8．How can we become a good talker in small conversations?
A．Figure out the deep meaning of questions.
B．Think twice before answering questions.
C．Try to find shared topics.
D．Be a quiet listener.
答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest.〞可知，要想成为一个健谈的人，就需要找到共同的话题。应选C项。
长难句分析：However, sometimes introverts feel that even the short amount of time it takes to get into the real conversation is a waste of time.
句式分析：本句为主从复合句，句子主语为introverts，feel是谓语，that引导宾语从句作feel的宾语；宾语从句中，the short amount of time is a waste of time是句子主干，it takes to get into the real conversation是定语从句，修饰先行词the short amount of time，从句中省略了引导词。
句意：然而，有时候性格内向者感觉甚至用很短的时间来进入真正的谈话都是浪费时间。
Ⅱ.七选五
[2023·安徽五校联盟第二次检测]
How to Grow Organic Potatoes in Containers
A homegrown potato that has just been dug out of the soil is an amazing treat. Like tomatoes, the taste of fresh potatoes is different from that of those bought in the store. By growing your own, you also have the opportunity to plant unusual varieties. __1__.
Prepare potatoes for growing. Cut the potatoes before planting. If your potatoes are small, you can simply plant them. When you cut your potatoes, make sure you have at least two eyes on each piece. __2__. Most of us have no idea how heavy 50 grams is and there's no need to weigh it, just use your best guess.
Water your newly planted potatoes well. Check the container at least once a day. __3__. If it feels dry, it's time to water. If it's very hot or windy, you may have to water your potato container gardens more than once a day. Make sure to water deeply by waiting until water runs out the bottom.
Hill your potatoes as they grow. __4__， you need to hill them in case they will break. This is done by adding a couple of inches of soil around your potato plants. Be careful not to break the plants in the process. Repeat the hilling process a few more times as your plants grow. You can also stop once the soil reaches the top of your container.
__5__. After the plants have flowered, you can dig out your potatoes to eat. You can pull out a few potatoes at a time. You can also wait until the plants turn yellow and then harvest all of the potatoes at once.
A．If your potato plants are too short
B．Harvest your homegrown potatoes
C．Water your potatoes whenever the soil is dry
D．Stick your finger at least an inch into the soil
E．Below are some tips for growing your own potatoes
F．Once your potato plants have grown about six inches
G．It's also recommended that each weighs at least 50 grams
体裁：说明文　题材：日常生活　主题：在家里种植马铃薯
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在家种马铃薯的方法，包括选种、浇水、培土和收获。
1．答案与解析：E　根据该空所在的位置可知，该空为承上启下的句子；由空处下文可知，下文介绍的是在家里种植马铃薯的方法，故E项符合语境。
2．答案与解析：G　根据空后一句可知，我们大局部人都不知道50克有多重，也不需要去称重。据此可推知，空处应是关于每块马铃薯的重量，故G项符合语境。G项中的“50 grams〞也是提示。
3．答案与解析：D　根据空后一句“If it feels dry, it's time to water〞可知，如果它摸起来干，就该是浇水的时候了。据此可推知，空处应是介绍感知土壤干湿的方法，故D项符合语境。
4．答案与解析：F　根据该句中的“you need to hill them in case they will break〞可知，培土是为了防止其断掉。据此可推知，空处应是介绍培土的时机，故F项符合语境，衔接下文。
5．答案与解析：B　根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合空处下文内容可知，该段主要介绍了收获马铃薯的时间，故B项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
[2023·衡水中学高三七调考试]Blue whales are not fish! They are marine mammals. This means they are warm­blooded and the females produce milk __1__ (feed) their babies.
__2__ (have) the honor of being the world's largest animal, adult blue whales can grow to 30 meters long, with the female usually a little longer than the male, __3__ (weigh) about 170 tons. These sea creatures have some huge body __4__ (part). Their hearts, for example, are about 1.5 meters long, 1.2 meters wide and 1.5 meters tall. Their tongues weigh about 2.7 tons — the weight of a small elephant. Not __5__ (surprising), blue whales have large appetites. __6__ is usual for a blue whale to eat fish in large quantities — around 40 million in a day.
In the past, blue whales were hunted __7__ their meat and their oil. Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early __8__ (twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia __9__ (limit) in 1987. Today, most countries strongly disapprove of whaling, including the very country — Australia __10__ now supports an anti­whaling policy.
体裁：说明文　题材：环境与自然　主题：鲸鱼的特征及保护
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了鲸鱼的一些习性特征，并提及大多数国家开始重视对鲸鱼的保护。
1．答案与解析：to feed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，从句谓语动词为are和produce，feed与其之间无连词连接，因此本空应为不定式作目的状语。句意为：这意味着它们是温血动物，并且雌性鲸鱼会产奶来喂养它们的孩子。故填to feed。
2．答案与解析：Having　考查非谓语动词。设空处与can grow之间无连词连接，且have与adult blue whales之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。句意为：拥有世界上最大的动物这一美誉，成年蓝鲸能长到30米长……，故填Having。
3．答案与解析：weighing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语，修饰前面的the female，且the female与weigh之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词。句意为：……雌性鲸鱼通常比雄性鲸鱼体形稍长一些，体重大约170吨。故填weighing。
4．答案与解析：parts　考查名词单复数。句意为：这些海洋生物有一些巨大的身体部位。此处part为可数名词，其前有some修饰，应为复数形式。故填parts。
5．答案与解析：surprisingly　考查词性转换。句意为：蓝鲸有很大的胃口，这缺乏为奇。Not surprisingly在句中作状语，应用副词形式。故填surprisingly。
6．答案与解析：It　考查代词。句意为：蓝鲸每天吃大量的鱼，大约每天吃4,000万条，这是很平常的。It在句中作形式主语，故填It。
7．答案与解析：for　考查介词。句意为：过去，人们为了蓝鲸身上的肉和油而捕杀它们。设空处在句中表目的，故填for。
8．答案与解析：twentieth　考查数词。句意为：在19世纪和20世纪早期，捕鲸是澳大利亚的主要产业……表示“在……世纪〞时，通常用序数词，故填twentieth。
快解：根据前面的nineteenth也可判断应填序数词。
9．答案与解析：was limited　考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：……但是在1987年，澳大利亚的捕鲸业被限制了。设空处的动作发生在过去，且whaling与limit之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was limited。
10．答案与解析：that　考查定语从句。句意为：如今，大多数国家强烈反对捕鲸，就连澳大利亚，现在也支持反捕鲸政策。此空引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，因先行词country被the very修饰，所以只能用that引导，故填that。
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