高考英语艺体生百日突围系列专题21阅读填空.doc

专题21 阅读填空
题型特点
1.文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。
2.考查对文章的结构的了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
解题方法
通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。
步骤一：通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因 为•开门见山”与•结尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式—呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的 了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为•结尾总结:式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段 与末段的提示作用。
步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
　　文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。
　　步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
　　在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
　　步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 
　　在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。
体验高考
【2014·北京卷】（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information
Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Resonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determin whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 73
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense. Ifa report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).
75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
A. Make choice that are right for you.
B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original research.
E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
【答案】
【小题1】G
【小题2】D
【小题3】F
【小题4】B
【小题5】A
【小题2】D考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据关键词定位可知，本段的关键词是：original source。只有D选项一致。
【小题3】F考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据上文举例，如：contribute to，associated with可知，要注意解释的欺骗性。故选F。
【小题4】B考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据上文报道似乎很真实，就是为了诱导你买东西。故选B。
【小题5】A考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。最后总结做出适合你的选择，朋友和家人是主意的好的来源。
考点：考查语境理解及逻辑推理
【2014·辽宁卷】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡
上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
· Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
· Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.
37
Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
· 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
· Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
【答案】
【小题1】B
【小题2】C
【小题3】G
【小题4】A
【小题5】F
【小题2】考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.不管什么季节，戴太阳镜都是非常重要的，可知：它们可以适当的保护你的眼睛，所以答案是C。
【小题3】考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.三分之二的美国人每天花7个小时使用电脑和其他数字产品，可知：这个频繁的视力活动会增加眼睛疲劳的危险，所以答案是G。
【小题4】考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据下文的句子：As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.作为健康饮食，每天要多吃蔬菜和水果，可知：多吃绿色的食品，所以答案是A。
考点：考查信息匹配--健康类短文
【2014·全国新课标I】（共3小题，每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The jobs of the future have not been invented, 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 
1. Curiosity 
Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time? 
2. Creativity 
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity. 
3. Interpersonal Skills 
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she is crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”
4. Self Expression 
40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ¡ª music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. 
A. Encourage kids to cook with you. 
B. And we can’t forget science education. 
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. 
D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? 
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. 
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. 
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】A
【小题3】C
【小题4】F
【小题5】G
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。如何帮助孩子发展他们的技能。一是培养孩子的好奇心。二是培养孩子的创造力。三是培养孩子的交际技能。四是要学会表达自己的思想和想法。
【小题2】A 考查上下文的语境理解。根据What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out.可知下文叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好。所以上句应该鼓励孩子和你做饭，故选A。
【小题3】C 考查上下文的语境理解。根据True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it可知上文叙述的是培养孩子的创造力，给他们一些材料，然后从这些材料中创造出新的东西。所以下文应该是我们给孩子提供机会用新的方式来使用这些材料。选项C符合语境，故选C。
【小题4】F考查上下文的语境理解。根据下文可知是问孩子怎样判断人的情感。所以上句应该是我们在真实生活的做法及在故事中的人物一些问题。故选F。
考点：信息匹配。
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for cooking on a tight schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. __36__ Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：
1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? __37__
2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? __38__ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3. __39__ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good start. __40__ And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A. Try new things.
B. Ability is easily improved.
C. Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your food better.
E. Cooking is a burden for many people.
F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在忙碌的生活中享受烹调的乐趣的几条具体的建议，如提前做好规划，一次多做点，尝试一些新鲜的做法等。
36. B　根据第一句中的ability, money and time可知人们不经常做饭有三个原因。下文的“Money is a topic I'll save for another day.”和“…about how to make the most of the time…”谈及money和time，故本句谈的是ability的话题。故B符合上下文语境。
38. C　根据“It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.”可知一次再多做一点(与少做一点相比)花的时间差不多，再根据最后一句“So save yourself the effort for a future meal.”可知一次多做一点还可以为未来节省精力。故作者建议我们一次要多做一些，让我们的时间更有价值。故C正确。
39. A　根据本段中的“It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.”可知它给了“我们”新的想法，新的菜谱。故作者在本段里建议我们要尝试新鲜事物。故A正确。
40. F　作者建议我们在忙碌的生活里找到做饭的时间，因为做饭可以给我们带来很多的快乐。根据下文“…don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live！”可知，本句是指要让做饭成为生活中快乐的事情而不是负担。故F项符合上下文语境。
模拟新题精选
1.【2015·东北三校第一次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you struggle with business writing? Are teams and individuals asking for help with their business writing skills? 36 Since 1990,we have been helping employees and managers write better.
Everything written in business reflects the image of the company and the writer. 37 This means organizing ideas well, checking that the language is accurate and that the presentation is professional. Writing successfully is always the result of careful planning.
Before you start writing, you need to decide why you are writing and what you hope to achieve. This will help you decide what to include in your writing and whether to write an e-mail, a letter or perhaps a report.
Meanwhile, think about readers. 38 The structure of what you write can guide readers and help them understand the content of your writing so that they can respond.
While you are writing, you need to think about how you organize your ideas. Writing a report may involve presenting data and linking complex ideas; writing a memo (备忘录) may involve describing a situation and dealing with ways of improving it. You need to understand how to construct paragraphs. 39
After you have finished writing comes the very important process of revising, checking and correcting.
40 You will find plenty of useful information about effective business writing. In our courses, participants get tools, tips, techniques, job aids, and follow-up resources to help them write better.
A. Contact us.
B. Assess your skills here.
C. It will help you choose appropriate structures.
D. A range of words can be used to link your ideas.
E. Spelling mistakes should be checked and corrected.
F. So it is very important that writing is done to the highest standards.
G. Here comes the good news.
【答案】
【小题1】G
【小题2】F
【小题3】C
【小题4】D
【小题5】A
【小题1】考查上下文的语境理解能力。空前一句的意思是：你还在纠结于商务写作吗？无论是团队还是个人需要商务写作方面的技巧吗？空后一句的意思是：1990 年以来，我们一直在帮助员工和经理写得更好。所以选G（好消息来了。）与前后一致 。
【小题2】考查上下文的语境理解能力。空前一句的意思是：商务写作反映了公司和作者的形象。空后的意思是：这意味着组织的想法要好，语言要准确和演示文稿要专业。成功的写作始终是仔细规划的结果。所以选F（用最高的水平写作，这很重要。）与前后一致 。
【小题3】考查上下文的语境理解能力。空前提到要想一想写作的目的和读者，空后提到：你写的东西的结构可以引导读者，并帮助他们了解你的写作，以便他们可以作出响应的内容。所以选C项（这会帮助你选择恰当的结构。）前后意思一致。
【小题5】考查上下文的语境理解能力。根据本段的中心内容，和空后提到：你会发现很多有效的商务写作有关的有用信息。在我们的课程中，参与者获得工具、 技巧、 技术、 工作辅助工具和后续的资源来帮助他们写得更好。可知，选A(联系我们。) 意思一致。
2.【河北省邯郸市2015届高三上学期1月份教学质量检测】
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This is the season for giving. Looking to get in touch with your generous side? Learn these four habits of truly thoughtful gift givers.
1. 36
Considerate gift giving is as much about planning as it is about how well you know the person. Take time to think about his or her personality and interests to figure out how he or she will get the most value.
2. They don’t focus on cost.
The practice of thoughtful giving offers a wealth of benefits, but that doesn’t mean givers should focus on expensive gifts. 37 It seems that having more cash could actually reduce compassion(同情). And isn’t compassion what this time of year is all about? So don’t take it too hard if you don’t have a lot to spend. 38
3. They make gifts personal.
Gifting is an opportunity to let a person know how much you appreciate and love him, and show how well you know him. 39 Book a massage (按摩), take them to a wine tasting event, or get a couple of tickets to a concert or show. If you’re buying for a parent, taking their kids for an evening could be the best gift of all.
4. They think about the presentation.
40 See what you have around your house to customize (自定义) packaging. You can use pretty towels to cover something like a bottle of wine. You can also tie on a decoration that fits the theme of your gift.
A. They plan ahead.
B. Instea