2021年托福写作真题题目.docx

托福写作真题题目：
　　1月9日托福独立写作范文
　　Some people think it is the best approach for students to learn if school start the day at a early time in the morning. But someone think the school should start the day at late time. Which one do you prefer?Use specific reasons and detailed examples to support your answer.
(一)　　
　　Many schools are planning to postpone the first class in the morning for less lateness and better educating quality. However，the schedule of late classes will cultivate students’ indolence，and pose many other negative effects. As a result，starting class late would not effectively reduce the rate of lateness and cannot secure the educating efficacy.
　　Firstly，early classes in the morning will force the students to keep a disciplined life style. In order to attend the first class，students have to get up early in the morning. This habit brings many benefits. For example，young people will live a much healthier life. Keeping the schedule in mind，they would no longer dally at night before sleep，and save their time in the morning. Then，they can have a good rest in the evening and keep themselves energetic at daytime. Besides，they could also shape many of their excellent characteristics，like self-discipline or persistence. Leaving the cozy bed requires a powerful willpower when we start a new day，and doing this every day asks for a strong self-control. Both of these virtues are keys to success. And one of the well-known，Kobe Bryant，is a beneficiary of starting his day early in the morning. He once gave his secret to become the MVP in the basketball playground. It was his getting up early in the 4 AM that contributes him. In conclusion，both physical and psychological benefits can be gained by the disciplined life style led by the early classes.
　　In addition，early start in the morning also leaves more extracurricular time for students. Earlier starting class generally results in earlier off-class. More spare time after class enables students to conduct other activities，such as further exploring in study，deepening their interests or doing some other activities. Those activities would help students to improve themselves. In spare time，students can do some practical experiments to apply knowledge into practice，which allow them to have in-depth understanding in knowledge learnt in class. Students would be also capable of learning instrument，painting or doing sports with abundant of time after class. Those extracurricular activities help students to achieve complete development. Obviously，earlier start in the morning means a longer day，providing more spare time for students to enrich their life and promote themselves in learning.
　　Late classes，to a degree，may lower the absence rate at the beginning. This is because that students do not need to be hurry in the morning，especially for those who cannot get up early. In the long run，however，the original purpose cannot be realized effectively. The allowance of starting class later would indulge the bad habits of procrastination. Some students will tend to put off all tasks late at night，if they do not need to get up early. Staying up later would in turn make students get up later. This is a vicious circle. As a result，students’ biological clock will be re-adjusted，making it harder for them to get up on time. Therefore，the absence rate would be decreased again.
　　In summary，compared to making classes late in the morning，starting the day early would bring many benefits in learning. Students would be able to maintain a healthy life physically and mentally，and to explore in study，all of which contribute to a higher quality of learning.

　（二）
　　In the contemporary society，the length of study time on the part of students has become one of the most hottly debated issue among the general public. When it comes to whether students should be required to arrive school at the early time in the morning，people’s notions may vary from one to another. In my eyes，starting school day at a late time is a better choice for the following reasons.
　　To begin with，arriving school at the late time will ensure students have a good rest and thus contributes to the improvement of their study efficiency. As is common sense，the increasingly heavy study burden on the shoulder of students has squeezed their leisure time so much that their sleeping time cannot be guaranteed. As a result，with the implementation of starting school day in a late time，the quality of their rest will be improved，with the consequence that their attention will be more concentrated in class. On the contrary，shortening their rest time by requesting students begin class early will definitely produce a negative effect on their study. To be specific，it will be common to observe that students feel so sleepy as to have a short nap during the class.
　　In addition，students who start school day in a late time will obviously avoid being stuck in traffic jam and thus have a better mood in the morning. Undoubtedly，under the drive of a cheerful frame of mind，children will raise their efficiency of study to a large extent. The experience of my cousin，Tom，can serve as a good example to shed some lights on the above reasoning. Tom，a student in a middle school of Beijing，used to be required to arrive school at 8 a.m. every morning in order to prepare better for the National Examination of College Admission. However，the problem is that according to the regulations of most companies，employees also have to start work at 8 a.m. Therefore，it is not hard to imagine that the subways，buses and taxis are crowded with people in the morning. According to Tom’s recounting，no one will feel good after such a experience，let alone immediately devoting him/herself to study.
Taking what has been discussed into consideration，we can draw the conclusion that it is wise to require student to arrive school at a late time in the morining，in order to ensure the quality of their rest and develop a light heart.

（三）
　　Have you experienced struggling with your pillow every morning?Have you ever choked with the traffic jams in the rush hour?Have you ever felt sleepy in the first class?No matter what scientific evidence shows us the advantages of having class early，there is a new research from Mark Fischettiof Scientific America convince us that students' efficiency can be improved by going to school later. I totally agree with the statement for it’s beneficial for both of students and teachers.
　　First，students' efficiency can be elevated. Under the excessive burden，students always stay up late and that’s why their sleep time has been shrunk. If they are forced to get up early，their whole day will be windy. Thus，students would waste the most substantial content of study，nevertheless，students would be more fresh and have concentrations on the class. According to Kyla Wahlstrom，director of the Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement at the University of Minnesota. She made a research in Minnesota February that tracked 9000 students in eight public high schools in Minnesota，Colorado and Wyoming. After one semester，when school began at 8:35 a.m. or later，grades earned in math，English，science and social studies typically rose a quarter step—for example，up halfway from B to B+. This conclusion perfectly convinces everyone that students should get up later.
　　Second，we should follow students' biological system. Adolescents' physiology has greatly altered from their childhood because of melatonin. The later the delay，the greater the payoff.Following their biological change can make them healthy and wealthy. Take me as an example，as a teacher，most of my students would like to finish their homework and chat with friend until the mid night. They can't control their biological clock，which makes they fell very sleepy in the first class. Moreover the rate of being on duty is lower compared with other time periods.
　　Third，traffic problems can be released. One should know that big cities have the traffic jams all the time，which makes students choked with the road and can’t get rid of it. Moreover，students who live far away from the school are hurry to get catch up with the early classes. If schools postpone their time to be later，it will help them stagger the rush time of traffic. Nevertheless，students would start their study restlessly，which influences their mood not mention to the study efficiency. A study in from California public schools shows that students can avoid transportation problems by changing their class time. What’ more，their literature and math scores are higher on the average.
　　To conclude，getting up early and attend class are good for both of students and teachers. I suggest that school should postpone their class time and improve students‘efficiency.

素材补充：(Mark Fischetti/文，IvyP/译)咱们均有过早上起来与被窝作斗争，最后不得不睡眼惺忪地去上学经历。这种现象可不是中华人民共和国特有——大洋对岸美国家长、学生尚有教师们也时常争论，中学上学时间是不是太早了。而在过去3年间有越来越多研究表白，推迟上学时间有助提高学习效果，并且上学时间越晚越好。
　　生物学研究显示，人在幼童时期倾向于早睡早起;而当人步入青少年时期后，昼夜节律会发生变化，导致青少年睡得更晚，起得也更晚。这种变化是由大脑内褪黑素变化引起，这一过程大概开始于13岁，在15到16岁明显增强，而在17到19岁时达到高峰。
　　那么这个现象会对学习效果产生影响吗?依照明尼苏达大学应用研究与教诲改进中心主任凯拉·瓦尔斯特隆今年2月刊登论文，答案是必定。她跟踪调查了在明尼苏达州、科罗拉多州和怀俄明州8所公立中学里就读9000多名学生。成果发现，如果上学时间调节到早上8：35或者更晚，一种学期之后，学生们数学、英语、科学和社会学成绩普遍提高了1/4个级别，例如从B提高到了B与B+中间位置。
　　另有两篇由瓦尔斯特隆评议但尚未刊登研究论文也获得了相似结论。在美国空军学院进行一项对照实验也验证了这一结论，由于在大学一年级时不同组学员开始上学时间不同。此外，一项研究显示，由于交通问题导致北卡罗来纳州不同地区学校上学时间不同，成果上学时间较晚学校，学生数学和阅读成绩较高。尚有其他研究表白，推迟上学时间可以提高出勤率，以及减少青少年抑郁和交通事故发生率。这些都由于晚点上课可以让青少年获得更充分睡眠。
　　多项研究表白，与把上学时间从早上7:15调到7:45学校相比，上学时间从7:30改为8:00学校里学生学习成绩有更大幅度提高。来自巴西、意大利和以色列研究也获得了相似结论。之因此上学时间推迟会获得这些好处，其核心是青少年保证了至少8个小时充分睡眠，而如果能达到9小时就更好了。相比之下，在欧洲，很少有中学会在上午9点此前开始上课。
　　不支持推迟上学时间人们曾紧张这样会影响学生正常作息。但是成果表白，学生们在进行课余活动或是兼职工作时，并没有受到上学时间变化影响。研究成果甚至对校车接送问题也提供了更好解决办法。许多学校都是先接中学生上学，然后再接小学生，而将这一顺序调换可以让高中生们上学时间推迟。这样做除了可以让她们受益之外，对她们弟弟妹妹们也有好处——有研究表白幼儿在上午更苏醒，更乐意学习。