四级短对话真题里的虚拟语气.doc

四级短对话真题里的虚拟语气：If things were to be twice, all would be wise. 假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成聪明人。---《读名言学语法》，朱奎，群言出版社，2005，P31, 13:12
四级短对话真题里的虚拟语气
——循序而渐进，熟读而精思。《中华圣贤经》，山湖纪人，海天出版社，2006，P58

【注】① 2002年6月至2011年12月，音频位置以新东方版本为标准；2012年6月至2014年6月，以星火版本为标准; 2012年6月至2014年6月，以星火版本为标准。
② 五号字，行间距20磅，上下左右页边距2.1时，页面显示更整齐。

Outline
I. If 从句假设过去
II. If 从句假设现在和将来
III. 词组表示隐含条件
IV. I wish
V. If only
VI. If 从句 错综时间：从句指过去，主句表现在
VII. 特殊词组：I’d rather
VIII. 名词性从句表示建议要求等
IX. 附：我的《塑造完美语音》讲义中相关的第4部分
X. 含有虚拟语气的名言——《读名言学语法》，朱奎，群言出版社，2005

I. If从句假设过去

§ e.g. (1) 2013年06月(第2套)
6.【5:40】A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.
B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.
C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.
D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.
6.【5:40】M: I’ve heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes in her lab report.
W: Well, she wouldn’t have if she hadn’t been in such a hurry to get it done.
Q: What does the woman imply?【D. Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.】
【注意四级听力重复出现的人名：2003年9月Passage One，音频位置新东方版8:01~9:50】
      Pamela Royal and her partner, Edith Clark, are the owners of the Sea View Hotel in Brighton.

II. If从句假设现在和将来

§ e.g. (2) 2005年6月（=星火版2013年6月第3套，“由往年真题听力优化而来”）
2.【2:01】A) Take the ring to the administration building. C) Wait for the owner of the ring in the restroom.
B) Give the ring to a policeman. D) Hand in the ring to the security office.
2.【2:01】W: I found an expensive diamond ring in the restroom this morning.
M: If I were you, I’d turn it into the security office. It is behind the administration building.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 【D. Hand in the ring to the security office.】

§ e.g. (3) 2005年12月24日（=2006年1月）
8【6:31】A) Priority should be given to listening.
B) It’s most helpful to read English newspapers every day.
C) It’s more effective to combine listening with reading.
D) Reading should come before listening.
8.【6:31】W: In my opinion, watching the news on TV is a good way to learn English. What do you think?
M: It would be better if you could check the same information in English newspapers afterwards.
Q: What does the man say about learning English?
【C. It’s more effective to combine listening with reading.】

§ e.g. (4) 2007年12月
13.【2:27】A) Teaching her son by herself.　　 C) Asking the teacher for extra help.
B) Having confidence in her son.　　 D) Telling her son not to worry.
13.【2:27】W: What would you do if you were in my place?
　M: If Paul were my son, I’d just not worry. Now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he's working hard himself, he’s sure to do well in the next exam.
　Q: What’s the man’s suggestion to the woman? 【B. Having confidence in her son.】

§ e.g. (5) 2011年6月
18.【4:53】A) A computer game. C) An exciting experience.
B) An imaginary situation. D) A vacation by the sea.
18.【4:53】M: Jane, suppose you lost all your money while taking a vacation overseas, what would you do?
W: Well, I guess I'd sell my watch or computer or do some odd jobs till I could afford a return plane ticket.
Q: What are the speakers talking about? 【B. An imaginary situation.】

III. 词组表示隐含条件

§ e.g. (6) 2010年6月
17.【4:42】A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures.
　　 B) Few students meet Prof. Jonson's requirements.
　　 C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.
　　 D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class.
17.【4:42】W: You’re taking a course with Professor Johnson. What’s your impression so far?
M: Well, many students could hardly stay awake in his class without first drinking a cup of coffee.
Q: What does the man imply?
【C. Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.】

§ e.g. (7) 2014年6月（第1套）
5.【3:02】A) He doesn’t get on with the others. C) He has been taken for a fool.
B) He doesn’t feel at ease in the firm. D) He has found a better position.
5.【3:02】W: Rod, I hear you’ll be leaving at the end of this month. Is it true?
M: Yeah. I’ve been offered a much better position with another firm. I’d be a fool to turn it down.
Q: Why is the man quitting his job? 【D. He has found a better position.】

§ e.g. (8) 2010年6月（=星火版2014年6月第3套，“由往年真题听力优化而来”）
12.【1:39】A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.　
B) The man should buy a car of his own.
　　 C) The man needn't go shopping every week.
D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.
12.【1:39】M: Do you think I could borrow your car to go grocery shopping? The supermarkets outside the city are so much cheaper. I’d also be happy to pick up anything you need.
W: Well, I don’t like to let anyone else drive my car. Tell you what, why don’t we go together?
Q: What does the woman mean? 【A. She will drive the man to the supermarket.】

IV. I wish

§ e.g. (9) 2010年12月
11.【0:58】A) The man should visit the museums. C) The beach resort is a good choice.
B) She can’t stand the hot weather. D) She enjoys staying in Washington.
11.【0:58】M: Oh my God! The heat is simply unbearable here! I wish we’d gone to the beach instead.
W: Wow, with the museums and restaurants in Washington, I’d be happy here no matter what the temperature.
Q: What does the woman mean? 【D. She enjoys staying in Washington.】

§ e.g. (10) 2006年12月（=星火版2013年12月第3套，“由往年真题听力优化而来”）
13.【2:25】A) The man can speak a foreign language.
B) The woman hopes to improve her English.
C) The woman knows many different languages.
D) The man wishes to visit many more countries.
13.【2:25】W: Having visited so many countries, you must be able to speak several different languages.
M: I wish I could. But Japanese and, of course, English are the only languages I can speak.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 【A. The man can speak a foreign language.】

§ e.g. (11) 2007年6月
13.【2:21】A) The man regrets being absent-minded. C) The man placed the reading list on a desk.
B) The woman saved the man some trouble. D) The woman emptied the waste paper basket.
13.【2:21】M: I wish I hadn’t thrown away that reading list!
W: I thought you might regret it. That’s why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 【B. The woman saved the man some trouble.】

§ e.g. (12) 2010年12月
12.【1:32】A) Her new responsibilities in the company. C) What the customers’ feedback is.
B) What her job prospects are. D) The director’s opinion of her work.
12.【1:32】M: How’s the new job going?
W: Well, I’m learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.
Q: What does the woman want to know? 【D. The director’s opinion of her work.】

§ e.g. (13) 2011年6月
12.【1:29】A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam. C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.
B) Jane should have started a little earlier. D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.
12. 【1:29】W: I wish Jane would call when she knows she'll be late. This is not the first time we've had to wait for her.
M: I agree. But she does have to drive through very heavy traffic to get here.
Q: What does the man imply? 【A. Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.】

§ e.g. (14) 2011年12月
12.【1:28】A) He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes.
B) He enjoyed watching the animal performance.
C) He got home too late to see the TV special.
D) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.
12.【1:28】W: I really enjoyed the TV special about giraffes长颈鹿last night. Did you get home in time to see it?
M: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.
Q: What does the man mean? 【D. He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.】

V. If only

§ e.g. (15) 2004年1月
3.【2:38】A) It’s quiet in the restaurant. C) The restaurant serves good food.
B) The price is high in the restaurant. D) The restaurant is too far from their school.
3.【2:38】M: The food in this restaurant is horrible. If only we’d gone to the school dining hall.
W: But the food isn't everything. Isn't it nice just to get away from all the noise?
Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 【A. It’s quiet in the restaurant.】

§ e.g. (16) 2006年6月17日
1.【1:02】A) They went a long way to attend the party.
B) They didn’t think much of the food and drinks.
C) They knew none of the other guests at the party.
D) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.
1.【1:02】M: I think the hostess really went out of her way to make the party a success.
W: Yes, the food and drinks were great, but if only we had known a few of the other guests.
Q: What did the two speakers say about the party?
【C. They knew none of the other guests at the party.】

VI. If 从句 错综时间：从句指过去，主句表现在

§ e.g. (17) 2013年12月（第1套）
6.【5:34】A) Sam has a big family to support. C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low.
B) Sam is not interested in traveling. D) The work hours in the travel agency arc too long.
6【5:34】W: So you know that Sam turns down the job offered by the travel agency.
M: Yes. The hours were convenient. But if he had accepted it, he wouldn’t be able to make ends meet.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 【C. The pay offer by the travel agency is too low.】

VII. 特殊词组：I’d rather

§ e.g. (18) 2012年12月(第2套)
5.【05:00】A. It is more comfortable and convenient to take a bus.
B. It is worth the money taking a train to Miami.
C. It is not always cheaper going by bus.
D. It is faster to go to Miami by bus.
5.【05:00】W: Taking a bus to Miami is cheaper than going by train.
M: That’s true. But I’d rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.
Q: What does the man mean? 【B. It is worth the money taking a train to Miami.】

§ e.g. (19) 2013年12月(第1套)
1.【2:57】A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten.
B) The man will soon start a business of his own.
C) The man would like to be a high school teacher.
D) The woman is going to major in child education.
1【2:57】M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in business administration.
W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【D. The woman is going to major in child education.】

VIII. 名词性从句表示建议要求等

§ e.g. (20) 2010年6月（=星火版2014年6月第3套，“由往年真题听力优化而来”）
16.【4:05】A) She will meet the man halfway.　　 C) She will ask David to talk less.
　　 B) She is sorry the man will not come.　　 D) She has to invite David to the party.
16.【4:05】M: I really can’t stand the way David controls the conversation all the time. If he’s going to be at your Christmas party, I just won’t come.
W: I’m sorry you feel that way, but my mother insists that he come. 【=…he should come.】
Q: What does the woman imply? 【D. She has to invite David to the party.】

IX. 附：我的《塑造完美语音》讲义中相关的第4部分
4．因弱读或读音省略而产生的连读
前面的词以辅音结尾，后面的词由于弱读或读音省略，从而产生辅+元的连读。
4.1 连续交谈中，he, his, him, her or home等词[h]常省略不读，省略[h]后继续与前面的单词形成连读
（在听力材料中遇到时务必请留意，有时录音中没有连读，但这并不代表普遍意义，不能证明这条规则不成立）
e.g.①I likeÇhis new notebook. ②I want to be a winner likeÇhim.（I want to = I wanna）
③Have a nice tripÇhome.
e.g.(33) P7,2:20 Away goes the devil when he finds the door shutÇagainstÇhim. 门户紧闭，魔鬼退避。
e.g.(34) P212,1:09:07 A hero is nothing butÇa product ofÇizhis time. 时势造英雄。
e.g.(35) P203,1:03:45 A woman can keep one secretÇofÇhəher age. 女人能守住一个秘密：自己的年龄。
是否可以这样推测：humour一词音译为“幽默”，也是因为[h]读音常常被省略，听起来音似“幽默”所致。

4.2 (※)have, has, had出现在句子中间时，常读作[əv] [əz] [əd]
(∴I have= I’ve) 下面例句中has, had, have左下角的[ə]表示该词弱读。
e.g. ① The manəhad left. (CET-4，Jan. 03)
② The placeÇəhad changed. (CET-4，Jan. 03)
③ ItÇəzhas openedÇa new world for me. (CET-4，Jan. 03)
④ Nice toəvhave metÇyou.
e.g.(36) P32,13:57 To live is to change, and to be perfect is toəvhave changed often. 生活就是要去改变，所谓的至善至美就是不断地发生变化。
e.g.(37) P16,3:56 Lifeəzhas taught me to think, but thinkingəzhas not taught me to live. 生活教会了我思考，但思考却没有教会我生活。
e.g.(38) P19,5:56 A manÇis neverəzas happyəzas heəzhas hoped, norəzas unhappyəzas ihe thinks. 人从不像他所希望的那么幸福，也从不像他所想象的那么不幸。(Difficult)
【注: 有的朗读者会将过去完成时中的had也重读，d省略】
e.g. He had finished it. +“4.3”部分中e.g.(39),音频位置12:56

4.3 ※一个无比重要的应用场合---虚拟语气
e.g. ① You couldÇəvhave takenÇa taxi. (c.f. You could takeÇa taxi.)
② I wouldÇəvhave done more. (c.f. I would do more)
③ You shouldÇəvhave remembered this. (You should remember this.)
④ You shouldÇəvhave come earlier. (You should come earlier.)
⑤ Snape might’ve thought it wasÇa punishment. 【Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows】
e.g.(39) P30,12:56 If I had readəzas muchəzas other men, I shouldÇəvhave known no more than they. 假如我读的书和别人一样多，我就不会比他们知道的多。【注意构成过去完成时的had一词，h似乎没有略读】
“must have v-ed”, “should have +v-ed”等结构中，have读法类似，都弱读成了[əv]。
《走遍美国》第21集“A Big Fish in a Little Pond”，Act One，和第24集 “Parting Friends” Act One后面的Focus In部分，可以看到这种读音现象的动画演示。

Ex. If Iəhad been sober, I mightÇəvhave been wiser, but I fell to temptation and forgot my own berth in...【Teacher Man《教书匠》】
c.f. have 作实义动词“有”讲时不弱读： Most students have time to ....
e.g.(40) P31,13:49 If it ¯weren't for the rocksÇinÇits bed, the stream would ˉˉhave no song. 溪床如果没有石块，溪流就不会潺潺歌唱。【注：would, have之间的横线表示have读成平调】

X. 含有虚拟语气的名言——《读名言学语法》，朱奎，群言出版社，2005

If the world were perfect, how could we enjoy the pleasure and comfort of being successful?
世界若完美，我们如何能尝到创造成功的快慰？——P30, 音频位置12:48

If I had read as much as other men, I should have known no more than they.假如我读的书和别人一样多，我就不会比他们知道的多。——P30, 音频位置12:56

He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.有的人就像公鸡一样，以为太阳是为了听它啼叫才升起。——P30, 音频位置13:05

If things were to be twice, all would be wise.
假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成聪明人。——P31, 音频位置13:12

The bird wishes it were a cloud. The cloud wishes it were a bird.
鸟愿做一片云，云愿做一只鸟。——P31, 音频位置13:21

It is no more necessary that a man should remember the different dinners and suppers which have made him healthy than the different books which have make him wise.
一个人没有必要像记住使他睿智的各种书籍一样记住使他健康的各种饮食。——P31, 音频位置13:26

If it were not for hope, the heart would break.
——要是没有希望，人心也就碎了。P31, 音频位置13:39

If it weren't for the rocks in its bed, the stream would have no song.
溪床如果没有石块，溪流就不会潺潺歌唱。——P31, 音频位置13:45

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