朗读技巧与模仿.doc

PART A 模仿朗读评分 （满分20分,折算后5分）
档次
语音语调
语速与内容
分值
标 准
分值
标 准
A
12
发音清晰、准确，语调正确、自然，语流连贯、流畅
8
按原语速，且内容完整
B
8-10
发音基本准确，语调基本正确，语流尚为连贯
6
基本按原语速，漏几个词
C
4-6
部分音素发音不正确，语调不连贯，语流有不连贯现象
4
基本按原语速，漏一些词
D
0-2
大部分的音素发音不正确，语调不正确，语流不连贯
0-2
不能按原语速，漏一个句子或10个以上词
,
英语朗读技巧与模仿

英语口语训练形式、方法有很多种，但是要说好英语，第一步是要多读英语，并养成良好的朗读习惯。下文将从升降调，停顿，弱读，重读，连读, 失爆等几个方面讲解朗读技巧。
技巧一：如何处理句子中的升调
1． 英语中的升调一般用于：
a. 一般疑问句如：
Do you come here a lot? ↗
Have you been to any foreign countries? ↗

b. 选择疑问句的前半部分，如：
Is she an English teacher ↗ or Chinese teacher? ↘
Are you here for the tickets ↗ or books? ↘

c. 若干相同类目的词语并列出现时，除最后一项外，如：
I want to low fat yogurt, ↗tuna salad,↗ chocolate cake ↗ and hamburger special.
My ideal man must be handsome, ↗ generous, ↗ dependable ↗ and considerate.

d. 表示疑问的陈述句，如：
You want a cup of coffee? ↗
You don’t work here? ↗

e.表现祝贺，同情，或热情时：如
Congratulations! ↗
I’m sorry to hear that. ↗
Have a nice weekend. ↗

2. 一般疑问句升调的训练要领：
要练习好一般疑问句的升调，首先要学好单词的升调。因为一般疑问句的升调明显表现在句子的最后一个单词上，陡直的升音明显地落在最后一个单词的最后一至两个音上。
大多数中国学生使用升调时，会从单词的第一个音一直持续升到最后一个音，这样听起来极不自然。需要注意的是：升音并不是从单词的第一个音开始，只有单词的最后一到两个音时，突然很陡地升上去，请参照下面反映升调变化的曲线图，给单词正确升调：
university language student school
American countries questions disappointed
技巧二：如何处理句子中的降调
1． 英语中的降调一般用于：
a.特殊疑问句：
What have all the flowers gone? ↘
What the hell did he do? ↘

b.感叹句：
What a game! ↘
What depressing information! ↘

c.反义疑问句中，当说话人对自己所说的内容已经很确定，知识象征性地与对方确认一下时：
We will live in a global village, aren’t we? ↘
A small world, isn’t it? ↘

d.选择疑问句的最后一个选项，如：
Do you prefer hand-written letter ↗ or E-mail? ↘
Does she raise rats ↗ or rabbits? ↘

e.并列出现的若干相同类目词语的最后一项，如：
I want a house with a dining room, ↗ two bedrooms, ↗a bath ↗and a basement. ↘

2. 一般疑问句升调的训练要领：
特殊疑问句在通常情况下使用降调，但仅了解这一点是不够的，要想学好特殊疑问句的调式，必须结合以下几点，否则，即使你运用了降调，也会听起来不自然。实际上，特殊疑问句的音调变化是有规律可循的，以下列句子为例：
a. Where were you born?
b. Which countries have you been to?
c. Which university did you graduate?
d. Why are you learning English?
我们发现整个句子的语调如下曲线图：

起调时，特殊疑问句的音调较高，遇到助动词时弱读，并且将音调降下来，然后渐渐提高，一般在句子的最后一个单词重重地降下来。
技巧三：如何处理句子中的停顿
讲英语或读英语时，尤其是遇到长句时，适当的停顿很重要。停顿并非随心所欲读累了就停，而要根据意群（句子中构成相对独立完整的意思的语言单位）来停。一般来说，段与段之间的停顿时间最长，其次是句与句之间的停顿，最后才是句子内部意群之间的停顿，例如：主语与分句或从句之间的停顿。句子内部意群之间的停顿，在下列情况下尤其突出：
1．主句与从句（定语从句、宾语从句等）之间
a. These are the robots of our dreams, intelligent machines ‚ that live to serve.
b. And, the FBI confronts the most heavily armed militia ‚ that US law enforcement has ever faced.
c. James Bond, the ultimate survivor knows very well ‚ that there are many ways to kill.

2. 条件状语、时间状语等分句与主句之间
a. All would be lost ‚ if not for the strength of one woman.
b. Welcome to paradise. When you arrive here ‚ you’ll find a million secrets and as you explore it, you’ll find a million more.

3.当后置定语较长时，其与所修饰的核心词之间
a. As we reveal the secret strategies ‚ of an FBI crisis negotiator, these stories are straight ahead on Best Kept Secrets.
b. But for their variety of appearance, all dogs are simply mutations ‚ of their closet ancestral relative, the wolf.
c. How does the FBI solve cases ‚ like the Oklahoma City Bombing?

4. 表时间、地点、距离、方式等的介词短语与句子其他成分之间
a. The four hundred-year-old Hapsburg dynasty still commands most of Europe ‚ to the envy of her neighbours.
b. Wolves had competed for prey ‚ with another group of hunters, complex communicators ‚ not unlike themselves.
c. Her crew is plotting a course ‚ to one of the most notorious points in the north Atlantic, the site of Titanic disaster.

5. 表目的、伴随动作、原因、或结果的分词短语与句子其他成分之间
a. Perhaps the wolves were drawn in by the smell of meat ‚ cooking cover a fire, and into contract into their rivals.
b. Tucked high in the canyon hills are aristocratic retreats ‚ over-looking some of the most expensive real estate in the United States.
c. But for the Russian people ‚ born to this giant land, Europe is distant horizon beyond their imagination.

6. 不定式短语与句子其他成分之间
a. What exactly happened on that terrible night ‚ to cause the death of one thousand of five hundred and twenty-three men, women and children?
b. Science is taking us back in time ‚ to witness the sinking of the unsinkable Titanic.
c. She is the first woman ‚ to inherit the Hasburg thrown, and few believe she can keep it.
7. 以and或or分隔的较长的句子成分之间
a. But you’re not in the jungle of Bali ‚ or even a hidden sanctuary somewhere in Thailand.
b. He drags millions out of the Dark Ages ‚ and forges a new nation.
c. It defies definition ‚ and can only be described as unbelievable, capricious and dreamlike.
8. 同位语与句子其他成分之间
a. The one exception: her devoted husband ‚ Francis, duke of Lorraine.
9. 插入语与句子其他成分之间
a. At times, dogs appears to move and react ‚ like wild animals, yet they are by definition, domesticated.
b. The instruments of death have pushed technology to the limits ‚ in what has become ‚ the Deadly Game.
技巧四：如何处理助动词的弱读
1． 助动词弱读在句子中的应用：
学会助动词的弱读，是掌握连读技巧的第一步。任何一种语言，在口语表达时，句子中的单词有重读、弱读这样的变化，句子听上去才生动、自然。英语也不例外。那么，在英语中，哪些单词在句子中需要弱读呢？一般情况下，助动词会明显地弱读。请看下面的例句，揣摩助动词在句中是如何被弱读的：
a. Do you come here a lot?
b. They weren’t expecting us.
c. They’re having another argument.
d. We haven’t been told anything yet.
2． 助动词弱读时的发音变化：
助动词弱读时，其发音与单词音标中的发音会有一些不同，快读时，他们发音会变为：
do you /dəjuː/ I’m /aim/ weren’t/wəːnt/
were / wət / they’re /ðɛə/ I’ll /aiI/
being /biŋ/ have /həv/ was /wə/
they’ve /ðei/ been /bin/ we’ll /wiːI/
we’re /wiə/ be /bi/ haven’t /həvn/
技巧五：如何处理of的弱读
1． of的弱读形式
of在词典中的音标及它的重读形式为：/ ɔf /，而当它出现在句子中时，很少采取strong form, 而会采取其弱读形式，即/ əf /.
2． of与其他单词的连读
当of前面单词的最后一个音为辅音时，该辅音与of的弱读形式的起首元音/ɔ/构成连读，可以构成一个音节来发音；同样道理，当of后面单词的第一个音为元音时，该元音与of弱读形式结尾的辅音/ v /也构成连读。例如下面的短语：
a flight⌒of stairs a piece⌒of furniture an item⌒of news
a pinch⌒of salt a carton⌒of milk a bar⌒of chocolate
a bunch⌒of flowers a bundle⌒of sticks a suite⌒of room
a cluster⌒of houses a touch⌒of bitterness
技巧六：如何处理介词的弱读
1． 处理好介词的弱读，会让您的英语听起来流利得多。
2． 常用介词在重读和弱读时的不同发音：
单词
重读形式
弱读形式
from
/frɔm/
/frəm/
to
/tuː/
/tə/
of
/ɔf/
/əf/
at
/æt/
/ət/
for
/fɔː/
/fə/
技巧七：如何处理句子的重读
语句重音（sentence stress）是指根据不同的交际需要而对句子的某个或者某些词加以强调。重音的特点是：发音用力较多，音量较大，时间较长。重音分为：表意重音，逻辑重音及情感重音。
1. 表意重音：表意重音是指讲话人在没有受个人情感影响或没有特意将句中的某一信息加以强调的情况下，对句中所有实词一视同仁地加以强调。实词包括：名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、指示代词、疑问代词等；虚词包括：介词、冠词、助动词、连词、人称代词等。如：
a. In general, we emphasize a word as we stress a syllable by giving it more force, longer duration, and higher pitch.
b. I believe the course I have followed with China is the one that’s best for America, disagreeing where we have serious disagreements, pursuing our common interests where I thought it was in the interest of the United States. (Bill Clinton)
2.逻辑重音：逻辑重音又叫对比重音，指讲话人有意将句中的某个成分（一般只有一个，但也有两个的情况）与上下文当中的另一个成分相对比而给予的特殊强调。此时，句中本来该重读的实词被读得快而弱，本来该弱读的虚词被减弱到几乎听不出来的程度。
试比较下组7个句子：
1） I suggest you talk to her this evening.
2） I suggest you talk to her this evening.
3） I suggest you talk to her this evening.
4） I suggest you talk to her this evening.
5） I suggest you talk to her this evening.
6） I suggest you talk to her this evening.
7） I suggest you talk to her this evening.
注意：虚词由于逻辑重音而重读时，应使用重读形式（stressed form），如：
--- Would you like a cup of coffee to wake you up?
--- A /ei/ cup of coffee? I need two or three. (一杯怎么行？我要喝两三杯。)
3. 情感重音是指说话人在处于极为激动的情况下，对某个能表达其情感的词或词组给予超常规的强调。如：
We Chinese people are unconquerable.
技巧八：如何处理连读
我们在听英语时,会发现漂亮的口语听起来流畅,有跳跃感和音乐感.这是连读带来的效果。连读的规则如下：
1． 在语速较慢的语流中，意群内的辅音和元音可以统统连起来。如：
because of an air raid应该读作/bi'Kɔːzəvə'nɛə'reid/
when I was an undergraduate应该读作/we'nаiwəzə'nʌndə'ɡrædƷueit/
2． 在正常或者较快的语速中，只要句子不太长（大约15个单词以内），其中所有的辅音都可以跟后面的元音连读，意群和意群之间也可以连读。如：
Please write it in English and give it to your uncle as soon as possible. 可以读作：
/'pliːz'rаititi'niηgliʃən'givitəjɔː'rʌηklə'suːnəs'pɔsəbl/
3． 以字母r或者re结尾的单词在与紧跟其后的词首元音相连时，须加进一个/r/，这个/r/叫“连接/r/”。如there is可以读作/ðəriz/，fair enough可以读作/'fɛəri'nʌf/等。此外，还有一种/r/叫“插入/r/”，即以/ə/或/ɔː/结尾的单词，即使没有字母r或re, 若其后紧跟着非重读元音，连读时中间要插入一个/r/。如：drama and music /'drаːmərən'mjuːzik/, Russia and China /rʌʃərən'tʃаinə/, law and order /'lɔːrə'nɔːdə/
4． 元音和元音之间也可以连读，如词尾的/uː/可以与其后面的词首元音相连，中间可以加一个/w/，如blue eye/'bluː'аi/。这种情况最好是“含糊处理”，即不要把/w/读得太明显。
5． 词尾的/ iː/跟后面的词首元音相连时，可以在中间加一个/j/，如tea and coffee可以读作/'tiːjən'kɔfi/，又如no fee or tuition可以读作/'nəu'fiːjətju'iʃn/
连读练习：
write in English not at all all in all the apple of his eye a girl attendant
just a moment check in checked out hold on in spite of that
an apple a day far away there are a couple of weeks ago most important of all
father and mother here and there for about a week for instance more and more
a number of special English burst into tears level of difficulty
How are you? He is interested in fine arts. Am I right? What about a drink?
The aim of a hotel is to create a home away from home.
技巧九：如何处理失爆
当前面一个单词的最后一个音是辅音，后面一个单词的第一个音也还是辅音，那么前面一个单词的最后一个辅音一般可以不发出来。
失爆练习(下划线部分为失爆部分)
at most at best at present at night keep track of
stop the car cab-driver keep quiet kick the ball throughout China
good chance not now night train get through should not
good night right there passport number
2013年广东高考英语听说考试A (答案篇)
Part A: Reading Aloud
录像原文：根据音频朗读并标出重音′、停顿 / 、连读⌒、升调↗、降调↘，并注意黑体单词音标。
In the heart⌒of London / sits one of Britain’s most recognisable buildings↘. Yet⌒its story / is one of the least understood. But what⌒is now the site⌒of⌒a spendid palace / was once open countryside↘. As royal residences go↗, Buckingham Palace is something⌒of⌒a newcomer↘. The state rooms are less than 200 years old↘. Yet its history is much older↗ and more dramatic↘ than you might think↘. Its rooms are filled with objects that are clues to the character of kings↗ and queens past↘. And⌒the art and architecture combine / to make a statement about Britain’s place in the world↘.
2013年广东高考英语听说考试B (答案篇)
Part A: Reading Aloud
录像原文：根据音频朗读并标出重音′、停顿 / 、连读⌒、升调↗、降调↘，并注意黑体单词音标。
In 1939, on the eve⌒of the Second World War, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to the American President. The letter / was about an application↗of Einstein’s famous equation, / E equals MC squared, and his fear / that the Nazis could use it⌒to build↗an atomic bomb. E equals MC squared is the symbol of Einstein’s genius↘. It’s an equation that sums⌒up↘one of the most powerful truths about the universe↘. It combines two ideas, which until Einstein came⌒along, no one had ever dreamed could be connected in such⌒a powerful way↘. The idea / of mass↘and the idea / of energy↘.

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