高中英语必修一第1-5单元单词和短语用法.doc

2016年10月22日（星期六下午）人教版新课标高中英语必修一Units1-5 Words & Expressions,sentences
Ⅰ.重点单词识记。
Unit1. 1．ignore /ig′nɔː/ vt.不理睬；忽视
2．calm /kɑːm/ adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的；
vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
3．series /′siəriːz/ n．连续；系列
4．outdoors /ˌaʊt′dɔːz/ adv.在户外；在野外
5．partner /′pɑːtnə/ n．伙伴；合作者，合伙人
6．upset /ˌʌp′set/ adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的；
vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻
7．dislike /dis′laik/ n．& vt.不喜欢，厌恶
8．grateful /′greitfl/ adj.感激的；表示谢意的
9．concern /kən′sɜːn/ vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；
n.担心；关注；(利害)关系
→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的
10．entire /in′taiə/ adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
11．settle /′setl/ v．定居，安家；停留；解决；安排
→settlement n定居点；解决
12．suffer /′sʌfə/ v．遭受；忍受；经历
→suffering n．折磨；苦难
13．disagree /ˌdisə′ɡri:/ vi.不同意
→agree v．(反义词)同意→agreement n．同意；协议
14．exact /iɡ′zækt/ adj.精确的；准确的；严谨的
→exactly adv.确实如此，正是；确切地
15．power /′paʊə/ n．能力；权力→powerful adj.强大的
16．recover /ri′kʌvə/ vt.& vi.痊愈；重新获得
→recovery n．康复；找回
Unit2. 1．native /′neitiv/ adj.本地的；本国的；
n.本地人；本国人
2．actually /′æktʃʊəli/ adv.实际上；事实上
3．request_ /ri′kwest/ n．& vt.请求；要求
4．apartment /ə′pɑːtmənt/ n．公寓；住宅；单元住宅
5．straight /streit/ adv.直接；挺直；
adj.直的；笔直的；正直的
6．command/kə′mɑ:nd/ n．& vt.命令；指令；掌握
7．base /beis/ vt.以……为根据；n.基部；基地；基础
→basic adj.基本的；基础的
8．gradual /′ɡrædʒuəl/ adj.逐渐的；逐步的
→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
9．latter /′lætə/ adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后
→latest adj.最新的；最近的
→later adv.后来；adj.后期的
→lately adv.近来，最近
10．identity /ai′dentəti/ n．本身；本体；身份
→identify vt.认出；鉴定
11．fluent /′flu:ənt/ adj.流利的；流畅的
→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅12．frequent /′fri:kwənt/ adj.频繁的；常见的
→frequently adv.常常；频繁地
13．expression /ik′spreʃn/ n．词语；表示；表达
→express vt.表达
14．recognize /′rekəɡnaiz/ vt.辨认出；承认；公认
→recognition n．认出；认识
Unit 3. 1．transport /′trænspɔ:t/ n．& vt.运送，运输
2．persuade /pə′sweid/ vt.说服，劝说
3．schedule /′ʃedju:l；′skedʒʊl/ n．时间表；进度表；
vt.为某事安排时间
4．finally /′fainəli/ adv.最后；终于
5．fond /fɒnd/ adj.喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的
6．shortcoming /′ʃɔ:tkʌmiŋ/ n．缺点
7．stubborn /′stʌbən/ adj.顽固的；固执的
8．journey /′dʒɜ:ni/ n．旅行；旅程
9．attitude /′ætitju:d/ n．态度；看法
10．forecast /′fɔ:kɑ:st/ n．& vt.预测；预报
11．insurance /in′ʃʊərəns/ n．保险
12．beneath /bi′ni:θ/ prep.在……下面
13．prefer /pri′fɜ:/ vt.更喜欢→preference n．偏爱；爱好
14．disadvantage /disəd′vɑ:ntidʒ/ n．不利条件；不便之处
→advantage (反义词)有利条件；优势
15．graduate /′ɡrædʒʊeit/ vi.毕业
→graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼
16．organize /′ɔ:ɡənaIz/ vt.组织；成立
→organizer n．组织者→organization n．组织
→organized adj.有组织的
17．determine /di′tɜ:min/ vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的
→determination n．决心
18．reliable /ri′laiəbəl/ adj.可信赖的；可靠的
→rely vi.依靠；依赖
Unit 4. 1．burst /bɜ:st/ vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发
2．destroy /di′strɔi/ vt.破坏，毁坏；消灭
3．rescue /′reskju:/ n．& vt.援救；营救
4．trap /træp/ vt.使陷入困境；n.陷阱；困境
5．event /i′vent/ n．大事；事件
6．ruin /′ru:in/ n．废墟；毁灭；vt.使破产；毁灭
7．extreme /ik′stri:m/ adj.极度的
8．bury /′beri/ vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏
9．shelter /′ʃeltə/ n．掩蔽；避身处
10．sincerely /sin′siəli/ adv.真诚地，真挚地
11．express /ik′spres/ vt.表达；表示；n.快车；速递
→expression n．表达；表情
12．injure /′indʒə/ vt.损害；伤害
→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的
13．electricity /ilek′trisəti/ n．电；电流；电学
→electric adj.用电的；带电的
→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
14．frighten /′fraitn/ vt.使惊吓，吓唬→frightened adj.
受惊吓的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人惊恐的
15．congratulation /kənɡrætʃʊ′leiʃn/ n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
→congratulate vt.祝贺
16．judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n．裁判员；法官；vt.断定；判决
→judgement n．裁判；判决
Unit 5. 1．generous /′dʒenərəs/ adj.慷慨的；大方的
2．found /faʊnd/ vt.建立；建设
3．principle /′prinsəpl/ n．法则；原理；原则
4．guidance /′ɡaidəns/ n．指导；领导
5．hopeful /′həʊpfl/ adj.怀有希望的，有希望的
6．vote /vəʊt/ v．& n．投票，选举
7．attack /ə′tæk/ vt.进攻，攻击；抨击
8．escape /i′skeip/ vi.逃脱，逃走；泄露
9．relative /′relətiv/ n．亲戚，亲属
10．terror /′terə/ n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
11．quality /′kwɒləti/ n．质量；品质；性质
→quantity n．数量，量
12．active /′æktiv/ adj.积极的；活跃的
→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n. 活动
13．devote /di′vəʊt/ vt.献身，专心于
→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
→devotion n．关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚
14．peaceful /′pi:sfl/ adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的
→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦15．legal /′li:ɡl/ adj.法律的；依照法律的
→illegal (反义词) adj.非法的，违法的
16．violence /′vaiələns/ n．暴力；暴行
→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的
17．equal /′i:kwəl/ adj.相等的；平等的
→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
→equality n．平等，相等
18．educate /′edʒʊkeIt/ vt.教育；训练
→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的
→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家
19．beg /beɡ/ vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐
20．reward /ri′wɔ:d/ n．报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏
→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的
Ⅱ.重点短语识记。
Unit1. 1．add_up合计
2．calm_..._down(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．be_concerned_about关心；挂念
4．go_through经历；经受
5．set_down放下；记下；登记
6．a_series_of一连串的；一系列；一套
7．on_purpose故意
8．in_order_to为了……
9．at_dusk 在黄昏时刻
10．face_to_face面对面地
11．suffer_from 遭受；患病
12．get/be_tired_of对……厌烦
13．pack_(sth.)_up将(东西)装箱打包
14．get_along_with与……相处；进展
15．fall_in_love相爱；爱上
16．join_in参加；加入
Unit21．because_of由于，因为
2．come_up走近；上来；提出
3．at_present目前，现在
4．make_use_of利用；使用
5．such_as例如……；像这种的
6．play_a_part_in在……中扮演一个角色；参与……
7．believe_it_or_not信不信由你
8．even_though/if即便，即使
Unit 3 1．ever since 从那以后
2．dream about梦想
3．persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
4．graduate from college大学毕业
5．be fond of喜欢，喜爱
6．care about关心；忧虑；惦念
7．change one’s mind改变主意
8．make up one’s mind下决心，决定
9．give in屈服，让步；投降
10．as usual照常
Unit 4. 1．right away立刻，马上
2．think little of不重视
3．as if好像，仿佛
4．at an end结束，终结
5．in ruins严重受损，破败不堪
6．a (great) number of许多，大量的
7．dig out掘出；发现
8．be proud of/take pride in因……而自豪
Unit 51．out of work失业
2．as a matter of fact/in fact事实上
3．blow up使充气；爆炸
4．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5．turn to求助于；致力于
6．lose heart丧失勇气或信心
7．come to power上台；当权
8．set up设立，建立；搭起
9．be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)
10．in one’s opinion在某人看来
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵。
Unit 1 1．While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。
2．You will tell him/her that he/she should have studied，
so you don’t let him/her look at your paper.你将告诉他/她说他/她过去本该学习，因此你不许他/她看你的卷子。
3．I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
4．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face..这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…
5．It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.透过(窗帘)观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
Unit 2.1．Why not go by underground？为什么不坐地铁去呢？
2．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
3．Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。4.Those_who_reported_the_news were expected to speak excellent English. 播报新闻的人应该说出色的英语。Unit 3.1．Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。
2．Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she organize the trip properly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。
3．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
4．Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.一旦下了决心，什么也不能改变她。
5．A determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is.一个意志坚定的人总是努力完成工作，不管它多困难。
Unit 4.1．In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都太紧张了以致于不吃东西了。
2．It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！
3．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。
4．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。5．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
Unit 5.1．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
3．...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.
……我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么与政府作斗争。
4．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。5．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次跟一个团队说话时，我感觉很糟。
Ⅳ. 重点单词用法讲解。
Unit1. 1.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；
v.( upset，upset，upsetting) 使不安；使心烦；打乱；扰乱；打翻
be upset about/at/over为……烦恼
upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb. that...让某人心烦的是……
Don’t be upset about it—no harm has been done.不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。
【夯实基础】 (1)用upset的适当形式填空
① She sounded upset when I said you couldn’t come.
② She warned me not to say anything to upset him.
③ I will never see him again and that is a terribly upsetting thought.
(2)—What’s the matter with her? ——她怎么了？
—She is really upset over/at/about not finding a job.—她为没找到工作而心烦意乱。
(3)翻译句子。1. 我心烦意乱，很想哭。I was so upset that I felt like crying.
2.ignore v.不理睬；忽视；不顾
ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道
out of/through ignorance出于无知
ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的
be ignorant of不知道……
What’s worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.更糟的是，他们随地吐痰，甚至把垃圾扔到湖里，完全无视附近“禁止扔垃圾”的警告牌。
【夯实基础】(1)用ignore的适当形式填空。
① They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance.
② People don’t like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant.
(2)将划线句子进行同义句改写。
—Tom is always saying I’m ugly，Mom.
—Just ignore him. You are the most beautiful in my eyes. Don’t mind/care about it.
3.calm adj.镇静的，沉着的(not excited，upset，etc.)；风平浪静的；无风的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静
calm sb. down使某人平静下来
keep/be/stay calm保持镇静calm down平静(镇静)下来The black pencil，on the other hand，remains calm.另一方面，那只黑色铅笔却保持平静。
It is not easy to calm the excited man down.很难使那个激动的人平静下来。
【夯实基础】 (1)Do keep calm in an emergency，or things will get even worse.在遇到紧急情况时一定要保持镇静，否则情况会更糟。
(2)翻译句子。1.面对危险，他保持镇静。
He remained/stayed/kept calm in facing the danger.
4. concern v.影响(affect)；涉及(involve)，
n.担心，忧虑；关心
concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的
concerning prep.关于
(be connected with)与……有关
(be worried about)让(某人)担忧
As far as sb. be concerned就某人而言
be concerned about/for (concern oneself about/for
)对……担心/关心
be concerned with sb./sth.( concern oneself with sb./sth)
与……有关
It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。
As far as I’m concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.就我而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决办法。
【夯实基础】 (1) 用concern的适当形式填空
① For more information concerning the club contact I，Coldwell.
② I just spoke with a very concerned mother.
③ Government officials remain concerned about the fragility(脆弱) of the financial sector.
(2)同义句改写。
Because he was concerned about the farm workers，Premier
Wen visited them again at the beginning of 2012.(用过去分词短语改写句子)
Concerned about the farm workers，Premier Wen visited them again at the beginningof_2012.
5.power n.能力；力量；权力；动力
come to/into power掌权；上台
in one’s power在某人的掌控中
do all in one’s power尽力而为
She is said to have the power of foreseeing the future.据说她有预测未来的能力。
She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.她采访了6名身居高位，并且颇具影响力的女士。
【夯实基础】同义句改写。
He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.
(1)He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.(改为含有what从句的复合句)
(2)He told her that he would do his best to prove that he was the man for her.(用do one’s best改写句子)
6.使)定居；平静下来；结束；决定；确定
settle down稳定；定居；坐下；平静下来
settle down to开始专心做……(to是介词)
settle in定居；习惯于；适应
settle on/upon决定……；选定……
They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论问题。
But he finally settled on literature，particularly drama and poetry.但是，他最终决定(选择)文学，侧重于戏剧和诗歌。
Unit 2. 1.base vt以……为基础；n.基础
basic adj.基础的；基本的basis n.基础
base...on/upon...以……为根据/基础)
be based on/upon以……为根据(/基础)
on the basis of在……基础上
Actually，teaching is an art based on science.事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。
【夯实基础】(1)用base的适当形式填空。
①You’ll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.
②We’re going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
③Basing an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
(2)同义句改写。
I am mailing a textbook which is based on a new method of teaching physics.(用过去分词作定语改写句子)
I am mailing a textbook based on a new method of teaching physics.
(3)翻译句子。1、人们应该总是把观点建立在事实的基础上。One should always base his opinion on facts.
2.separate v.把…分开；分隔；adj.分开的；单独的；独立的
separate A from B 把A和B分开
be separated from和……分离
divide...into...把……分成……
They led separate lives.他们各自单独生活。
He divided the apple in half.他把苹果分成两半。
【特别提醒】separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是将宾语分开；divide则破坏了宾语的完整性。
【夯实基础】(1)语法填空。
①I can separate cream from milk.
②The two cities are separated by a highway.
③Divide the cake into halves.
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空。
As we joined the big crowd I got separated(separate) from my friends.
3. command v.命令(order)；指挥(be in charge of)；
n.命令；掌握(control)
command sb. to do...命令某人做……
command that...(should) do...命令……
at one’s command听某人支配
have a good command of 掌握……，精通……
take command of指挥，控制
They help the computer react to commands from the brain.他们帮助电脑对来自大脑的指令做出反应。
The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。
【夯实基础】同义句改写。
(1)Captain Picard commanded the crew to report the main deck.(改为含有that从句的复合句)
Captain_Picard_commanded_that_the_crew_(should)_report_the_main_deck.
(2)Because she was good at Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other interviewees.(用command短语改写句子)
With a good command of both Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other interviewees.
4.request vt.& n.要求；请求(ask；ask for
request sb.to do...请求某人做某事
request sth. from sb.向某人要求某物
request that...(should) do...要求……
at one’s request＝at the request of sb.应某人的要求
She had requested that the door to her room be left open.她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。
Vietnam made an official request that the meeting be postponed.越南已经正式请求将会议推迟。
特别提醒
动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形。
【夯实基础】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①You are requested not to smoke(not，smoke) in the restaurant.
②We specially requested that you (should) be informed
(inform)．
③The request is that manuscripts (should) be written(write)
on one side only.
(2)I’m sorry that I cannot accept your request(接受你的要求) to attend your birthday party，Linda，because I’m required(要求我) to answer all the customers’ letters tonight by my boss.
5. expect v.预料；预计；期望；盼望
expect sb. to do...预料(期望)某人做……
as expected正如所料；不出所料
expectation n.预料；希望，盼望
in expectation of预料
beyond expectations 出乎意料
live up to sb’s expectations达到理想；符合希望
We were expecting him home again some day.我们期盼着他某一天再回家。
Don’t expect me to come and visit you there.别指望我会去那儿看你。
夯实基础 (1)用expect的适当形式填空
①After a year，she got a son as expected.
②Stephen Chase had determined to live up to the expectations of the company.
(2)同义句改写。
Duty is an act or a course of action that people expect you to take by social customs，law or religion.(改为简单句)
Duty is an act or a course of action expected to be taken by social customs，law or religion.
6. recognize v.认识；辨认出(make ou