Lesson3Scientificbreakthroughs.pptx

Lesson 3 Scientific BreakthroughsSome discoveries or inventions in the 20th century:Means of transport:Wright BrothersThe change in communication:Neil Alden Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the Moon.This is my personal one small step,it was a great step of mankind.The first artificial satellite,Sputnik 1,was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.Do you know the major discoveries of the scientists in the pictures?Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time.His greatest discovery is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.Edwin HubbleAmerican astronomer.Hubbles study leads to the most important astronomical discovery of the twentieth century the expanding universe（膨胀宇宙）（膨胀宇宙）.Hubble space telescope哈勃空间望远镜是人类第一座太空望哈勃空间望远镜是人类第一座太空望远镜，它远镜，它以时速以时速2.82.8万千米沿寂静的太万千米沿寂静的太空轨道运行，默默地窥探着太空的秘空轨道运行，默默地窥探着太空的秘密，是有史以来最大、最精确的天文密，是有史以来最大、最精确的天文望远镜，它上面的广角行星相机可拍望远镜，它上面的广角行星相机可拍摄到几十到上百个恒星照片。摄到几十到上百个恒星照片。哈勃太空望远镜经典图片哈勃太空望远镜经典图片侧视的星系侧视的星系太空太空“蚂蚁蚂蚁”太太空空中中的的宝宝石石猫猫眼眼星星云云惊恐的惊恐的“双眼双眼”完全曝光土星环完全曝光土星环星星系系之之心心棒旋星云棒旋星云Alexander FlemingScottish biochemistOn February 14,1929 Fleming discovered Penicillin,when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine.Mauchly&EckertMauchly was an American physicist who,along with his student Eckert designed ENIAC,the first commercial computer made in the United States.世界上第一台电子计算机世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC的问的问世世,宣告了人类从此进入电子计算机时宣告了人类从此进入电子计算机时代。代。dilemmamicroscopeprocedureorgandonatecorrespondmeanwhilesplitpremiern.困境，进退两难的窘境困境，进退两难的窘境n.显微镜显微镜n.程序，步骤程序，步骤n.器官器官vt.捐赠，赠送捐赠，赠送vi.通信通信conj.同时同时vi.分开，分离分开，分离adj.最重要的最重要的Words previewoutspokentelescopegalaxymistmouldpenicillinoutcomecurenavyadj.直言的，坦率的直言的，坦率的n.望远镜望远镜n.星系星系n.薄雾薄雾n.霉，霉菌霉，霉菌n.青霉素，盘尼西林青霉素，盘尼西林n.后果，结果后果，结果vt.治愈治愈n.海军海军Words previewmissilewrestlewrestle with somethingcircuitmicrowavepatentjetn.导弹，飞弹导弹，飞弹vi.摔跤，搏斗摔跤，搏斗努力解决难以处理努力解决难以处理的事情的事情n.电路电路n.微波炉微波炉n.专利专利n.喷气式喷气式Words previewReadingRead fast and match the discoveries with how they were discovered1.E=mc22.penicillin3.the first computer4.other galaxiesa.Scientists worked together as a teamb.There was a lucky accidentc.A scientist did research for many yearsd.A scientist was inspiredSkim the passage to get main ideas1.The passage is main about _.A.Scientific discoveries B.Pioneers of Science C.Scientific discoveries in the 20th century D.Pioneers of science in the 20th century2.How many famous scientists are mentioned in the passage?A.One B.Four C.Six D.EightScan the passage to get detailed informationReading Strategies:Identifying accurate informationRead to get general idea.Read questions to identify important words.Find the relevant part.Decide if the above two express the same meaning.Decide if there is no information.Reading Task:In the 20th century,many amazing discoveries were made in medicine,communications and transport,let alone our knowledge of 1.Some pioneersDiscoveries Inventions SignificanceAlbert Einstein2.It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of 3.Theory of relativityIt showed time,mass and length 4.according to our experience of them.the world and spaceE=mc2energychangeReading Task:Edwin Hubble5.like the one we live in It proved that the universe was vastly 6.than had previously been thought.Alexander FlemingPenicillinIt saved 7.Eckert and MauchlyThe first computerIt was produced to increase the 8.of the US Navys missiles.Percy Spencer9.It helps us prepare meals in minutes.Without these 10.in science and technology,we would have had a completely different world.New galaxieslargermillions of livesaccuracyMicrowavesbreakthroughs introductionintroduction Body Body ConclusionConclusionSimple outline A brief introduction of scientific breakthroughs in the 20th centuryPara.1Para.1Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 Para.6Para.7Para.8Para.9Some great pioneers of science and their inventions or discoveriesThe significance of these breakthroughsLanguage Points1.figure out figure sth.out 想出，理解某事想出，理解某事It took me hours to figure the problem out.figure sb.out 看透，理解看透，理解Women,I just cant figure them out.2.wrestle 摔跤，扭打摔跤，扭打 wrestle with sb.与某人扭打与某人扭打 The kids are wrestling with each other.wrestle with sth.努力解决某事努力解决某事 I spent hours wrestling with maths homework.3.nothing like 一点也不像一点也不像 He is nothing like his brother.something like 大约大约 Something like 80%of the population has no running water(流水，活水）流水，活水）.4.turn to 转向转向,变成变成,求助于求助于,开始行动开始行动 The baby fell down.He turned to his mother for help.to turn love to hate 转爱为恨转爱为恨5.turn on 开启开启 turn off 关闭关闭 turn up 调高调高 turn down 调低调低6.measure vt.&vi.量量 You must measure accurately vt.1.量出量出;记录记录 2.估计估计,估量估量 3.仔细考虑仔细考虑 4.(通过竞争通过竞争,冲突冲突等等)考验某事物考验某事物,较量较量 He measured the rope to see if it was long enough.Its hard to measure his ability when we havent seen his work.没有见过他的作品没有见过他的作品,很难估计他的能力。很难估计他的能力。Hes a man who measures his words.他是个用词很讲究的人。他是个用词很讲究的人。You have to measure your determination with that of other people.你得与其他人较量一下决心了。你得与其他人较量一下决心了。5.测量；度量测量；度量 6.（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为 n.尺寸尺寸clothes made to measurevi 有有（长，宽，高等）（长，宽，高等）The room measures five meters across.vt.测量测量I measured his height.by prep.used between two numbers when talking about multiplying or dividing;to be a particular size 乘以，处以，见方乘以，处以，见方The kitchen is 4 metres by 2 metres.这个厨房这个厨房4米长，米长，2米宽。米宽。7.dilemma a sitution in ehich it is very difficult to decide what to do,because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad Im in a dilemma about this job offer.Many single parents struggle with the dilemma of dividing between work and chikdren.With a child on each opposing team,Dad was faced with a dilemma:which supporters should he sit with?8 rang from to include a wariety of different things or people in addition to those mentioned处于某范围内，在某范围内变化 There were 120students whose ages ranged from 10 to 18.Levels of disability may range from very slight hearing problems to total deafness.残疾等级可以从极轻微耳聋到完全失聪残疾等级可以从极轻微耳聋到完全失聪。9 not to mention used to introduce an additional thing that makes a situation even more difficult,surprising,interesting,etc 更不用说更不用说 Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyong living in the city,not to mention the damage to the environment.Its too far to walk,not to mention the fact that itll probably be closed by now anyway.10 single out to choose one person or thing from among a group because they are better,worse,more important etc.than the others 挑出，选出（尤指人或物挑出，选出（尤指人或物以进行表扬或批评）以进行表扬或批评）I dont see why he should be singled out for special treatment.11（make）a breakthrough an important new discovery in something you are studying,especially one made after trying for a long time 突破，突破，重大重大进展进展 Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.Police say they have made a breakthrough in their search for the killer of Diana.1.one-year-old world-famous far-reaching 2.CD player jet engine3.flying machine nuclear bomb4.breakthrough outcome 5.mass-produce double-checka)compound noun (noun+noun)b)compound noun (verb+preposition)c)compound noun(adjective+noun)d)compound verb e)compound adjectiveVocabulary:Compound WordsMatch the categories with the examples.QuizFill in the blanks with the correct form of the words.It is _(prediction)that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.First,well know where we came from.Since the 1920s,scientists have known the universe is _(expand).Second,as scientists learn more about the genetic code and the way cells work at the molecular(分子分子)level,many serious diseases cancer,for onewill become less_(threat).predictedexpandingthreateningThird,well live _(long),maybe 120 years old.Fourth,well“_”(management)Earth.In the next millennium(千年期千年期),well stop talking about the weather but will do something about it.Fifth,well have a brain“road map.This is the real final frontier of the 2lst century:The brain is_(complex)system we know.Well be able to say with certainty which ones are working when you read a word,when you think about a word,and so on.longermanagethe most complexTranslation.1.It is possible to _(选出选出)a few pioneers of the 20th century.2.The navy turned to Eckert to _(解决难题解决难题)the problem.3.The first world computer was _(一点也不像一点也不像)our computer today.single outwrestle withnothing like4.These pioneers of the 20th century were _(对对做出贡献做出贡献)improving the quality of human life.5._(毫无疑问毫无疑问).Without the discoveries,the world would have been a completely different place.dedicated toThere is no doubtRewrite the five scientific breakthroughs mentioned in the text in about 150 words.Time Name Discovery How Influence 1905 after the First World War Albert Einstein Theory of relativity Sudden inspirationNot mentionedEdwin Hubble expanding universeBy using the most high-power telescope of the time proved the universe was vastly larger than previously thought Complete the tableTime Name Discovery How Influence 1929 1946 Fleming penicillin by accident helping to save livesEckert&Mauchly the first computer working hard not mentioned 1.Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation“E=mc2”.2.Einstein participated in the program that developed the nuclear bomb.3.Einstein observed changes in time,size and mass.FDecide if these statements true or false or no information.Use the strategies to help.NIT4.Hubble studied the universe for over twenty years.5.Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than we thought it was.6.Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.7.There was a blue mould around the bacteria in the dish.8.Fleming developed the process for making penicillin.NITFFNI9.The first computer project failed to meet its original goal.10.The first computer was extremely difficult to program.11.The scientists who discovered microwaves invented microwave ovens.12.Today,it is possible to donate your heart to hospital when you die.NITNIT