牛津英语AUnitKnowyourselfGrammar张.pptx

Unit 1 Know yourself (Grammar A)AND，OR，BUT，SO1.or否则 相当于一个否定条件句。Hurryup,oryoullbelate.快点，否则你就要迟到了。(Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.)2.and这样的话，就会，相当于一个肯定条件句 Studyhard,andyoucangetgoodgrades.努力学习，你就会取得高分。(Ifyoustudyhard,youcangetgoodgrades.)3.but但是，可是，而 前后分句是转折关系 MrMottisverypoor,buthefeelshappy.Mott先生很穷，但他感到快乐。4.so于是，因此 并列具有因果关系的两个分句。WewantedtolearntheEnglishsongs,soweaskedtheteachertoteachus.我们想学英文歌，于是请老师教我们。Theskyisblue.Everythingisbeautiful.Theskyisblueand everythingisbeautiful.The GoldenGateBridgeisinteresting.TheGoldenGateBridgeiswonderful.TheGoldenGateBridgeisinterestingand wonderful.andandThepyramidsaresmallbut lookjustliketherealones.Thepyramidsaresmall.Thepyramidslookjustliketherealones.Thepyramidsaresmall.Wearelookingforwardtovisitingit.Thepyramidsaresmallbut wearelookingforwardtovisitingit.butbutIwillvisitParisbymyself.MymotherwillshowmearoundParis.IwillvisitParisbymyselformymotherwillshowmearoundParis.IwillgotoFrancebyplane.IwillgotoFrancebytrain.IwillgotoFrancebyplaneor bytrain.ororTaking the plane is very fast.We can go there by plane.Taking the plane is very fast soTaking the plane is very fast sowe can go there we can go there by plane.1.Iamactiveandenergetic.Iloveworkingwithpeople.2.Hedoesntliketotalkmuch.Hisworkshouts.用用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”连接连接句子。句子。I am active and energetic，and I love working with people.He doesnt like to talk much,but he is work shouts.We useand”to join ideas that are similar.We usebut to join ideas that are different.3.Icanbeagoodteacher.Icanbeagooddoctor.=Icanbeagoodteacher_agooddoctor.4.Hedoesnotlikesinging.Hedoesnotlikedancing.=Hedoesnotlikesinging_dancing.用用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”填空。填空。or or We use or to introduce another possibility.In negetive sentences,(在否定句中在否定句中)we use or to join two or more ideas.Iwanttosharethebestartwithpeople.Iamalwayssearchingforsomethingbetterordifferent.=Iwanttosharethebestartwithpeople,_Iamalwayssearchingforsomethingbetterordifferent.用用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”填空。填空。so We use so to express the result of sth.“因此因此”We useand to join ideas that are similar.We use but to join ideas that are different.We use or to introduce another possibility.(In negetive sentences,we use or to join two or more ideas.)We use so to express the result of sth.一一.用用and,but,or或或so 填空填空1.We went there by bus _ we got there on time.2.Would you like some apples _bananas?3.I want to go traveling,_ I havent got enough money.4.You can find some news _ interesting stories on the Internet.5.He is only a child,_ he knows a lot.andorbutandbut5.Which is better,Class 1 _ Class 2?6.She is too fat,_ she has to do more exercise.7.Peter_ James is going to give us a talk about English tomorrow.8.I help him _he helps me.9.Tom was hungry,_ his mother made him a sandwitchorsoorandso二二.用用and,but,or改写句子改写句子1.It is sunny.Our city looks more beautiful.2.He invited me to the meeting.I am very busy so I cant go.It is sunny,and our city looks more beautiful.He invited me to the meeting,but I am very busy so I cant go.3.On Sunday you can go horse riding.You can listen to pop music at home.4.The little boy is very young.He knows more things than the other children.On Sunday you can go horse riding or listen to pop music at home.The little boy is very young,but he knows more things than the other childern.P12 1.Kitty is kind,but sometimes she is impatient.2.Billy would not accept others advice or think twice.3.Judy is gentle,so/and she never gets angry with others.4.Suzy worries too much,so she cannot sleep well sometimes.1.Mary likes music_Tom is found of sports.A.and B.but C.both A and B2.I failed again,_ I wont give up.A.and B.but C.so3.This is my first lesson,_ I dont know your names.A.and B.but C.soand :表对等表对等 “和、并且和、并且”but:表转折表转折 “但是但是”so:表因果表因果 “所以所以”and,or,but,so 基本用法基本用法4.Which do you like better,apples,_ pears?A.and B.but C.or5.Now we have no time _ money.A.so B.and C.oror:1.用于用于疑问疑问句句,表表选择选择 2.用于用于否定否定句句,表表并列并列6.Try your best _ youll make more progress.A.and B.but C.or7.Dont lose heart,_ youll lose all.A.and B.so C.orand and 和和 or or 都可以在祈使句中使用都可以在祈使句中使用.and 通常是比较好的结果通常是比较好的结果;or 则表示不愉快或不理想的结果则表示不愉快或不理想的结果.and,or,but,so 基本用法基本用法8.Its getting warmer _ warmer.A.and B.but C.or9.He or the twins _ the USA.A.comes from B.come from C.is from10.Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk.A.am B.is C.areadj.比比+and+adj.比比 表示越来越表示越来越A or B 和和 not A but B 结构作主语时，结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用谓语动词要使用就近原则就近原则。and,or,but,so 特殊用法特殊用法11.Although I have passed the exam,_ I am not pleased with the result.A.and B.but C./and,or,but,so 特殊用法特殊用法although 和和 but 不能同时出现。不能同时出现。12.Both Peter and I _ going to Guangzhou.A.are B.is C.am13.Either apples or rice _ Ok.I am hungry.A.are B.is C./14.Neither I nor my parents _ to tell you the truth.A.wants B.want C.is going to15.Not only I but also Jane _ sure that well win.A.is B.are C.ambothandeitherorneithernornot onlybut also以上结构做主语，除以上结构做主语，除bothbothandand 谓语要用复数谓语要用复数外，其余都使用就近原则。外，其余都使用就近原则。“so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”小小诊所：so前面的句子都是肯定句。若前面的句子是否定句,那就不能用so引导这个句子了,而应该用“Neither/Nor+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”(某人也不）“HeisaChinese.”“SoamI.”“Tomcandance.”“SocanMary.”“MotherwillgotoBeijing.”“SowillI.”IhavebeentoAmerica.SohasLiLei.ShelikesEnglish.Sodothey.Lilyplayedbasketyesterday.SodidLucy.（某人也是）表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者，在时态上应和前一句保持一致，但两句的主语应是不同的两人。例如：.“Neither/Nor+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”(某人也不）表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者，前后两句的主语是不同的。“HeisntaChinese.”“NeitheramI.”“Tomcantdance.”“NeithercanMary.”“MotherwontgotoBeijing.”“NeitherwillI.”IhaventbeentoAmerica.NeitherhasLiLei.ShedoesntlikeEnglish.Neitherdothey.-Lilydidntplaybasketballyesterday.-NeitherdidLucy.“Idontlikeplayingwiththatgirl.”“Neitherdoeshe.”“so+主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词”(的确如此）两句中的主语是同一人-Itsabaddaytoday.-Soitis.-JohnstudiesEnglishwell.-Sohedoes.()1.-Iusedtogooutforawalkaftersupper.-_.A.SodoIB.SodidIC.NeitherdidID.SoIdid()2.-Shehasanicewatch.-_.A.SohassheB.SoshehasC.SodoessheD.Soshedoes()3.-Marywasntinvitedyesterday.-_.A.SowasIB.NeitherwasIC.SodidID.NeitherdidI()4.-Annhasmadegreatprogressrecently.-_and_.A.Sohasshe;sohaveyouB.Sohasshe;soyouhaveC.Soshehas;soyouhaveD.Soshehas;sohaveyouBDBD Unit 1 Know yourself (Grammar B)BOTH Both可作形容词、代词或副词用，意思是可作形容词、代词或副词用，意思是“两个两个”、“双方双方”、“两个都两个都”。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。如：如：Both are right.(主语主语)I like both.(宾语宾语)Both pencils are mine.(同位语）同位语）三者呢？三者呢？BOTH一、一、Both和和both of后都可接复数名词，构成名词词组。后都可接复数名词，构成名词词组。Both后的名词前可有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词后的名词前可有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定，也可没有；作修饰限定，也可没有；both of后的名词前却一定要有后的名词前却一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定。定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定。both(the theseboth(the these，her)childrenher)childrenboth of the(theseboth of the(these，her)childrenher)children；both of childrenboth of children。Both of后可接人称代词宾格，后可接人称代词宾格，both后则不可；但人称代词后则不可；但人称代词宾格后可接宾格后可接both。both of us(youboth of us(you，them)them)both us(youboth us(you，them)them)us(youus(you，them)boththem)both二、二、Both与动词连用时，大多数放在系动词与动词连用时，大多数放在系动词be之后，其它动之后，其它动词之前。词之前。His parents workers.They reading.若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时，若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时，both大多放在大多放在第一个情态动词或助动词之后。第一个情态动词或助动词之后。The bridges be built this year.kate and Mary gone to England.are bothare bothboth enjoyboth enjoymust bothmust both have bothhave both 三、三、Both可与可与and构成并列连词，连接两个性质相同并在构成并列连词，连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构。句中作相同成分的并行结构。Both he and his brother are good at English.(连接两连接两个主语个主语)She can both dance and sing.She can both dance and sing.(连接两个谓语动词连接两个谓语动词连接两个谓语动词连接两个谓语动词)(连接两个表语连接两个表语连接两个表语连接两个表语)Mary is both kind and beautiful.Mary is both kind and beautiful.她能歌善舞。玛丽既友善又漂亮。both+名词复数名词复数of the ns/代词代词.and.作作主语主语看作看作复数复数1.二个女孩都来自英国。二个女孩都来自英国。2.科学和数学二门都很难。科学和数学二门都很难。_ _ _ _ England._ _ _ _ _ England.Both girls are/come fromBoth of the girlsare/comefrom_ science _ maths _ hard.Bothandare3.I can speak _ Chinese _ English.both and四、含四、含both的句子变为否定时，是将的句子变为否定时，是将both改为改为neither。Both of the boys are clever.Both of the boys are clever.Both of the boys are not cleverBoth of the boys are not clever.Neither of the boys are clever.Neither of the boys are clever.两个男孩都聪明。两个男孩都聪明。两个男孩都不聪明。两个男孩都不聪明。并不是两个男孩都聪明并不是两个男孩都聪明(一个聪明一个愚笨一个聪明一个愚笨)。不完全否定不完全否定含含bothand的句子变为否定句时，将的句子变为否定句时，将bothand改改为为neithernor.，连接的两个部分若是名词，可以是单，连接的两个部分若是名词，可以是单数，也可以是复数。数，也可以是复数。I know both the man and the woman.I know both the man and the woman.Both beats and birds would have the bat as their friend.Both beats and birds would have the bat as their friend.I know neither the man nor the womanI know neither the man nor the woman.Neither beats nor birds would have the bat as their friend.Neither beats nor birds would have the bat as their friend.NOT ONLY.BUT(ALSO).不但不但而且而且 1.not only.but(also).在句中常用来连接在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，两个对等的成分，also可以省略。如：可以省略。如：He is learning not only English but(also)French.（连接两个宾语）（连接两个宾语）他不但在学英语，而且还在学法语。他不但在学英语，而且还在学法语。She speaks Russian not only in class but(also)at home.她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。（连接两个地（连接两个地点状语）点状语）2.NOT ONLY.BUT(ALSO).用来连用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循数遵循“就近原则就近原则”，即和，即和BUT(ALSO)后的名词或代词的数一致。后的名词或代词的数一致。如：如：NotonlyZhouXiabutalsoherparentsarefondofwatchingfootballmatches.不但周霞，而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。Notonlyyoubutalsoheistiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.不但你，而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试。3.NOT ONLY.BUT(ALSO).连接两个分句，当NOT ONLY位于句首，前一个分句常用部分倒装来表示强调，而BUT(ALSO)后的分句仍用陈述语序。如：Not only is the teacher himself interested in foreign films，but also all his students are beginning to show an interest in them.不但老师自己对外国电影感兴趣，就连他所有的学生也开始对外国电影感兴趣了。Not only does Miss Li like music,but(also)she likes sports.李小姐不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。4.not only but also 中的中的 not only 不能不能分开使用，但分开使用，但 but also 却可以分开使用。例却可以分开使用。例如：如：The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain，but some bridges were also washed away.5.not only but also 连接两个并列成连接两个并列成分时，可以省略分时，可以省略 but 或或 also，也可以把，也可以把 but also 都省略掉。例如：都省略掉。例如：I not only heard it but（also）saw it.He was not only compelled（被迫）（被迫）to stay at home，（，（but）also forbidden（禁止）（禁止）to see his friend.She not only finished the task ahead of time，（but also）she came to help us.【注意注意】使用中注意两点：使用中注意两点：1、就近。指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。、就近。指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。Not only the students but also the teacher reads English every day.2、一致。、一致。not only 与与 but also后面所接的后面所接的词类要一致。词类要一致。She can not only sing but also dance.【用法小结用法小结】1.not only but also 应连接两个相对称的并列应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如：成分。例如：Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago.（连接两个主语）（连接两个主语）I not only play tennis but also practise shooting.（连接两个谓语动词）（连接两个谓语动词）He plays not only the piano but also the violin.（连接两个宾语）（连接两个宾语）They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory.（连接两个地点状语）（连接两个地点状语）Either-or-Neither-nor-either:指两者中的任意一个。either.or.意为或者或者；不是就是之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分 neither:指两者中没有一个，全否定。neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。Bent:HiSam,whatdoyouthink?Wecangotothetombtoday.Wecanalsogotheretomorrow.Sam:Letsgotomorrow.Thestudentsarealltootiredtoday.Onecomplainedthattheroomwasnotcleanandnotcomfortable.Wecangotothetombeithertodayortomorrow.Onecomplainedthattheroomwasneitherneithercleannorverycomfortable.Ben:Well,Ithinktheroomsareverycleanandcomfortable,andIsleptverywellinmine.DidyounoticethatMarcoand Peterdidnotcometothetalk?Sam:Isupposetheyweretired,butthatsnotaverygoodexcuse.Well,aftervisitingtheruinstomorrow,wecanthenrelax.WecangototheDragonRestaurant.ThePhoenixRestaurantisalsoverygood.DidyounoticethatneitherMarconorPetercometothetalk?WecaneithergototheDragonRestaurantorthePhoenixRestaurant.EITHER-OR-EitheryouorIcangotheretomorrow.subjectIeitherstayathomeorgoshopping.verbWecouldchoosetoeateithernoodlesorrice.objectTheyaregoingthereeitherbytrainorbyair.adverbialNEITHER-NOR-NeitheryounorIcangotheretomorrow.subjectIneitherstayathomenorgoshopping.verbWecouldchoosetoeatneithernoodlesnorrice.objectTheyaregoingthereneitherbytrainnorbyair.adverbialTRY TO CORRECT THE FOLLOWING MISTAKES IF ANYWhenthegirlishappy,sheeithersingsordances.Eithermyuncleormyparentsisgoingtheretomorrow.Neithertheynorsheisgoodatdrawing.Hedoesnotdoit,eitherdoeshetry.Eitherofthefilmsisgood.Thereweretreesandflowersoneithersideofthestreet.areneither Ifyoudontgototheparty,Idonttoo.AreeitheryouorIgoingtheretomorrow?Bothdadandmumisathometoday.Neitherofhiscatshasbeenfed.BothheandIareright.eitherareEither用于句末，表示否定的“也”，类似tooEither+nounEitherof+nounEither-or-就近原则Neither用于句首，表示否定的“也”，倒装（nor）Neither+nounNeitherof+nounNeither-nor-就近原则TRY TO DISTINGUISH-Neitherteacheroftenanswersthequestions.这两个老师，没有一个经常解答问题。Eitherteacheroftenanswersthequestions.这两个老师中有一们常常解答问题。Idontknowbothhisteachers.他的两位老师我并非都认识。（半否定）Iknowneitherhisteachers.他的老师我都不认识。（全否定）SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION1.Jimdoesntlikefootball.Tomdoesntlikefootball，either.=Jimdoesntlikefootball.Neither（nor）doesTom.=NeitherJimnorTomlikesfootball.2.HecantspeakeitherJapaneseorChinese.=HecanspeakneitherJapanesenorChinese.Eitheryouorhehaslunchatschool.其一般疑问句应为：Doeitheryouorhehavelunchatschool?是你还是他在学校吃午饭？?bothand，too，用于肯定句与neithernor，either，是相反的Susanlikesplayingtheviolin.Shirleylikesplayingit，too.=Susanlikesplayingtheviolin，sodoesShirley.=BothSusanandShirleylikeplayingtheviolin.Amys family and classmates B1 Amy is writing about what her family does at the weekend.Help her complete the sentences with the correct conjunctions.1._ my dad _ my mum goes to work at the weekend.We visit my grandparents on Saturdays.2._ my mum _ my grandma are good at cooking.They cook lunch for us.3._ my mum _ my dad does the dishes after lunch.I also help with it.4.In the afternoon,my grandpa and my dad _ play chess _ chat with each other.5.My mum _ helps clean the rooms for my grandparents _ does some shopping for them.Amy and Suzy are talking about what jobs their classmates can do in the future.Complete their conversation with the correct conjunctions and the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.B2Amy:Suzy:Amy:Ive learnt about jobs and personalities recently.Really?What jobs do you think our classmates can do in the future?I think Millie would make an excellent teacher.Shes(1)_ willing to work with children _ patient with them.What about Simon?Hes active and good at playing football.I think he can be (2)_ a PE teacher _ a football player.Do you think David and Lisa can be artists?Theyre very organized,but artists should be creative.(3)_ Davids _ Lisas personality(4)_(be)suitable for being an artist,Im afraid.Who can be a manager?(5)_ Judy _ Paul (6)_(be)very confident and energetic.I think they can be managers.How can I learn about jobs and personalities?You can read about them (7)_ from some books _ on the Internet.Suzy:Amy:Suzy:Amy:Suzy:Amy:Suzy:Amy:巩固练习：()1.CanIparkmycarhere？Yes，youcanparkon()sideofthestreet.（苏州市）A.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.all()2.WeaskedJohnandHenrysomeeasyquestions，but()ofthemcouldanswerthem.（上海市）A.noneB.bothC.allD.neither()3.Whichismoreuseful，biologyorchemistry？Ithink()themareuseful.（广州市）A.eitherofB.noneofC.bothofD.allof()4.()Lily()Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.（吉林省）A.Notonly；butalsoB.Neither；norC.Both；andD.Either；orADCD正误辨析正误辨析1.误误 Both my parents are not here.They went to the concert just now.正正 Neither of my parents is here.They went to the concert just now.析析 在英语中在英语中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：汉语，如：Both of us are not right.在英语中应被理解为在英语中应被理解为我们俩不都对。我们俩不都对。而而Neither of us is right。才能被理解为才能被理解为我们俩无一正确