高三英语一轮复习非谓语动词2.pptx

非谓语动词（2）非谓语动词作定语一.不定时作定语1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定时后面需有相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time/place/way时，不定式后面的介词通常省去。He had no money and place to live(in).2.不定时作定语的几种情况（1）不定式表将来The car to be bought is for his sister.(2)用来修饰被序数词，最高级或no/all/any等限定的中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal n the Olympic Games.(3)有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而他们也常跟不定式作定语。常见的有promise/plan/attempt/offer/decision/refusalFailure/ability/chance/warning/anxiety/eagerness/willingness/readiness等I dont trust his promise to come for a visit.(比较 He promised to come for a visit.)He said he had no plans to go there.(比较 He didnt plan to go there.)Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.(比较 Birds warn other birds to stay away.)He made an attempt to stand up.(比较 He attempted to stand up.)题组训练 单项填空The ability _ an idea is as important asThe idea itself.A.expressing B.expressedC.to express D.to be expressedWith the world changing fast,we have something new_ with all by ourselves Every day.A.deal B.Dealt C.to deal D.dealingCC3.不定式的主动形式和被动形式(1）不定时修饰的名词或代词和不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon?(The knife cut the watermelon.)(2)不定时和他前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，有何该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。She has a sister to look after.(She looks after her sister.)(3)There be 句型中，当说话人考虑的是必须由人去完成某件实时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。There is a lot of work to do.(Some one has to do the work.)There is a lot of work to be done.(The work has to be done.)二.分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为：v-ingBing+过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与动词为主动关系时，用v-ing;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用bing+过去分词；当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系时，用过去分词。The houses being built are for the teachers.（被动，正在进行）“Things lost never come again.”I couldnt helptalking to myself.（被动，完成）I have never seen a more moving movie.(主动，表特征）2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为v-ing和过去分词。V-ing可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态。boiling water 正在沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiled water 白开水（表完成）a good looking flower一朵好看的花（表特征）falling leaves正在落下的树叶（正在进行）fallen leaves已经落下的叶子（表完成）developing countries发展中国家（正在进行）developed countries发达国家（表完成）3.英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到的”，过去分词形式表示“感到的”an exciting voice一个令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice一个兴奋的声音 a puzzling expression一个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression一个困惑的表情题型训练 单项填空The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than forty pounds must be in a child seat.A.being weighted B.to weighC.weighted D.weighingRecently a survey _prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A.compared B.comparing C.compare D.being comparedDB三.to be done/done和being done作定语的区别。to be dong 表被动将来 done 表被动 being done表被动进行Have you read the novel written by Dickens?(表被动完成）Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.(表被动正在进行）The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.(表被动将来）题组训练 单项填空The players _from the whole countryAre expected to bring us honor in this game.A.selecting B.to selectC.selected D.having selectedHis first book _ next month is based on a true story.A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being publishedCB四.现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别现在分词作定语时，所修饰的名词是现在分词的逻辑主语。动名词作定语表示的是被修饰名词的作用，用途等所修饰的名词不是动名词的逻辑主语。a moving truck 正在移动的卡车 a sleeping bag 一个睡袋 a walking stick 一根拐杖