高三英语一轮复习英语阅读理解解题策略之猜测词义题教学共54张.pptx

Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension英语阅读理解解题策略之英语阅读理解解题策略之英语组英语组 罗秀珍罗秀珍Question Forms1.The word“”refers to _.2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word“”?3.By“”the writer means(refers to)_.4.The meaning of the word is closest to _.5.The word“”could best be replaced by _.6.The underlined word“”in the first paragraph probably means _.你知道以下单词或短语的意思吗？你知道以下单词或短语的意思吗？猜猜看！猜猜看！when pigs fly john warm up:1.when pigs flyA:Do you think Mary will quit her job now that shes pregnant?B:When pigs fly!There is no way she is giving up her career.天方夜谈，太阳从西边出来天方夜谈，太阳从西边出来2.johnTim drank too much water last night,so he went to visit john twice.厕所厕所你知道以下单词或短语的意思吗？你知道以下单词或短语的意思吗？when pigs flyjohn 任何一个实词，任何一个实词，只有在一定的只有在一定的上下文中上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义才能表示一个确定的词义。Context(上下文上下文)What is helping you in the context?Useful strategies 猜词技巧猜词技巧Group 1:例例1、2、3&4Keys:例例1：calendar:“is”(下定义下定义)日历日历 例例2：brittle:it will break easily(解解释说明释说明)易碎的，脆的易碎的，脆的例例3：ocelot:“an endangered wild cat”(同位语同位语)一种濒临灭绝的野猫一种濒临灭绝的野猫例例4：The pines:“whose cook”(定语定语从句从句)一家餐厅的名字一家餐厅的名字 Group 1:例例1、2、3&4常见的信号词：常见的信号词：is;mean;that is;thats to say;namely;in other words;to put it another way;such as;like;including;for instance;for example 上下文中有什么？上下文中有什么？生词后的生词后的定语，同位语，举例定语，同位语，举例等等_来推测其意思来推测其意思定义或解释定义或解释You can take one of the periodicals:The World of English or Readers Digest.上下文中有什么？上下文中有什么？标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）：解释、标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）：解释、说明或下定义说明或下定义期刊期刊 杂志杂志Group 2:例例5、6、7&8Keys:例例5：raw:meat that is uncooked 生肉生肉例例6：homely:unlike.handsome 相貌不好看的相貌不好看的 例例 7：supercilious:in contrast humble and modest 目空一切的，傲目空一切的，傲慢的慢的例例8：loquacious:similarly love to talk 健谈的，多话的健谈的，多话的Group 2:例例5、6、7&8当上下文有明显的转折或对比时，应抓住划线单词的_同义词，近义词或反义词同义词，近义词或反义词上下文中有什么？上下文中有什么？表示表示转折转折的词：的词：but,otherwise,however,though,in spite of等等表示表示对比关系对比关系标志性词语：标志性词语：unlike,rather than,while,on the other hand,in contrast,on the contrary,similarly等等Group 3:例例9：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long.Key:“becauseitwastoolong”一定的原因导致一定的结果。可以推测trim是“修剪”的意思。上下文中有什么？上下文中有什么？根据上下文中的根据上下文中的_来推断来推断其中的生词或短语的意思。其中的生词或短语的意思。因果逻辑关系因果逻辑关系因果关系因果关系1.连词连词because,as,since,for,so,thus,as the result,therefore等表示前因后果等表示前因后果.2.动词或动词短语动词或动词短语lead to,cause,result in,result from,bring about等表达因果关系等表达因果关系.常见信号词常见信号词:Group 4:例例10：We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor.Because of this,most traditional crafts no longer exist.Key:mass-produce=mass+produce，“大批量生产大批量生产”构词法（构词法（Word formation)unconditional:无条件的无条件的,绝对的绝对的 adj.adj.condition conditional 情况，条件情况，条件 n.n.有条件的有条件的 adj.adj.unconditional:nonjudgmental:没有判断力的没有判断力的judge judgment judgmental判断判断 v.判断判断 n.adj.nonjudgmental:归纳归纳 根根据据构构词词法法（合合成成、派派生生、转转化化）进进行行判断判断英英语语中中，有有很很多多词词可可以以在在前前面面加加前前缀缀，后后面面加加后后缀缀，从从而而构构成成一一个个词词，乍乍看看起起来来，这这个个词词可可能能是是生生词词，但但掌掌握握了了一一定定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronounce(非自然的非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)Guessing strategies*Using context(上下文）上下文）clues（线索）（线索）*Using word formation（构词法）（构词法）1.定义、解释或举例定义、解释或举例（标点符号）（标点符号）2.同义词、近义词、反同义词、近义词、反义词义词3.因果逻辑关系因果逻辑关系Summary 小结小结Task 3 Practice真题演练真题演练1.1.推断短语含义推断短语含义 (2015新课标卷新课标卷II22)My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately,I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph 1?A.Ended all their programs.B.Provided fewer channels.C.Changed to commercials.D.Showed all-night movies.2.A 推断短语含义。推断短语含义。画线句：这台电视机刚买回画线句：这台电视机刚买回家时非常不错，我一直播放到所有电视台的晚间家时非常不错，我一直播放到所有电视台的晚间节目都节目都。其实，根据常识已猜中十之八九了，。其实，根据常识已猜中十之八九了，再看下一句：幸运的是，没有哪个频道整晚播放再看下一句：幸运的是，没有哪个频道整晚播放电影，否则的话我就不睡觉了。可知，作者看到电影，否则的话我就不睡觉了。可知，作者看到所有电视台的晚间节目结束为止，故选所有电视台的晚间节目结束为止，故选A项。项。2.ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.Manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds(滑板).Thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalongpaths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricatedthepathseitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle.Bonnhasnowtestedthisideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsoversand.3.Theunderlinedpart“lubricatedthepaths”means_.A.madethepathwetB.madethepathhardC.madethepathwideD.madethepathslippery根据上下文的信息暗示，如根据上下文的信息暗示，如 smooth,easier,either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle,可推知，他们使用湿的黏土或可推知，他们使用湿的黏土或牛的脂肪的目的是使道路变得光滑，这样才能更轻松地移动石块。牛的脂肪的目的是使道路变得光滑，这样才能更轻松地移动石块。3.The words“chocolate snobs”in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _.A.are particular about chocolateB.know little about cocoa beansC.look down upon othersD.like to try new flavors.A 推断短语含义。推断短语含义。根据起补充说明作用的非限根据起补充说明作用的非限制性定语从句制性定语从句“who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others”(这些人认为这些人认为自己比其他人更了解巧克力自己比其他人更了解巧克力)可知，只有可知，只有A项项“are particular about chocolate”(对巧克力很挑对巧克力很挑剔剔)相符，故选相符，故选A项。项。同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。1.The purpose of the campaign was to catch“ringers”,students who take tests for other students.冒名替考者冒名替考者 2.Although the early morning had been very cool,the noonday sun was tropical.3.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.热的热的恶化恶化 4.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because she was using the wrong key.5.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.6The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.徒劳的，无效的徒劳的，无效的凋谢凋谢,枯萎枯萎浑浊不清的浑浊不清的7.Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.8.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置1.(广东广东2014D)However,ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way-by studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years experience,he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation2.I died eight times during my coma and I couldnt talk or communicate when I woke up.Walking was never going to happen again due to all the extreme injuries.Just like my body,my dreams were almost shattered.But I was not going to let my injuries prevent me from living my dreams.What does the underlined word“shattered”in Paragraph 3 mean?A begun B.destroyed C.shared D.taken 3.(广东广东2008A)Parents and kids today dress alike,listen to the same music,and are friends.Is this a good thing?Sometimes,when Mr.Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter,Elizabeth,listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy,such as pop culture,he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom,Hey,the new Weezer album is really great.How do you like it?”says Ballmer.“There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf.From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations,earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation4.However,some 165 million children suffer from long-term undernutrition,leading to 3.1 million child deaths every year.It also leaves many of those children that do survive permanently impaired and unable to reach their full potential.What does the underlined word“impaired”in Paragraph 2 mean?A cared.B.needed.C.harmed.D.supported.5.（广东（广东2010B）It is probably not your fault,but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation,you are a loser.You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.However,you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.This is the winners key to success.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .A avoid B.accept C.improve D consider 6.In Kennons opinion,however,the cat was a hopeless case.Many doctors would have put down such a badly hurt animal.But she couldnt be so cruel.The kittens bright eyes and sad face had won her over.There was no way of finding his owner,so Kennon,a single woman aged 56,decided to keep him.7.Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly,the younger one,admiring her dress,her hair and her smile.They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age.I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big“to do”over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt.We do it with the best of intentions.But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child.The underlined expression“make a big to do over”(paragraph 4)means _.A.show much concern aboutB.have a special effect onC.list jobs to be done forD.do good things for3.(广东广东07A)However,men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time.They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun.They marked the hours on candles,used sand in hour-glasses,and invented water-clocks.Indeed,any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces,stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 meansA.state-owned houses B.houses in very good conditionC.grand houses open to the publicD.houses where statesmen meet regularly8.However,some 165 million children suffer from long-term undernutrition,leading to 3.1 million child deaths every year.It also leaves many of those children that do survive permanently impaired and unable to reach their full potential.What does the underlined word“impaired”in Paragraph 2 mean?A cared.B.needed.C.harmed.D.supported.例例3：Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味),we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.Key:我们从上下文知道，所谓rawmeat即uncookedmeat，raw和uncooked是同义词，因此可推测其意思是“未煮熟过的，生的”。例4：Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome man,John is quite homely.Key:这句中unlike是关键词，它提示John与他的兄弟的情况相反。据此可知handsome与homely是反义词，故可推测homely的意思是“相貌不好看的”。例例5：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long.Key:一定的原因导致一定的结果，其中必然有逻辑上的联系。在本例中，从句becauseitwastoolong是推测trim的主要依据，结合主句中的关键词语（理发师等），可以推测trim是“修剪”的意思。例6：In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today.Key:由同位语anendangeredwildcat可以推测出ocelot是“一种濒临灭绝的野猫”。例例8：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.Key:句中短语句中短语in contrast 表示表示对比、转折关对比、转折关系系，从而可以推测出，从而可以推测出supercilious 意思是意思是not humble or modest，即，即“目空一切的，目空一切的，傲慢的傲慢的”的意思。的意思。例例7：Here is The Pines,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food,such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.Key:通过定语从句可以推测出ThePines是一家餐馆的名字。例例9：Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.Key:该句中的副词similarly表明lovestotalk与loquacious之间的比较关系，从而可以推断出loquacious是“健谈的”的意思。例例10：We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor.Because of this,most traditional crafts no longer exist.Key:根据构词法，mass-produce是由mass和produce合成，从而可以推测出mass-produce是“大批量生产”的意思。Homework考点练透Task 4