系表结构精讲精练.doc

主系表结构精讲精练
主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。 系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语，必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语.简单地说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
一　连系动词：
A、根据动作可分为三类：be 动词，感官动词，趋势动词.
1) Be 动词：am， is, are， was， were
2） 感官动词：sound, look， taste， feel, smell
3） 趋势动词：appear， become， grow， get， turn， seem， remain
B、根据状态系动词可分为：
1。表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound；
2.表示状态延续的 remain， stay, keep， continue， stand；
3.表示状态变化的 become, get， turn， go, run, fall， come， grow;
二　表语：
下列成分都可以做表语：名词， 形容词，副词, 动词不定式,动名词，现在分词,过去分词，表语从句．
1） 名词:　 I am a student。
2） 形容词:　 He became strong.
3） 副词：　 She remained there.
4) 现在分词:　The story seemed interesting.
5） 过去分词：　The windows seemed broken。
6） 动名词：　 His job is teaching English.
7) 动词不定式：Her plan is to become the winner in the game。
三、分类讲解
（1） 状态系动词：只有be一词。如：
She is always like that. 她总是那样。
I am used to going about alone。 我习惯于独来独往。
These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿太小.
注：动词be，若是用于进行时态或者被动语态,则不是系动词,而是助动词.
I am playing basketball.
He is hit by one brick。
(2) 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain， stay， rest， lie, stand。如：
I hope you’ll keep fit。 我希望你身体好。
He always kept silent at meeting。 他开会时总保持沉默.
The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。
We can remain friends。 我们可以继续做朋友。
Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。
He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。
(3） 表像系动词:表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等.如：
He looks tired。 他看起来很累.
He seems （to be) quite happy。 他好像很快活。
The doctor seemed very capable。 那医生似乎很能干。
He appeared quite well。 他显得身体相当好。
He appeared taken aback。 他似乎很吃惊。
She appeared perplexed. 她显得迷惑不解。
（4） 感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来,感觉) , smell（闻起来) , sound(听起来） , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等.如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。
He looks honest， but actually he’s a rogue.
他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋.
They all look alike to me。 他们的模样我看起来都一样。
Everybody feels contented。 每个人都感到很满足.
Ice feels cold. 冰感觉起来是凉的。
Silk feels soft and smooth。 丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑.
It sounds a good idea。 这听起来是个好主意。
This food tastes good。 这菜好吃。
(5) 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow， turn， fall, get, go， come， run如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She had grown thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。
His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒越来越严重了。
She's growing fat。 她正在发胖。
He’s grown used to it. 他对此已经习惯。
When she saw this， she turned red。 她看到这,脸红了.
His hair turned grey in a few weeks.
在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了
The milk will soon turn sour. 牛奶很快就会变酸。
Several people fell ill， victims of blood poisoning.
几个人生病了,都是血中毒的受害者。
We get wiser as we get old.
随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了。
Your hair has gone quite white! 你的头发全白了!
She went pale at the news。 听到这消息，她脸色变得苍白。
When I mentioned it to him he went red。
我对他提及此事时他脸红了。
He went mad。 他疯了。
The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不能挨饿.
(6) 终止系动词：主要有prove， turn out（结果是，证明是) 等。如：
His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。
His advice proved sound. 他的劝告证明是对的。
My intuition turned out to be correct。 我的直觉证明是对的。
四、主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况 
　(一）否定形式： 
1。 主语＋ be ( is ， am ， are ） not ＋表语。 
2. 主语＋助动词（ do/ does )＋ not ＋ feel/ smell/ look…… ＋表语。例如： 
She is a good girl。 → She is not a good girl。 
You look happy. → You don’t look happy. 
It smells bad。 → It doesn’t smell bad。 
　(二）一般疑问句形式: 
1。 Be （ Is / Am/ Are )＋主语＋表语？ 
2. 助动词（ Do/ Does ）＋主语＋动词原形＋表语？例如： 
This girl is in Row One. → Is this girl in Row One？ 
She feels terrible。 → Does she feel terrible? 
We look excited。 → Do you look excited? 
五、主系表精练
（）1。 -What is Mr Wang like?
—____。
A. He is a teacher B。 He is old and kind
C. He looks like a balloon D。 He likes English
()2。 What Mr White said sounds____.
A。 friendly B。 wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely
（)3。 The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three。
A. turned B。 goes C。 became D. went
（)4。 When he was a child he____ .
A。 grew patience B。 was alive C. ran wild(放荡不羁) D。 came true
(）5。 His voice____ as if he has a cold.
A。 sounds B. listens C。 hears D. seems
（）6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton。
A。 is B. looks C. feels D. seems
（）7。 He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month
A。 that B。 as if C。 when D。 so far
（）8. It ____that he was late for the train。
A. looks B. turns C。 gets D。 seems
（)9。 These apples taste_____.
A. to he good B. to be well C。 well D. good
(）10。 —Do you like the shirt？
—Yes， it ____ very soft.
A. feels B. felt C。 is feeling D。 is felt
（)11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep
A. kept B。 got C。 fell D. fall
（）12. When I went home yesterday， it was ____ dark.
A。 going B。 getting C。 running D. coming
（）13. Their plan ____ to be a perfect one.
A. proved B。 was proved C. is proving D。 proving
（）14。 The flowers in the garden ____ sweet.
A. sound B。 taste C。 become D。 smell
（)15。 She____ like her mother in character。
A. looks B。 seems C。 is D. feels
（）16. He ____ much younger than he really is。
A。 appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns
（)17. You____ very pale. Do you feel sick?
A。 looked B. look C。 looking D. are looked
（)18. His wish to become a driver has ____true.
A。 turned B. realized C。 come D. grown
(）19. Her father ____a writer.
A。 turned B。 grew C. has turned D. has become
（）20、He has suddenly ill．
A、fallen B、turn C、become D、go
答案与分析
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