表语从句用法.doc

表语从用法
1. 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句
2. 引导表语的从句的关联词的种类
（1） 从属连词that。 The trouble is that I have lost his address。
The reason was that he was late for school.
(2）从属连词whether， as, as if
He looked just as he had lookedten years before。
The question is whether they will be able to help us.
注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句.All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
The key is whether we can solve the problem.
It looked as if it was going to rain.
注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look， sound等
He looked just as he had looked ten years before。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door。
（3) 连接代词who， whom， whose, what, which， whoever， whatever， whichever 在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。
The problem is who we can get to replace her。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the agreement.
My question is who left.
(4) 连接副词where, when, how, why
What I wonder is when he left. This is where they once lived。
That is why he didn’t come here。
The question is how he did it。
(5） 连词because 可引导表语从句。注意：because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等不用于引导表语从句。
I think it is because you are doing too much。
It's just because he doesn’t know her。
That's because he didn’t understand me.(That’s because…强调原因)
That’s why he got angry with me。(That's why…强调结果）
注意:在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。 Should+动词原形表示,should可省略。
My suggestion is that we (should） start early tomorrow。
一坚持(insisit）二命令(command, order）三建议（suggest， advise, propose）四要求（desire, demand， require, request)
四．注意事项（重点看）
1。 表语从句要用陈述语序。
That is where the famous scientist was born.
This is why she is so happy today。
2. that和what在引导的表语从句
that本身没有词义,在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；what则表示“所…的(人或事）",在表语从句中充当主语或宾语等。
That facet is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.
3. if与whether均意为“是否”引导的表语从句是，只能用whether，不能用if。The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
4. 语气
（1） 主语为advice， order, idea， notion， proposal, suggestion, request等一些表示“建议,劝说，命令”的名词，之后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。Should+动词原形表示，should可省略。
My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
(2） as if / though引导的表语从句时，从句谓语多用虚拟语气.这是因为从句中的情况与事实不相符。
具体来说，如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式；如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词“had+done”，如果从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would（might, could)+动词原形.
Li Lei is now in a new jacket he looks as if he were an American boy.
The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon.
It seems as if she had been to the moon many times。
但是，如果as if, as though引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符,从句则用陈述语气.
The clouds are gathering。 It looks as if it is going to rain.
5。 时态 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主语时态和从句时态可以不一致。
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow。
The question is why he cried yesterday。
系动词分类:
一． 根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语动词,如be, seem）和半系动词（其后既跟表语作系动词用法，也可以跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look）
1) He looked sadly at the boy. (看着,实义动词用法)
He looks a clever boy. (看起来,系动词用法）
2）He looks at a clever boy.(看着,实义动词用法）
在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法.
二．根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类:
A．五大感官系动词 B。 状态系动词C。 动态系动词 D。双谓语系动词
1.look “看起来像是“，后接adj,n。分词,介词短语，不定式等.
The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.
2.Smell “听起来”，后接adj，分词.The flower smell sweet.
3. sound “听起来“，后接adj,分词。The music sounds sweet。
4. taste “尝起来“，后接adj,分词。The apples taste very good.
5. feel ① “摸起来，给….感觉”;② “觉得”，后接adj， p.p
You will feel better after a night's sleep.
B。状态系动词：
1。 be, “是“,属完全系动词。 I am a student。
2. seem， “似乎，好像“，完全系动词。They seem quite happy.
3。appear，“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词。It appeared (to be） a true story。
4. keep，“保持…的状”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。
You’d better go to bed and keep warm.
5。remain，“仍是”，半系动词. I remained silent.
6. stay “保持(某种状态)”，半系动词，后接adj，过去分词.
The window stayed open all the night.
7. prove“证明是”，半系动词，后接adj，n
The treatment proved to be sucessful.
C. 动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。
1.get “变成，变得……起来”,后接形容那个词，分词，介词短语。
The days are getting longer and longer.
2. fall“进入（某种状态），成为“，后接以下形容词：asleep,lame， silent， ill, sick, flat。 The old men， unable to express himself， fell silent。
My father fell ill and died。
3。 grow “渐渐变得…。.起来,长得" It’s growing warm.
4. turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。
Maple trees turn red in autumn.
It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fien。
5. go, “变成（某种坏的状态）”
The telephone has gone dead. The material has gone a funny colour.
Go 之后常接adj.还有：bad,blind， wild, wrong， sour， hard， hungry， mad, red， with, anger， white, pale， blue, grey
6. become”变成，成为（好坏均可的情况)”
I became interested in drawing. He became angry with me.
They became good friends.
7. come, “变成为（已知的状态),证实为”，后接形容词或前缀un—的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。
His wish to become a pilot has come true。
后面接的形容词还有apart，dear，natural,open,short， right,unstuck， untied。
8. run “变成”，后接adj. The price ran high。
9. make, “达到某种状态，后接形容词，如：sure， certain， merry， bold， free. We must make certain of facts.
D． 双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词功能，后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。
The sun rose red. She stopped and stood quite still.
The snow lay thick on the ground。 He married young.
Lei Feng died young。 He continued silent.
表语从句练习
1。 The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A。 that B。 if C。 when D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because B. that C。 for D。 because of
3。 Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A。 where B。 there C。 there where D。 where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D。 that we can get
5。 What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A。 that B. if C. whether D。不填
6。 The reason is_________I missed the bus.
A。 that B。 when C. why D. what
7. That is __ ___ we were late last time。
A。 that B。 when C。 why D。 what
8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
A。 that B. like C。 as D. as though
9.—I fell sick！ —-I think it is _______ you are doing too much。
A。 why B. when C。 what D. because
10。 The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.
A。 because his mother is ill B。 because of his mother’s being ill
C。 that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill
11。 —He was born here。 —— That is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that B。 what C. why D。 how
12。That is ______ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why
that/what的区别
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A。 What； how are you B. That；how you are
C. How；that you are D。 What;how you are
2. The trouble is__________we are short of tools。
A。 what B。 that C. how D。 why that
3。 America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B。 where C. the place D。 there where
4。 China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ 。
A。 what it used to be B. what it was used to being
C。 what it used to being D. what it was used to be
5。 ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that B。 That … what
C. What … what D. That … what
6。 The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work。
A. that B. which C. what D。 such
高考练习 1 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week 。
-Is that_____ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）
A. why B 。what C。 when D。 where
2 。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through。 （1998 上海）
A. It's the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
3。 See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. （06 全国) A。 when B。 which C. where D。 what
4。 —-— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(2003北京春) --—Oh, that’s _____。 A。 what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D。 when I feel excited
5. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.（2004湖北） A。 the way B. in the way that C. in the way D。 the way which
答案DBACCACDDCCB that/what的区别 DBAAA高考练习ABDA