第二节-增译法教学资料.doc

第二节 增译法

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第二节 增译法

语言本身
文化差异

什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义：为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯，必须增加一些词语，这就叫增译法。试仔细对照如下译例看看此技巧应用的一些情况：
1．I am looking forward to the holidays．
我在等待假日的到来。
I am looking forward to the arrival/coming of the holidays．

“双向英语学习法”
“逆向英语学习法”45-47
“疯狂英语学习法”

2．Much of our morality is customary．
我们大部分的道德观念moral concept都有习惯性。《中式英语之鉴》
3．Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness，affection weakness，thrift avarice．
勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
4．Histories make men wise；poets witty；the mathematics subtle；natural philosophy deep；moral grave；logic and rhetoric able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
(或：历史使人聪明；诗人使人遐想；数学使人精细；格致使人深沉；伦理使人庄严；逻辑和修辞使人能够争论。)(后一种译文虽然偏古并且有个别欠信之处，但与前一种译文相比，几乎有异曲同工之妙，在译文中都使用了增译法或重译法，反复使用了“使人”这两个字。)

5．Reading maketh a full man；conference a ready man；and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

6．We won’t retreat，we never have and never will．
我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。
7．Paris all truth, Versailles all lies; and that lies vented through the mouth of Theirs.
巴黎全是真理，凡尔赛全是谎言，而这种谎言是从梯也尔嘴里发出的。
8．The journey which has brought me to Peking has been a very long one．
Long when measured in miles．Long when measured in time．
我来北京的旅途是漫长的。用里程衡量，它是漫长的。用时间衡量，它也是漫长的。
9．Last summer more than 3000 city welfare employees staged a “work-in’’ during which they showed up at the office but refused to process eases．
上一个夏天，3000多名城市福利救济部门的雇员举行了一次“到职罢工”活动，他们人到了办公室，但拒绝审核要求救济的申请。
10．As an Oriental，I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement．
作为一个东方人，我不得不为你们所取得的历史性成就感到骄傲。
11．I can imagine the almost insuperable obstacles to the unity of a billion-odd people．
我可以想象到要使10亿多人民团结起来将会遇到的几乎不可克服的困难。
12．Theory is something but practice is everything．
理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。
13．Henry Kissinger had slept there before，in July and again in October．
这之前，基辛格在7月和10月两度在那里下榻。
14．Their host carved，poured，served，cut bread，talked，laughed，proposed health．
他们的主人，(又是)割啊，(又是)倒啊，(又是)布菜啊，(又是)切面包啊，(又是)谈啊，(又是)笑啊，(又是)敬酒啊，忙个不停。
15．没有调查就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak．
16．没有眼睛向下的兴趣和决心，是一辈子也不会真正懂得中国的事情的。
Unless a person is interested in turning his eyes downward and is determined to do so，he will never in his life really understand things in China．
17．虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward，whereas conceit makes one lag behind．
18．跑了和尚跑不了庙。
The monk may run away，but the temple can’t run away with him.
19．吃饭防噎，走路防跌。
While eating，take heed that you do not choke；while walking，take heed that you do not fall．
20．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
So long as green hills remain，there will never be a shortage of fire-wood．
21．送君千里，终有一别。
Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles，yet the parting must come at last．
22．小不忍则乱大谋。
If one is not patient in small thing，one will never be able to control great ventures．
23．老同志应支持中青年干部的工作，担负起传、帮、带的任务。
Old veteran cadres should support the young and middle-aged cadres in their work and take upon the task of helping and guiding the latter and passing on experience to them．
24．我们在生产建设中不仅需要创造更多更好的物质产品，而且需要培育一代又一代的社会主义新人。
In production and construction，we should try not only to turn out more and better material products，but also train successive generations of socialist-minded people of a new type．
25．谁都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。
Every one knows that life on the Korean battle-field was rather hard．
26．三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind．
27．一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉要有三个帮。
A fence needs the support of three stakes, an able fellow needs the help of three other people．
28．立党为公，还是立党为私，这是无产阶级政党和资产阶级政党的分水 岭，是真共产党员和假共产党员的试金石。
To build a party for the interests of the vast majority or for the interests of the minority? This is the watershed between proletarian and bourgeois parties and the touchstone for distinguishing true communists from sham．
29．交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation，you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved．Only thus can you do your work well．
30．班门弄斧。
Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 31．只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
The magistrates are free to burn down houses while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps． (One man may steal a horse while another may not look over the hedge．)
增词的情况是各种各样的。总的规则是：为了使译文忠于原文，需要增加什么就增加什么。根据以上31例，大致归纳如下：
1．增译的部分在原文中虽找不出对应词语，但为了忠实传达原文信息，译文非增不可(见例1，23，24，25，26，27，28，30)。
2．增加动词(见例3，4，5，6，7)。
3．增加名词(见例2，9，16)。
4．增加主谓结构(见例8)。
5．增加定语(见例10，11)。
6．增加状语或副词(见例12，13)。
7．增加语气助词(见例14)。
8．增加代词(见例15，22，29)。
9．增加连词(见例17，18，19，20，21，22，31)。汉译英时，增加连词的情况是常见的，因为英语的连词比汉语使用得多。冠词的情况更是如此。
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