2022海淀区高考英语完形填空和阅理暑假自练(3)及答案.docx

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison, chief executive (主管) of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes:　“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions (排放). Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted (授予) the standard, they can use a logo (标识) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.
2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“　　　　”.　
A. affect　　　　B. change　　　　C. disturb　　　　D. reject
3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses　　　　.　
A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C. are required to make up for their carbon emissions
D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will　　　　.　
A. have a strong desire to reduce costs
B. use the same logo in their marketing
C. gain advantages by taking early action
D. attract more shoppers by storing goods
【参考答案】1-4 DAAC　

【 山东省菏泽市2022高考英语一模试题】
完形填空。阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Xinxin, a 12-year-old student from Beijing, enjoyed his winter vacation with his father in Singapore. During their visit, he even had the chance to 11 some of Singapore's sights by himself 12 his father was busy with other things.
Xinxin’s first adventure 13 in Singapore was at a water park near their hotel. He enjoyed swimming and 14 into the water by himself, and then returned to the hotel before a time in the evening that was 15 by his father.
The boy also made a trip to Universal Studios Singapore 16 a guardian. He had already been to the park with his father two times during the trip. Xinxin volunteered to make his 17 trip by himself. His father gave him some pocket money to buy lunch, and then Xinxin rode the shuttle from their hotel to the studios. He spent a whole day there and had a 18 time.
In an interview with Beijing Evening News, Xinxin’s father said that 19 he was too busy to spend all his time with his son, he decided to give him the opportunity to develop a sense of 20 . Had Xinxin’s mother been there, she would not have let Xinxin out of her sight, the father commented.
11. A. study B. explore C. test D. measure
12. A. while B. until C. before D. unless
13. A. along B. alive C. alone D. lonely
14. A. floating B. surfing C. driving D. diving
15. A. made B. set C. decided D. asked
16. A. under B. behind C. with D. without
17. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
18. A.terrible B.miserable C. fantastic D. flexible
19. A. though B. since C. if D. when
20. A. independence B. daring C. pride D. diligence
【参考答案】11—15 BACDB 16—20 DCCBA

第1模块 完形填空 模块导读（3）
探究点二　对形容词和副词的考查
　　形容词、副词是高考完形填空题重要的考查内容。形容词可以修饰名词；副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。广东高考完形填空考查的副词有相当一部分是方式副词(表示行为动作发生方式的副词)。
重点把握以下两类副词：
　　1．由形容词加后缀ly构成的副词， 如slowly(渐渐地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(傲慢地), carelessly(马虎地), properly(适当地， 完全地), successfully(成功地)，
badly(严峻地， 格外)等。
　　2．由分词加后缀ly构成的副词， 如surprisingly(使人惊异的是), hurriedly(匆忙地), undoubtedly(无疑， 必定)等。

做题时应当留意：
　　1．形容词、副词的基本意义、引申意义
　　例1 　That his only son was killed in a car accident was a __________ blow to the old man.
　　A．heavy 　B．broad 　　C．huge 　 D．main
【解析】 A　老人唯一的儿子在车祸中丧生对他来说是沉重的打击。这里的heavy意思是“猛烈的， 沉重的”。

例2 　She has the ability to keep________ in an emergency.
　　A．quiet 　　 B．calm 　　C．still 　　　D．silent
【解析】 B　我们不妨从这几个表示“静”的反义词的角度来加以辨析。calm对应wild, 指海上无浪， 心情稳定；still对应moving, 指不动；silent对应wordy, 指不出声；quiet对应noisy, 指安静， 无噪音。由句意可知应选B。

例3 　Mr.Smith used to smoke ________ but he has given it up.
　　A．seriously 　B．heavily　　C．badly 　　　 D．hardly
【解析】 B　Mr.Smith以前抽烟抽得很凶， 但现在已经戒掉了。这里的heavily指的是量大， 次数频繁。

例4 　The final score of the basketball match was 93∶94.We were only ________ beaten.
　　A．nearly 　　B．slightly　　C．narrowly 　 D．lightly
【解析】 C　副词narrowly在此表示“牵强地”。句意：篮球赛的最终比分是93∶94。我们以微弱的劣势输掉了竞赛。

例5 　It is always difficult being in a foreign country, ________ if you don’t speak the language.
　　A．extremely 　 B．naturally　　C．basically 　 D．especially
【解析】 D　留意把握词语的精确含义， 结合语境进行分析。extremely极端地；naturally自然地；basically基本上；especially尤其， 特殊地。

例6 　She devoted herself ________ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
　　A．strongly B．extremely　　C．entirely D．freely
【解析】 C　strongly猛烈地；extremely极端地， 格外；entirely全部地， 完全地； freely自由地。依据句意， C项最符合。

2．同、近义形容词、副词的区分
在对形容词和副词的考查中， 有时会遇到同义、近义词的辨析。辨析时， 单从汉语意思上有时是无法辨清的。我们要逆向思维， 接受反义对比、分析构词等方法， 使语义一目了然。
　　例7　 When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above ________.
　　A．average 　B．ordinary 　　C．regular 　 D．normal
　　例8 　Letter boxes are much more ________ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
　　A．Common B．Normal C．ordinary D．usual

例9　 It’s in the ________ interest that we should have a wellrun health service.
　　A．ordinary 　 B．general　　C．Particular　 D．usual
　　例10 　Now, in our country, free medical treatment covers sickness of mind as well as ________sickness.
　　A．normal 　 B．average　　C．ordinary 　D．regular

【解析】 7.D　8.A　9.B　10.C　这组题目主要涉及ordinary, usual, common和normal等词语的辨析。要辨清这几个中文意义格外相近的词的用法， 我们不妨来个逆向思维， 从它们的反义词上去查找一些“蛛丝马迹”：ordinary — special (特殊的)；general — specific, particular (具体的， 个体的)；common — rare (少见的)；normal — abnormal (不正常的)。从反义词的角度， 把同义、近义词作对比， 它们的区分便一目了然。

3．形容词与介词的搭配
　　例11 　This magazine is very ________ with young people, who like its content and style.
　　A．familiar B．popular 　　C．similar D．particular
【解析】 B　be familiar with生疏；be popular with受……欢迎；be similar to与……相像(留意不搭配介词with)；be particular about对……很讲究(不搭配介词with)。

4．副词与动词的搭配
　　例12　 I ________ recognize the difficult situation the company is in.
　　A．Strongly　 B．deeply　　C．sincerely 　　 D．fully
【解析】 D　留意记忆一些常用表达， 如deeply regret 深感圆满；fully recognize完全认清；sincerely hope由衷地期望；strongly recommend猛烈建议。

5．语境
　　对形容词、副词的考查， 侧重语境考查占较大比重。解答此类题目时不仅要理解形容词和副词的词义， 而且对语境的正确理解更为重要。所以，要依据语境选择与短文所描述的情景或叙述的人、物、大事的性质、特征等有关的形容词或副词， 选择与短文前后叙述的话题、主题、中心内容相关的形容词或副词。
　　例13　 The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will ________ have been solved by the end of next week.　　　　　A．eagerly ．hopefullyC．immediately Ｄ ．gradually
【解析】 B　既然“现在正在争辩”， 那么这个问题在确定时间内得到解决是“有期望的”。比较四个选项， 你会发觉A、C、D在规律上都讲不通， 可知答案是B。

例14　 At times, worrying is a normal, ________ response to a difficult event or situation — a loved one being injured in an accident, for example.
　　A．effective B．individual 　　C．inevitable D．unfavorable
【解析】 C　分析题干的语境可知， 既然“worrying”是对困难的一种正常反应， 那么这种现象的发生就是自然的， 也是“不行避开的”。

阅读理解。
The internet will open up new vistas (前景)，create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world.That，at least, is what it promised us.The difficulty is thatit did not take the human mind into account.The reality is that we can not keep relationship with more than a limited number of people.No matter how hard the internet tries to putyou in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.
The problem is twofold(双重的)．First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with.That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain.Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest (投入) in them.We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what's left among as many others as we can.The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline (减弱)until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”．
This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn't serve a socially valuable function.Of course it does.But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to move to the other side of the world.
In one sense, that's a good thing.But it also has a disadvantage.If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren't using your time to make new friends where you now live.And I suspect that probably isn't the best use of your time.Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face.The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won't stop that happening eventually.
一般认为网络在让人与人沟通方面起到了格外重要的作用。而本文作者对此却持怀疑态度。他认为网络在加强人与人之间的关系方面并没有起到应有的作用。
17．What is stressed in the first paragraph?
A．The present situation of the internet.
B．The difficulty in communication on the internet.
C．The socially valuable function of the internet.
D．The role of the human mind in the internet communication.
答案：D。主旨大意题。由文章第一段特殊是最终一句“No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication，its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.”可知人类思维在网络沟通中起到举足轻重的作用，故D项正确。
18．The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “______”．
A．appointment B．connection
C．interview D．agreement
答案：B。词义猜想题。句意为：问题是假如我们在一个人身上花很少时间，我们跟这个人的联系将会减弱到“他只是一个曾经生疏的人”，因此划线单词意为“联系，交往”。
19．According to the passage, the author holds the view that______.
A．the internet fails to play so valuable a role in communication as it promised
B．the internet determines the quality of social relationships
C．the internet greatly increases the size of social circles
D．the internet communication is no less effective than the face­to­face talk
答案：A。推理推断题。由文章的一些信息“This is not ，of course，to say that the internet doesn't serve a socially valuable function.以及The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end，but it won't stop that happening eventually.”等可推知网络在人与人之间的沟通上并没有起到应有的作用，故A项正确。
20．What is the author's attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?
A．He is uncertain about it. B．He is hopeful of it.
C．He approves of it. D．He doubts it.
答案：D。态度观点题。通读全文可知，文章叙述了网络在人与人之间的沟通方面并没有起到应有的作用，因此作者对网络在加强人与人之间关系方面持的是怀疑的态度，D项正确。