2021年高考英语拉分题专项训练(必修一)-专题01-Friendship(知识部分).docx

《必修》1 Unit 1 Friendship
【重点词汇】
1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的；vt. 使担忧；使心烦；扰乱；打翻
We were very upset to hear that the holiday had been cancelled. 听说假日取消了我们格外心烦。
She must have been upset when I said you couldn’t give her an appointment. 当我说你不能和她预约时，她确定感到很难过。
She warned me not to say anything to upset him. 他提示我不要说让她心烦的话。
It upsets me to think of her all alone in that shabby house. 想到她孤身一人守着那破旧的房子我就难过。
2. concern n. 担忧；关怀；vt. 使担忧；涉及；与……有关
There is now considerable concern for their safety. 现在对他们的平安相当担忧。
Obviously our main concern is that they are not receiving enough help. 很明显我们最忧虑的是他们始终没有得到足够的挂念。
What country farmers are concerned about is the going up of the price of rice and oil. 乡下农夫关注的是粮油价格上涨的问题。
What you have said is not concerned with what we are doing now. 你所说的话与我们现在所做的事情毫不相干。
3. calm adj. 安静的；冷静的；vt.& vi. (使)安静；(使)冷静下来
It is important to keep/stay calm in an emergency. 在紧急状况下保持冷静是很重要的。
Everything was calm again after the storm. 暴风雨过后一切又安静下来了。
To calm those angry, he made a joke on purpose. 为了让生气的人冷静，他有意开了个玩笑。
In that case, it is difficult to calm down the football fans. 假如那样，要使足球迷安静下来是很难的。
4. settle vi. 安家；定居；vt. 使定居；支配；解决
They agreed to try to settle their dispute by negotiation. 他们同意通过谈判来解决争端。
He settled himself on the sofa to watch TV. 他舒舒适服地坐在长沙发上看电视.
He had been quite anxious, but finally I managed to settle his mind. 他原来很焦急, 但我最终把他的心情稳定下来了.
After years of travel, we decided to settle here. 我们旅行多年后, 打算在此定居.
5. ignore vt. 不理睬；不理睬；忽视
He completely ignored the fact as though it never existed. 他完全无视事实, 好像它根本不存在似的。
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我！
For two decades her teaching talents have been ignored by the school leaders. 二十年来她的教学才能始终被学校领导所忽视。
How can the government ignore the wishes of the majority? 政府怎么能不顾大多数人的愿望呢？
6. grateful adj. 感谢的；表示谢意的
I am grateful to you for your help. 我感谢你的挂念。
I should like to express my grateful thanks to all the volunteers. 我要表达对全部志愿者的诚意感谢。
He was grateful that she didn’t tell his parents about the incident. 他庆幸没有把事故告知他父母。
She would be most grateful if you could keep this a secret. 假如你能保密她将格外感谢。
7. suffer vi. & vt. 患病；忍受；经受
We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
Think how much the parents of the kidnapped boy must have suffered. 想想孩子被拐走了的父母是多么难过啊。
Did you suffer when the bad news came? 坏消息传来时你通过吗？
The enemy suffered a defeat and ran away at once. 敌人惨遭失败仓皇逃跑了。
8. power n. 力气；权力
He has lost the power of speech. 他丢失了言语力气。
It is beyond my power to help you. 我没有力气挂念你。
This government came (in)to power at the last election. 这届政府是最终一次大选才上台执政的。
The ship was helpless against the power of the storm. 那船抵制不住风暴的力气。

【重点短语】
1. add up ⑴ 合计，加起来； ⑵ 合乎情理，有道理(多用于否定句)；⑶ 补充说
He told me to add up the figures. 他要我把这些数字加起来。
What he said at the meeting didn’t add up. 他在会上所说的话没有道理。
He added that they would return a week later. 他补充说他们一周以后会回来。
The examination has added to our pressure. 考试增加了我们的压力。
Profits can add up to millions of dollars. 利润累计可达数百万美元。
2. go through 经受；经受; 通过；完成；检查
He went through a lot in the war. 他在战斗中经受了不少的事情。
The train went through the underground tunnel. 火车通过了地下隧道。
I always start a day by going through my e-mails. 我常通过检查电子邮件而开头一天的工作。
It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions. 很明显有人翻过我的东西。
3. set down 登记；放下；登记；让……下车
I have set down everything that happened. 我已记录下了所发生的一切。
Set down your heavy bag and have a rest. 放下沉重的包裹休息一会儿。
The bus sets the children down just outside the gate. 公交车在大门口让孩子们下车了。
Having reached an agreement, we set down to making the plan. 形成共识之后我们便着手制定方案了。
4. in order to 为了；以便
We got up early in order to watch the sun rising. 为了看日出，我们一大早就起床了。
(In order) to learn English well, he practices it every morning. 为了学好英语，他每天早上都进行练习。
We started out on time in order to arrive before dark. 我们按时动身以便能在天黑前到达。

【重点句型】
1. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 她和她的家人隐蔽了近25个月之后才被发觉。
【考点】before 的特殊含义及用法：
(a). “在……之后才……”，留意下列句型：
It was three hours before they came back. 三个小时后他们才回来。
It wasn’t long before she lost her way. 没过多久他就迷路了。
It will be a few months before we graduate. 还要几个月我们才会毕业。
It won’t be long before we meet again. 要不了多久我们就会再见面的。
(b). before sb. could do sth. “某人还没来得及……就……”
Before he could say a word, he was thrown down to the ground. 他还没来得及说话就被打倒在地了。
2. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I have grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道是否由于我好久没出门才对大自然的一切变得如此心痴神往。
【考点】 强调句型的结构：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that /who +句子”
强调句型主要用来强调主语、宾语、状语等。假如被强调的是人，可用who/whom代替that；句子的谓语都用单数形式。如：
强调主语：It was Mr. Smith who bought a new car from the factory last year.
强调宾语：It was a new car that Mr. Smith bought from the factory last year.
强调状语：It was from the factory that Mr. Smith bought a new car last year.
【留意】 强调时间和地点时不能用when或where，只能用that，如：
It was in Wuhan that all the members held a meeting yesterday. (强调地点状语, that不行换用 where)
It was yesterday that all the members held a meeting in Wuhan. (强调时间状语 that不行换用 when)
3. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次面见夜晚。
【考点】It was + the + 序数词 + time + that
该句型意为“某人第几次做某事”，又如：
This was the second time in this term that I had talked with that student face to face.这是本学期我其次次与那位同学面谈。
That was the first time (that) Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency. 那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻对我的依靠。
当主句为现在时或一般将来时，that从句中要用现在完成时，如：
For most students, we guess, it is not the first time that they have left home. 对于多数同学来说，我们认为这不是他们第一次离家。
4. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place, because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered. 她发觉难以在藏身之地支配和安静下来，由于她担忧她们是否会被告发觉。
【考点】 “it” 作形式宾语的用法
句型结构为 “主语+ 动词 + it + 形容词/名词 +不定式(从句)”，如：
We all consider it necessary to take good care of our computers 我们都认为有必要好好保管电脑。
Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it difficult to make friends with them. 尽管我努力与同学们交谈，我照旧觉得难以和他们交伴侣。
We all think it a pity that you didn’t see this movie. 我们都认为你没观看这部电影很惋惜。
【重点语法】
直接引语和间接引语的转换规章
1. 陈述句变间接引语时要变成由that引导的宾语从句。
She said, “My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.” → She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish.
2. 一般疑问句变间接引语时要变为由whether/if引导的宾语从句。
“Have you become crazy about everything to do with nature?” he asked me. → He asked me whether/if I had become crazy about everything to do with nature.
3. 特殊疑问句变间接引语时要由疑问词引导宾语从句。
We asked, “How long did they hide away before they were discovered?” → We asked how long they had hidden away before they were discovered.
总之，直接引语变间接引语主要从三个方面来测试：
(1)、宾语从句连接词的选择，如是用that还是用whether / if，还是用what, when, why等；
(2)、宾语从句中的时态和主句中谓语动词时态的呼应；
(3)、宾语从句必需用陈述语序。
此外，还要留意人称代词、指示代词、动词的时态以准时间状语和地点状语的相应转变。