2021西安市高考英语冲刺选练及答案9.docx

阅读理解
　　Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling　　　.
A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School
B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes
C. was once badly treated in Washington High School
D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段最终一句话“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为D选项。
2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?
A. The“behavior”of molecules.
B. Physical chemistry.
C. Biological chemistry.
D. The human body.
【解析】选B。推理推断题。从其次段其次句话“His interest in the‘behavior’of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling的爱好发生了变化, 从physical chemistry转到了biological chemistry上, 所以正确答案为B选项。
3. During World WarⅡ, Linus Pauling　　　.
A. had to stop his research because of the war
B. made great contributions to the safety of the country
C. joined the army to fight for the safety of the country
D. took part in researching nuclear bombs
【解析】选B。细节理解题。依据第三段第一句话“During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正确答案为B选项。
4. The main idea of the passage is to show　　　.
A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules
D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以应当选择B选项。

阅读理解。
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot(行李箱).
Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn (喇叭) and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew (扭下) the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench (扳钳) and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled(爬行) clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.

6 What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A. The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman B. Car Boot Can Serve As The Best Escape Route
C. Driver Escapes Through Car Boot D. The Driver Survived A Terrible Car Accident
7. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?
A. The hammer. B. The coin. C. The screw. D. The horn.
8. Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. Mr. Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down.
B. Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.
C. Mr. Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.
D. Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat.
9. “Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that _______.
A. Luckily the door was torn away in the end B. At last the wrench went broken
C. The lock came open after all his efforts D. The chance was lost at the last minute
10. It may be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. the ditch was along a quiet country road B. the accident happened on a clear warm day
C. the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch
D. Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
【参考答案】6—10、CBCCA

阅读理解。
Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member…these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) .
Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.
11. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.
A. be a team leader B. obey the basic rules
C. act as a grown-up D. predict possible danger
12 The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.
A. describe life in an exciting way B. turn real-life experiences into a play
C. make learning life skills more interesting D. change people’s views of sporting events
13 According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?
A. It inspires people’s deep love for the country.
B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.
C. It helps the country out of natural disasters. D. It earns the winners fame and fortune.
14 Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.
A. bring fun to poor kids B. provide soccer balls for children
C. give poor kids a chance for a better life D. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids
15.What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Games benefit people all their lives. B．Sports can get all athletes together.
C．People are advised to play games for fun. D．Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.
【参考答案】11—15、B C A C A

（2022湖北卷）其次节：短文写作（共1题；满分30分）
请依据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。
Small things make a big difference. The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.

留意：①无须写标题；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③内容必需结合你生活中的具体事例；
④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。
【考点】考察开放性作文
【写作指导】
本文属于开放性作文，要求我们就：我们做的微小的事情都可以对我们的社会产生很大的影响。告知我们要关注生活中的小事。照旧属于谈论文，可以使用一般现在时和第三人称。当然也可以写成记叙文，叙述一件小事让我们懂得要关注细节。
要点：1.叙述生活中发生的一件小事；以及这件小事对我们产生的影响。2.说明任何一件小事都会对我们的社会产生很大的影响。告知我们要重视这样的小事。
首先要选择自己生疏的短语或者句型，在你的力气范围之内，选择句式时要赐予变化，由于这样你才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体，如besides, further, last but not least等。在发表个人观点的时候，可以使用谚语来提升整个文章的档次和文采，也能增加得高分的可能性。
【一句多译】
我在去书店的路上，在十字路口等待的时候，一个十岁左右的女孩还被一辆开得很快的汽车撞倒。
① I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly.
②I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, driving off quickly.

【参考范文】
It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.
I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.
As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.