2021济南市高考英语(四月)完形填空、阅读理解小练(10)答案.docx

2021济南市高考英语（四月）完形填空、阅读理解小练（10）答案

阅读理解
(2022·江西八校联考)
The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquake­prone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its long­term energy solution.
Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese high­tech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.
“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermal­electric power production.
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades­long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，Fuji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
1．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．World’s largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
2．What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%.　 B．Below 1%.
C．Around 30%.　 D．Over 80%.
3．According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________.
A．a change of rules 　 B．financial support
C．local people’s help　　 D．high technology
4．Geothermal energy is considered as a long­term program by________.
A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji 　 B．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto Yamada 　 D．Yoko Ono
5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.
A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan

语篇解读　本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了具体介绍。
1．解析：　标题概括题。依据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最终一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D项最适合做文章的标题。
答案：　D
2．解析：　细节理解题。依据文章第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan...”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案：　B
3．解析：　推理推断题。依据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。
答案：　A
4．解析：　细节理解题。依据文章倒数第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades­long project...”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案：　B
5．解析：　推理推断题。依据对文章最终两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。
答案：　C

阅读理解
Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. They’re also an environmental hazard. Their manure(粪便)contains phosphorus(磷)，which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and rivers, consuming oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae(藻类)overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases.
Doing away with the pig is not an option. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio(比率)in the world (2-1 in Denmark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in China—along densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is “threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves(红树林)，coral reefs and sea grasses ,”according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn’t contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, It could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification—which is anathema(忌讳) to many Westerners.
The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food supporters in a quandary: should they remain categorically(无条件) opposed to genetically modified (GM)foods even at the expense of the environment? Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach(漂白剂) in waste water from paper mills. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help lessen the problem of agriculture , which accounts for 38percent of the world’s landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats.
Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic(引起过敏的)organic soy and their neurotoxin(神经毒素) sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earth—unless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.

11.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Pigs bring more destruction than benefit to human beings.
B. No other countries have the higher percentage of pig-to-human than East Asia.
C. The pork production has increased to 70％ in China.
D. The pollution brought by pigs is a killer to the creature of the sea.
12. The reason accounting for the hesitation to accept the idea of the Enviropig is__________.
A. the poor technology B. the high cost
C. the moral concept D. the doubt from the public
13. What does the underlined word “quandary” mean?
A. an agreement B. a negotiation
C. a dilemma D. an adventure
14. The negative influence brought by the traditional agriculture is_________-.
A. more living space occupation B. more crop improvement
C. more food production D. more chemical application
15. What is the best title of the passage?
A. How to Raise Pigs B. Whether to choose the GM Foods
C. What’s GM Foods D. The Pollution Brought by Pigs
  【参考答案】11—15、DCCAB

完形填空。
This happened years ago when I was a waitress，but I still clearly remember this specific incident so vividly. As the end of the night was __1__， ten minutes before our restaurant closed，a gentleman came in. I was the __2__ waitress who got to stay after closing to serve him his food.
The customer was quite __3__ with how his food was prepared. He sent his __4__ back twice. When it eventually arrived to his liking, he __5__ some fresh coffee. Meanwhile，my manager and our cooks were __6__ me closely, as they wanted the last customer of the __7__ to finally leave so that we could __8__ the restaurant and go home.
At that time I was frustrated and tired. I also knew he would probably not __9__ very well, seeing his inexpensive meal. __10__，I tried to give him good service.
Then in the last ten minutes, as I was refilling his coffee, I somehow __11__ it on the table as well as his plate. I apologized, but I was __12__ to get him another plate of food as everything was shut down in the __13__. Knowing his previous temperament (性情), I had a certain __14__ of how he might react. He asked to speak to the manager.
But he __15__ shocked me at this point. Instead of __16__ to my boss，he simply said，“This young lady's done a fine job. You need to keep her __17__ as long as you can！” After that he paid his bill and left，and I eagerly went home.
The next morning when I came to work and __18__ my tips—you often don't get it till the next day __19__ a customer charges it on a credit card—I was __20__ that the customer had offered a $15 tip for his $8 dinner. People are often much nicer than they look!
几年前，我在饭店当服务生。某天晚上，我们接待了一位男士，他对饭菜有诸多挑剔和要求，而我又不当心将咖啡洒到了盘子和桌子上。正值我战战兢兢时，他温存的态度让我颇感意外，而且他还为8美元的饭付了我15美元的小费。
1. A. darkening B. approaching
C. leaving D. happening
答案：B　深夜快要“来临(approaching)”时，在饭店关门前的格外钟，一位绅士来用餐。
2. A. last B. first
C. unlucky D. young
答案：C　依据前面描绘的时间和后面的who got to...可知，在这么晚的时候还不得不留下来为客人服务，作者感到自己很“不幸(unlucky)”。
3. A. pleased B. familiar
C. interested D. dissatisfied
答案：D　依据后面的sent...back twice和When it eventually arrived to his liking推断，这位绅士对饭菜的做法”不满足(dissatisfied)”。
4. A. order B. bill
C. note D. mail
答案：A　这位先生把他“点的饭菜(order)”退回来两次。
5. A. changed B. sold
C. needed D. threw
答案：C　当一切都合他的意，他又要了新颖咖啡。
6. A. following B. checking
C. watching D. helping
答案： C　这个时候经理和厨师都紧“盯(watching)”作者，由于他们期望这位顾客尽快吃完离开。从空格处后面的副词closely就可排解其他选项，watch sb.closely亲热凝视，认真观看。
7. A. day B. time
C. place D. room
答案：A　此处是指那一“天(day)”饭店的最终一名顾客。
8. A. turn up B. close up
C. set off D. turn off
答案：B　最终一名顾客离开后他们就可以“关门(close up)”回家了。
9. A. speak B. behave
C. tip D. eat
答案：C　依据顾客用餐的费用和最终一段提示可知，作者推断这位绅士不会付很多的小费。tip此处用作动词，指“付小费”。最终一段的第一句话有提示。
10. A. Instead B. Besides
C. Otherwise D. However
答案：D　“然而(However)”，作者还是尽最大努力给他供应好的服务。
11. A. spread B. left
C. spilled D. broke
答案：C　在给这位绅士添咖啡的时候，不知怎么的，作者把咖啡“洒到(spilled)”了桌子和盘子上。
12. A. eager B. willing
C. shameful D. unable
答案：D　此时已经太晚了，作者虽然赔礼了，但“无法(unable)”给这位绅士换一盘食物。从as引导的缘由状语从句中可以得出答案。
13. A. kitchen B. rain
C. line D. operation
答案：A　由于“厨房(kitchen)”里一切设施都已关了。依据常识，饭菜都是从厨房做出来的。
14. A. communication B. expectation
C. tradition D. hesitation
答案：B　依据这位绅士从前的性情，作者在洒了咖啡后对他可能的反应有确定的“预料(expectation)”。
15. A. gradually B. frequently
C. rudely D. really
答案：D　但是这个时候这位绅士的做法“的确(really)”让作者感到意外。
16. A. explaining B. apologizing
C. attending D. complaining
答案：D　 对于作者酒了咖啡这件事，这位绅士并没有向经理“埋怨(complaining)”。
17. A. off B. around
C. away D. out
答案：B　相反，他向经理建议，作者表现得很好，经理应当尽可能长期地让作者在这位里工作。keep sb. around让某人在四周，在此处表示让作者能够长期在饭店工作。
18. A. held back B. brought up
C. picked up D. looked for
答案：C　其次天作者上班，去“取(pick up)”她的小费。
19. A. unless B. if
C. although D. while
答案：B　“假如(if)”顾客是用信用卡付账，所给的小费要等到其次天才能拿到。
20. A. convinced B. learned
C. told D. reminded
答案：C　作者被“告知(told)”，那位绅士为8美元的饭付了15美元的小费。