2020-2021学年高二英语(人教版必修8)单元过关检测(一)-Word版含答案.docx

单元过关检测(一)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)

第Ⅰ卷
第一部分　阅读理解
[共两节，满分60分]
第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Mickey Mouse wants to help kids kick the junk food habit. The Walt Disney Company announced that it plans to advertise only healthier food to kids.
By 2021, all food and drink products that are advertised on its TV channels, radio stations and websites will have to meet the company’s nutrition standard for limiting calories and reducing fat, sodium and sugar. Many foods, such as fruit drinks, candy and snack cakes, won’t meet the standard.
First Lady Michelle Obama called it a “game changer”．“Disney is doing what no major media company has ever done before in the US—and what I hope every company will do in the future.”
“This is a landmark(里程碑), because a major media company is taking responsibility for what food they advertise to children，”says Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy for the Center for Science in the Public Interest.“This should be a real wake­up call to Nickelodeon (an American children’s channel) and the Cartoon Network to do the same.”
But the company will still be able to advertise “better­for­you versions(种类) of products that are not perfectly nutritious.”Under the new standards, breakfast cereals that are advertised will have to contain fewer than 10 grams of sugar in a serving，Wootan says. “That’s a good step forward，but it’s not perfectly nutritious.”
Jon Leibowitz，chairman of the Federal Trade Commission，says Disney is making this move “at perhaps some risk of affecting their incomes, so that’s why we should praise them.”
“Food marketing is really important because it shapes the way kids are fed，” Wootan says. “If we don’t deal with food marketing to kids, we don’t have any chance of addressing childhood obesity.”
Currently，a third of children are overweight, putting them at a greater risk for serious health problems.
At its theme parks, Disney began offering healthier kids’ meals serving carrots and other vegetables, fruit, low­fat milk and yogurt at meals, instead of fries and soft drinks.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲了迪士尼将不再为垃圾食品做广告以及社会各界对此的反应。
1．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ________．
A．the wake­up call
B．the Walt Disney Company
C．the habit of eating junk food
D．the nutrition standard in the US
解析：选B。代词指代题。文章前两段简要介绍了迪士尼公司新的食品广告养分标准，这里米歇尔评价迪士尼是“规章转变者”，所以it指代的应当是迪士尼公司，B项正确。
2．What does Margo Wootan think of Disney’s new move?
A．He thinks it is a risk.
B．He thinks very highly of it.
C．He thinks it will get wide support.
D．He thinks it will affect their incomes.
解析：选B。细节理解题。依据第四段中Margo Wootan的话“This is a landmark(里程碑)，because a major media company is taking responsibility for what food they advertise to children”可知，Margo Wootan高度评价迪士尼的新举措，所以应选B项。
3.What is the main idea of the text?
A．Disney calls for a ban on junk food.
B．Disney aims to help kids lose weight.
C．Disney is to serve healthier food for kids.
D．Disney is to quit taking ads for junk food aimed at kids.
解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章主要讲了迪士尼将拒绝垃圾食品广告，挂念改善儿童饮食结构，以及社会各界对此的反应，D项概括精确     。
B
China’s second female astronaut to enter space delivered a lecture to more than 60 million students across the country on Thursday, while aboard the Tiangong­1 space module 340 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, in the first attempt at this kind of lecture by a Chinese astronaut.
Wang Yaping, one of the three crew members in the Shenzhou­X class spacecraft，delivered the lecture through a 40­minute live video broadcast, nine days after the successful spacecraft launch.
Assisted by the other two astronauts Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang, Wang showed students how movement occurs in a zero­gravity environment through a series of physics experiments to help students understand basic physics concepts.
Observers say the creative lecture is not only good for science and patriotic education of the younger generation but also shows national confidence in China’s maturing space technologies.
Via the video feed system, the three astronauts interacted with some 300 curious students in Beijing on Thursday after the lecture, who raised questions about their daily life in the space module.
“I’m extremely excited to see the magical effects of the experiments. I feel like I’m close to space while watching the live broadcast，” a primary school student in Beijing told the Global Times after the lecture.
The lecture became one of the most popular topics on Weibo Thursday, with some Web users saying this visually impressive method of education has made them interested in space science.
The lecture also drew international attention. After the lecture, Wang replied to a letter of greeting from Barbara Morgan, a female US astronaut who participated in a space teaching program in 2007. “We would like to join the effort, as you have done, to bring science­loving youth around the world closer to their dreams of exploring the universe，” Wang said in the reply，Xinhua reported.
【语篇解读】　 本文主要介绍了王亚平的空中授课以及它的影响。
4．Which of the following is WRONG about Wang Yaping?
A．She was an astronaut in the Shenzhou­X class spacecraft.
B．She was China’s second astronaut to enter space.
C．She delivered a lecture in the Shenzhou­X class spacecraft.
D．She was the first Chinese to give a speech in space.
解析：选B。细节理解题。依据文章内容可知，王亚平是中国其次位进入太空的女宇航员，她在“神舟”十号飞船上进行了授课演讲。由此可知B项错误。
5．We can infer from the passage Wang Yaping did the experiments ________．
A．on her own
B．in an environment without gravity
C．only to amuse the students
D．only to show China’s maturing space technologies
解析：选B。细节理解题。依据第三段和第四段的内容可知，王亚平是在零重力状态下做这些试验，并且是在聂海胜和张晓光的挂念下完成的。这些试验可以挂念同学了解物理概念并且显示中国对太空技术的自信。由此可知选B。
6．According to the passage, we know Barbara Morgan ________．
A．is a woman astronaut from America
B．once taught Wang Yaping how to deliver a speech in space
C．was the first woman in US to be sent in space
D．once trained with Wang Yaping
解析：选A。细节理解题。依据最终一段的Barbara Morgan，a female US astronaut who participated in a space teaching program in 2007.可知A项正确。
7．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The Shenzhou­X class spacecraft.
B．Wang Yaping’s space class.
C．The international influence of China’s space exploration.
D．China’s outstanding astronauts.
解析：选B。主旨大意题。本文主要讲了王亚平的空中授课以及它的影响，故选B。
C
Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline­powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero­emissions(排放) vehicles”， but people in California seem to be_clueless_about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators(发电机)．Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地热)plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words，those “zero­emissions” cars are likely coal­burning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true.It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes—“If I can’t see it，it’s not happening. ”Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle；a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity，you waste a nice part of that energy，mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator，through the transmission lines, etc..
A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far, so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline­powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political，technical，and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.
In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated，but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.
【语篇解读】　很多人都认为电动汽车是格外环保的，加州人甚至普遍认为电动汽车是“零排放汽车”。事实的确如此吗？让我们读一读文章，从中查找答案吧。
8．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Electric cars aren’t actually clean.
B．Electric cars are zero­emissions vehicles.
C．Zero­emissions vehicles are popular.
D．Gasoline­powered cars are more efficient.
解析：选A。主旨大意题。文章的首段就点明白主题，即电动汽车并非清洁、无污染，由于电能的产生很多时候也要消耗大量的能源，造成格外严峻的污染，故答案为A项。
9．Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in Paragraph 2?
A．Be familiar with.
B．Be curious about.
C．Fail to understand.
D．Show their interest in.
解析：选C。词义猜想题。联系其次段内容可知，加州人之所以认为电动汽车是零排放的环保车，主要是由于他们没有理解或者忽视了电是从哪儿来的这个事实。故选“fail to understand”，表示“没有理解”。
10．The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ________．
A．at least 25 miles
B．more than 25 miles
C．as far as 25 miles
D．less than 25 miles
解析：选D。细节理解题。依据第四段中的“A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far”可知答案为D项。
11．It can be inferred from the passage that ________．
A．electric cars’ batteries are poisonous for a long time
B．now electric cars are used more than their gasoline­powered cousins
C．zero­emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment
D．electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something
解析：选D。推理推断题。依据其次段的最终一句和第四段的第三句可知，猎取电能假如是靠太阳能、地热或者风力等方式发电的话，电动汽车算是环保的，但是它们实际上现在主要还是靠烧煤、油等来发电，所以靠烧煤、油等发电的电动汽车并非真正意义上的环保车。
D
Lincoln’s face is familiar to people all around the world，especially the face when he was wearing a beard. But he didn’t wear a beard in his early life. When he acted as a judge and then a lawyer，he had two nicknames. The first was Honest Abe.And there are many stories of his honesty both as a child and as he went on throughout all of his life. His second nickname was Homely Abe. He was not good­looking. Then something happened in 1860. That year Abe Lincoln was the candidate(候选人) for President of the United States.
Just a few weeks before the presidential election, Lincoln received a short letter from a girl who lived in New York State.Her name was Grace Bedell. Grace wrote to Lincoln about his homely face，but in a polite way. It was a very interesting letter.Here are some parts of it：
I am a little girl only 11 years old, but I want you should be the President of the United States very much so I hope you won’t think me very bold(鲁莽的) to write to such a great man as you are...
I have got four brothers and part of them will vote for you anyway，and if you let your beard grow，I will try to get the rest of them to vote for you. You would look a great deal better for your face is so thin. All the ladies like beard and they would ask their husbands to vote for you, and then you would be President...
Lincoln took Grace Bedell’s advice，and over the next two weeks he did not shave. By election day on November 6th of 1860, he already had enough beard. And he did get elected.Maybe his new beard had something to do with that. And he did wear the beard for the rest of his life.
【语篇解读】　 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了一个小女孩给林肯写信让他留胡子，而林肯竟接受了小女孩的意见，最终也赢得竞选的故事。
12．Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
A．Lincoln and His Beard
B．Lincoln and a Little Girl
C．A Little Girl and Her Advice
D．Lincoln and the Presidential Election
解析：选A。标题推断题。全文主要讲的是林肯的轶事，即他胡子的来历，故选A最合适。其余选项均不能全面地概括文章主旨。
13．What kind of man is Lincoln according to the text?
A．Warm­hearted and ugly.
B．Honest and ordinary­looking.
C．Strong­willed and patient.
D．Characteristic and bad­tempered.
解析：选B。推理推断题。依据第一段中的“Honest Abe”“And there are... throughout all of his life.”可知，林肯很恳切；依据“Homely Abe”“He was not good­looking.”及文章叙述的故事可推出，林肯的长相很一般。故选B。
14．From the letter we can know that the little girl was very ________．
A．polite B．helpful
C．optimistic D．modest
解析：选A。细节理解题。从其次段中的“but in a polite way”及小女孩信的内容可知，她是格外有礼貌的，故应选A。
15．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Lincoln received the second nickname for his honesty.
B．The girl wouldn’t vote for Lincoln if he didn’t grow his beard.
C．The girl thought Lincoln was good­looking with a beard.
D．Lincoln accepted the girl’s advice after he got elected.
解析：选C。细节理解题。A项，honesty是他第一个外号的由来；B项，是对信件内容的曲解，小女孩不是不投林肯的票，是他留胡子后她就帮他拉选票；D项，林肯接受建议是在竞选之前而非在竞选之后。而从文章倒数其次段中的“You would look a great deal better”可知，C项正确。
其次节(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2022·河南南阳一中月考)People often say you never get a second chance to make a first impression，and that’s actually quite true. 16.________ After all，making a good first impression is all about making others feel good when spending time with them.The following tips will help you make a positive impression every time.
●Dress appropriately
17．________ That means dressing up or putting on nice，clean，situation­appropriate clothes for social situations.It isn’t difficult and it doesn’t have to cost you much，either.
●Be aware of your body language
Words express very little of what you say.Body language can tell someone a lot about your mood and confidence level.18.________ Eye contact is an easy way to make others feel comfortable，important and special.Nervous body language can make others uncomfortable and anxious.Try to be aware of your body language when communicating with others.
●Respect the opinions of others
Not everyone will have the same opinion with you，and friendly disagreements can be a gateway to a great conversation.Respect other people’s right to have their own opinion.Respect the opinions of others even if you disagree with them.19.________
●20.________
People love talking about themselves，but generally，you want to be careful of taking over the conversation.By listening carefully to what others are saying，you are not only making them feel important，but you can gather cues you need to keep the conversation going and bridge to new topics.
A．Be a careful listener
B．Show an interest in every person you meet.
C．Smile especially when first meeting someone.
D．Make sure you look nice whenever you meet someone new.
E．Meeting new people and starting conversations is often challenging.
F．Others will want to be with you and help you make a good impression.
G．Don’t force others to believe what you believe or to see things only as you see them.
答案：16～20.EDCGA
其次部分　英语学问运用
[共两节，满分55分]
第一节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I first came to the USA，I made friends with a neighbor who used to live only two blocks away from my street.We used to visit each other and go out together sometimes.This friend taught me a lot about American __21__，but in some cases I had to learn the __22__ way，because we didn’t have e