牛津高中英语模块五单元1-3语言点doc资料.doc

牛津高中英语模块五单元1-3语言点

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牛津高中英语模块五语言点
Unit 1 Getting along with others
一、Reading
1. betray: vt. 背叛，出卖，泄露
betray sth to sb: 向某人出卖∕泄露……
betray oneself: 露出原形
betrayal: [biˋtreəl] n. 背叛
① He would rather die than betray the document to the enemy.
② She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight.
她说她很难过，但她的眼神里却露出她内心的喜悦。
③ an act of betrayal: 背叛的行为
2. (Page 2, Lines 8-9) I must have sounded……quiz, saying how easy it was.
⑴ must have done: 一定做过…… ⑵ “saying how easy it was”为现在分词作状语，表示伴随状态。
3. fail sth: 未能通过……
fail to do sth: 未能做……
① I failed my driving test the first time I took it.
② He never fails to write to his mother every week.
4. pretend sth: 假装，扮作……
pretend to do sth: 假装做……
pretend that: 假装……
① He pretended illness as an excuse.
② Tom pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in.
③ She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.
5. admit (admitted；admitting): vt.
(1) 承认 admit (doing) sth: 承认做……
admit that: 承认……
admit sb to be + n / adj: 承认某人是……
① He admitted having stolen that car. / He admitted that he had stolen the car.
② We all admit him to be a fool.
(2) 允许……进入，接受,录取
admit sb to / into sth: 允许……进入……
① Each ticket admits two people to the party.
② Tom has been admitted into Peking University.
6. beg (sb) to do sth: 恳请（某人）做……
beg (sb) for sth: 恳请（某人）……
beg (for) sth: 乞讨……
① I beg you not take any risks.
② He begged her for forgiveness.
③ John was so poor that he had to beg money from passers-by.
7. keep one’s secret: 保守秘密
keep one’s word / promise: 遵守诺言
break one’s word / promise: 违背诺言
8. (Page 2, Line 18) ……paper that said……
say: vt. 写到，表明；显示
read: vt. 写着；指示，显示
① The clock said it was 7: 30.
② I noticed a sign reading / saying “ No Parking!”.
9. swear (swore, sworn): vt. & vi.
(1) 发誓，宣誓
swear to do sth: 发誓做……
swear that: 发誓……
① Mona swore never to return to home.
② Victor swore that he would get his revenge(复仇).
(2) 咒骂，诅咒 swear at sb: 咒骂……
Rich(里奇) tripped over a dog and swore at it.
10. spy on sth: 监视∕窥探……
These days I have been spying on the enemy’s movements.
11. focus: vt. & vi. 集中注意力于；(使)聚焦
n. 焦点，重点
focus sth on sth: 集中……于……
focus on sth: 集中注意……
① The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention on the area.
② I was so tired to focus on anything.
③ The focus of the conference is on environmental issues.
12. manner: n. 方式；举止，态度[C]
manners: n. (1) 礼貌，礼仪 (2) 风俗，习惯
in this manner: 用这种方式
table manners: 餐桌礼仪
It’s good / bad manners to do sth: 做……有∕无礼貌
① He objected in a forceful manner. 他坚决反对。
② It’s bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴都是食物说话不礼貌。
13. guilty: adj. 内疚的，有罪的
be / feel guilty about (doing) sth: 因为……而内疚
be guilty of sth: 犯……罪
① I feel guilty about not visiting him often.
② He was found guilty. 他被判有罪。
③ The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。
14. remark: n. & v. 谈论，评论，谈到
make a remark about sb: 议论……
make no remark: 不加评论
remark on sth: 谈论……
remark that: 谈到，说起
① She could hear others were making rude remarks about her.
② I couldn’t help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那么年轻。
③ The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。
④ Critics remarked that the play was not original. 评论家指出该剧缺乏创意。
15. argue with sb about / over sth: 因为……与某人争吵
argue that: 认为
argue sb into / out of doing sth: 说服某人（不）做……
◆◆argument: n. 争论；争吵；争议；论点；论据
① We are arguing with each other over the holiday expenses.
② He argued that more importance should be attached to the reform of the criminals.
③ They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。
因为……向某人道歉
16. apologize to sb for sth:
make an apology to sb for sth:
We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
17. be sensitive to sb: (1) 对……体贴 (2) 对……敏感
① She has been sensitive to his husband since they got married.
② A writer mustn’t be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可对批评意见反映过激。
18. blame: vt. 责备，指责
n. 责任，责备，指责[U]
blame sb for (doing) sth: 因为……责备某人
blame sth on sb: 把……归咎于……
sb be to blame for sth: 某人因为……应受责备
take the blame: 承担责任
① A bad workman blames his tools. 拙匠埋怨工具差。
② Teachers always blame the students for their rude behaviors.
③ You should not blame your failure on the difficulty of the paper.
④ It is I who am to blame for the mistake.
⑤ You can’t expect Jerry to take all the blame.

佳句背诵：
1. Not until then did I realize the value of friends.
2. I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand to solve this problem.
3. Being polite is the most important step to develop relationship among friends.
4. What I want to stress is that each of us should obey the traffic rules.

典型句式：
1. “When+分词” 省略结构
When asked, they usually hesitate before responding…
2. So 引导的倒装
Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship.
3. Must have done sth. 表示对过去发生某事情的肯定推测
I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz..

二、Project
1. the attitude towards sth: 对于……的态度
What is your attitude towards your schoolwork?
2. anchor: v. (1) 扎根于； (2) 抛锚，停船； (3) 固定
n. 锚，支柱
drop / cast anchor: 抛锚
be anchored in sth: 扎根于
① They brought the boat into the harbor and dropped anchor. 他们把船开进海港下锚停泊。
② We anchored the tent with pegs. 我们用桩子固定帐篷。
③ Literature must be anchored on our life.
④ Home is his anchor when he is away on business.
3. be cautious about sth: 对……小心∕谨慎
cautiousness: n. 小心∕谨慎[U]
These people are cautious about spending money. 这些人用钱仔细。
4. be eager to do sth: 急于做……
be eager for sth: 急于∕渴望……
① Clara(克莱拉) was eager to tell her side of the story. 克莱拉急于讲述她对那件事的看法。
② She was eager for success.
5. respond: vi. 作出反应；回答
respond to sth / respond that: 对…..作出反应；回答……
① She responded to my letter with a phone call.
② The doctor responded that he couldn’t tell the name of the disease.
6. response: n. 反应；回应；答复
in response to sth: 以回应……
make response to sth: 回应……
make no response: 不作回答
① The laws were passed in response to public pressure.
② He made no response to my question.
7. regardless: adv. (1) 不管怎样；无论如何（用在句末）
(2) regardless of sth: 不管，不顾
① You get a lot of criticism, but you have to carry on regardless.
② All our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits(价值，优点).
8. end up: 结果为；以…….结束
end up + 介词短语∕adj∕doing
① If you continue to steal, you will end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。
② If he carries on driving like that, he’ll end up dead. 他照那样开车，早晚得丢命。
③ Because he had made full preparations for the interview, he ended up working in the company.
9. be committed to sth / sb: ；忠于……
① This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment.
这个开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。
② She was strongly committed to her job, a policewoman by eminence.
她非常忠于职守，一个卓越的女警。
因为……与某人吵架
10. quarrel with sb about sth:
have a quarrel with sb about sth:
We aren’t going to quarrel with each other about a few dollars.
11. in conclusion / to conclude: 总之
In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me. 最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。
12. mercy: n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽容
at the mercy of sb: 任由……摆布
怜悯某人
show mercy to sb:
have mercy on sb:
leave sb to the mercy / mercies of sb: 任凭某人受……摆布
① They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.
② The terrorists showed no mercy the refugees(难民).
③ He won’t leave the cat to the mercy of the boy.
13. get through: vt. 完成；通过；批准通过
get through to sb / sth: 到达……；接通……的电话
① get through a task / an exam.
② Millions of refugees will die if these supplies don’t get through to them.
③ With great efforts, I finally got through to the manager.
14. acquaintance: n. (1) 熟人；泛泛之交[C] (2) 认识，了解[U, C]
结识……
make one’s acquaintance:
make the acquaintance of sb:
of one’s acquaintance: 所认识∕理解的
on first acquaintance: 初次相见时
① I am delighted to make your acquaintance.
② a certain lawyer of my acquaintance.
③ Even on first acquaintance, we could see he wasn’t the right type. 初次见面就看出他不是对路子的人。

佳句背诵
1. As we all know, environmental protection has become one of the current hot topics.
2. It is high time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from getting warm.
3. The students have formed the habit of picking up the litter that they see in the school.

典型句式
1. 现在分词短语做结果状语
Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.
2. 倍数+what 引导的名词性从句
The world’s population has grown by six times what is was in 1800.
3. It’s clear that…
It’s clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
4. Nor 位于句首引导部分倒装
This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water. Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.

Unit 2 The environment
一、Reading
1. debate: vt. & n. 辩论，争论，讨论
debate sth with sb: 与……争论∕讨论……
open a debate: 展开讨论
under debate: 在讨论∕辩论中
◆◆debater: 辩论者
① We opened a heated debate about the bill(议案) with them.
② The whole question of compensation(赔偿) is still under debate.
2. floor: 发言权
open the floor: 自由发言
take the floor: 开始发言
have the floor: 有发言权
① The president then took the floor and answered the journalists’ questions.
② The senator(参议员) have no floor in the debate.
3. A……times + what 从句: ……几倍于……
The company can produce 10 times what it did last year.
4. cut back on sth: 减少，削减
We must cut back on the waste to save the environment.
5. have a duty to do sth: 有义务∕责任做……
be on duty / off duty: 值班∕下班
Local councilors have a duty to serve the community. 地方议员有义务为社区服务。
6. be greedy for sth: 贪图……
As we know, the corrupt officials are always greedy for money and fame.
7. credit: n. (1) 赞扬，认可 (2) 信用 (3) 学分[C] (4) 存款[U]；借款[C]
creditable: [ˊkreditəbl] adj. 值得赞扬的，可信的 a creditable attempt
give sb credit to sb: 赞扬∕认可……
be in credit: 有存款
① You should give him some credit for all the efforts he has put in.
② There are no bank charges if you stay in debt.
③ The drama course should give me enough credits to finish my degree.
8. a large quantity of + n[U, C]: 许多的 （作主语，谓语动词根据该结构中的名词形式变化）
Large quantities of + n[U, C]: 许多的（作主语，谓语动词用复数形式）
① A large quantity of money has been spent on the research.
② A large quantity of books were donated to these children.
③ Large quantities of time / cars were wasted.
9. ask around: 四处打听
I will ask around and see if anyone can help.
10. pump: vt. (1) 用泵输送； (2) 给……打气； (3) 倾注，灌注（into）
vi. 涌出；涌流
n. 泵，抽水机，打气筒
◆◆ pump sth + 介词 + n
① The heart pumps blood around the body.
② Pump air into a tyre.
③ He pumped plenty of funds into the new project. 他向新工程倾注了大量的资金。
④ Blood was pumping out of his belly like a fountain. 血像喷泉似的从他腹部涌出。
11. sth run out: ……用光
run out of sth: 用光……
use sth up: 用光……
① Let’s hurry, our time is running out.
② We have ran out of what we had at hand.
12. responsibility: n. (1) 责任[U] (2) 义务[C]
take responsibility for sth: 对……负责
have a responsibility to do sth: 有义务做……
① He took full responsibility for organizing such an activity.
② Everyone has a responsibility to try out more methods in his study.
二、Grammar
1. 动词 + it + when / if 从句：
enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等动词后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。It指代if从句或when从句所叙述的内容。例如：
① She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
② He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
③ I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
④ I prefer it if I didn’t have do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。
⑤ I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。
2. impress: vt. (1) 使印象深刻，打动
impress sb with sth: 用……打动某人∕给某人留下印象
be impressed by / with sth: 因为……被打动∕而留下印象
① He impressed her with his sincerity(真诚).
② I was deeply impressed by his story.
(2) 使铭记，铭刻
impress sth on sb / impress on sb sth: 使某人铭记……；铭刻……在……上
① The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records.
经理让办公室职员铭记做精确记录的重要性。
② His words impress themselves on my memory. 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里。
3. impression: n. 印象，感想
first impression: 第一印象
make an impression on sb: 给……留下印象
be under the impression that: 原以为，误认为
① First impression can be deceptive(骗人的).
② It was their determination that made a deep impression on me.
③ I was under the impression that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来。
4. conflict: vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突，矛盾
conflict with sth: 与……抵触∕冲突
be in conflict with sth: 与……抵触∕冲突
① Their account(描述) of the event conflicted with ours.
② Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries.
③ They don’t have religious beliefs(宗教信仰) that would be in conflict with Lina’s choice.
5. opening: n. ⑴ 开口，孔，洞
⑵ 开始，开端 the opening of a book / a speech
⑶ 开张，开业 the opening of the new sports center
6. drill: v. 钻孔，打眼
n. 训练，练习
① drill for oil: 钻井探油
② They are drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. 他们正在泰晤士河底下钻一条新隧道。
③ fire-drill：消防演习
④ pronunciation drills: 发音练习
7. at a nation level: 从国家方面
At the national level, Jamaica's disaster management program is managed by the National Disaster Committee (NDC) and its six sub-committees.
8. in flames: 在烈焰中，燃烧着
① The whole building went up in flames. 整栋建筑物在大火中烧毁。
② The airplanes were shot down in flames. 飞机被击中起火坠落。

佳句背诵
1. So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.
2. Collecting stamps not only gives me satisfaction, but also helps me relax myself under the great pressure from studies.
3. My parents think that playing basketball takes too much time and energy, which are supposed to be spent on study.

典型句式
1. while 引导让步状语从句
While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
2. rather than 平行结构
Many developed countries are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.
3. 否定词+比较级的形式表示最高级
Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM)food
He has never spent a more worrying day.
三、Project
1. raise concern: 引起关注
在国内外
2. nationally and internationally
at home and abroad
The great fire raised great concern nationally and internationally.
3. range: n. 范围；一系列；山脉；靶场，射击场
vi. (1) (在……范围内) 变化 (2) 包括 (3) 排列
a range of sth: 一系列…..
a wide / broad / whole range of sth: 各种各样的……
range from sth to sth / range between sth and sth: 在……与……之间变化
in / within range (of sth): 在（……的）范围内
out of range (of sth): 超出（……的）范围；在（……的）范围以外
① We have students from a wide range of background.
我们的学生来自各种不同的背景。
② She had different plenty of jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
③ The great mountain range of the Alps: 雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉。
④ a rifle range: 步枪靶场
⑤ The cat stayed well out of range of the children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
4. put sth in danger: 使……危险
Corruption will make the dam in danger when heavy flood occurs.
5. in / with regard to sth
关于……
regarding
concerning
① I have no