2024世界能源统计年鉴.pdf

In collaboration withStatisticalReview of World Energy2024|73rd edition Back to contents Back to contents Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2024 1 The Energy Institute(EI)is the professional membership body for the world of energy.The EI Statistical Review of World Energy analyses data on world energy markets from the prior year.It has been providing timely,comprehensive and objective data to the energy community since 1952.Explore the data onlineAll the tables and charts found in the printed edition are available at energyinst.org/statistical-review alongside a number of extras,including:The energy charting tool view predetermined reports or chart-specific data according to energy type,region,country and year.Historical data from 1965 for many sectors.Additional country and regional coverage for all consumption tables.An Excel workbook and database format of the data.Download the appYou can also explore the world of energy from your tablet or smartphone,online and offline,by downloading the Energy Statistical Review app.Join the Energy InstituteThe EI is creating a better energy future in three important interconnected ways.Informing energy decision-making through convening expertise and adviceThe Statistical Review is central to the EIs work to provide the evidence and expertise needed by governments and businesses to navigate the energy transition.Our related events programme culminates each year in London with International Energy Week.Attracting,developing and equipping the diverse future energy workforceThe EI is the professional home for people working across the world of energy from engineers to environmentalists,technicians to analysts,academics to innovators.We provide the training,publications,mentoring,networking and chartered titles essential to skilled,rewarding careers.Enabling industry to make energy lower carbon,safer and more efficientThe EI brings together companies from all parts of the industry,from conventional to renewable,to work in collaboration with regulators,academia and others to solve shared technical challenges.Our extensive catalogue of good practice guidance is relied on by industry worldwide.Apple App Store Google Play Store.Become an individual member Become a technical partnerIntroduction2 Foreword4 2023 Key highlights6 Regional overviewPrimary energy and carbon12 Foreword13 Consumption14 Consumption by fuel15 Consumption per capitaCarbon16 Carbon dioxide emissions from energy17 Emissions from gas flaring18 Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions19 Carbon capture,usage and storage19 PricesOil20 Foreword21 Production26 Consumption30 Prices31 Refining33 Trade movementsNatural gas36 Foreword37 Production39 Consumption41 Prices41 Hydrogen production capacity42 Trade movementsCoal46 Foreword47 Production49 Trade movements50 Prices51 ConsumptionNuclear energy52 Foreword53 GenerationElectricity and renewables54 ForewordElectricity55 Generation56 Generation by fuel56 Grid-scale battery energy Hydroelectricity57 GenerationRenewable energy58 Consumption60 Solar installed61 Wind installed62 Solar and Wind installed by type63 Generation by source64 Biofuels production65 Biofuels consumptionKey minerals66 Foreword67 Production and reserves68 PricesMethodology69 More detail on the methodologyAppendices71 Approximate conversion factors72 Definitions More informationContentsBack to contents Back to contents Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2024 3 ForewordForewordThis 73rd Statistical Review of World Energy is the second under the custodianship of the Energy Institute(EI).KPMGBusinesses worldwide rely on independent and authoritative data to inform their energy transition strategies and investment decisions.The Energy Institutes 2024 Statistical Review of World Energy provides comprehensive insights,which is why KPMG International is proud to collaborate with them on the production of this report.We saw renewables continuing to scale at pace,with record highs in 2023 and China adding more renewable generation than the rest of the world combined.But fossil fuels grew as well to meet the rising demand for energy globally.As a result,the share of fossil fuels in world energy demand remained stubbornly stuck around the 80%mark.With record CO2 emissions as well in 2023,this recent data should serve as a timely reminder for the world to redouble efforts to reduce carbon emissions and reach net zero.In particular,we should do more to provide finance and capacity to support the building of more low-carbon energy sources in the Global South,where demand is growing at a rapid pace.KearneyCOP28 and rhetoric from world leaders on the energy transition demonstrates the ambition to reduce the worlds fossil fuel dependency.However,this ambition is futile unless it is matched with drastic and coordinated actions resulting in real and immediate impact on climate change mitigation.The Statistical Review of World Energy is the perfect opportunity for us to take a step back and examine the reality of our energy usage to understand just how far we must go on this transitional journey.While progress has been made,2023 was unfortunately another record year for the consumption of fossil fuels and emissions from energy.With global temperature increases closing in on 1.5C,we are also seeing a real disconnect with the Paris goals and the progress of the transition is too slow.We hope that this report will help governments,world leaders and analysts around the world move forward,clear-eyed about the challenge that lies ahead,and ready to take a lead in promoting and enabling the use of clean energy across the world.Simon Virley CB FEI Vice Chair and Head of Energy and Natural Resources,KPMG in the UKDr Romain Debarre Partner and Managing Director,Energy Transition Institute,KearneyIn collaboration withEnergy has always been and remains central to human achievement and progress.It is also,increasingly,central to our very survival.With global temperature increases averaging close to 1.5C,2023 was the warmest year since records began,and the increasingly severe impacts of climate change were felt across all continents.We also experienced the continuing effects of geopolitical disruption on energy markets,and the economies and livelihoods they support.As the chartered professional membership body for people working across the world of energy,the Energy Institute is proud to be the home of the Statistical Review of World Energy.Our aim is to provide an objective,independent and comprehensive evidence base for decision makers in governments,businesses and civil society grappling with these profound challenges.In this second Statistical Review under the Institutes custodianship,we report on another year of highs in our energy hungry world.Record consumption of fossil fuels and record emissions from energy,but also record generation from renewables,driven by increasingly competitive wind and solar energy.The progress of the transition is slow,but the big picture masks diverse energy stories playing out across different geographies.This year we provide additional visualisations to bring these contrasts to life from advanced economies where we see signs of demand for fossil fuels peaking,to economies in the Global South for whom economic development and improvements in quality of life continue to drive fossil growth.This year we also introduce new data sets in areas that will grow in significance over the coming years and decades in battery storage and battery cells,carbon capture,hydrogen,ammonia,uranium,carbon prices,and additional key minerals and materials.Over the coming months,well be engaging with users on further developments,to ensure the way we measure and analyse energy keeps pace and stays relevant as the transition progresses from high to low carbon,from molecule to electron,from supply-led to demand-led.We are grateful to our co-authors KPMG and Kearney in this vital endeavour,for the support of S&P Global Commodity Insights and bp,and for the data compilation undertaken by Heriot-Watt University.Together we are able to ensure the Statistical Review remains the respected,go-to source of data for the energy community around the world.The progress of the transition is slow,but the big picture masks diverse energy stories playing out across different geographies.Juliet Davenport OBE HonFEI President,Energy InstituteDr Nick Wayth CEng FEI FIMechE CEO,Energy InstituteBack to contents 4 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2024Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2024 5 Back to contents Back to contents 2023 Key highlights2023 was a year of production and consumption records across the board with most markets returning to at least their 2019 pre-COVID long-term trends as supply chain issues finally eased.Oil consumption in particular rebounded strongly,largely on the back of China relaxing its zero-COVID lockdown policies.Although demand for gas remained flat,consumption of crude oil broke through the 100 million barrels per day level for the first time ever and coal demand beat the previous years record level.Consumption of renewable energy grew at six times the rate of total primary energy,and electricity demand grew 25%faster than total primary energy consumption.Energy developments Total primary energy consumption increased by 2%over its 2022 level,0.6%above its ten-year average and over 5%above its 2019 pre-COVID level.Renewables share of total primary energy consumption reached 14.6%,an increase of 0.4%over the previous year.Together with nuclear,they represented over 18%of total primary energy consumption.Fossil fuel consumption as a percentage of primary energy dropped 0.4%to 81.5%.Carbon emissions Greenhouse gas emissions from energy use,industrial processes,flaring and methane(in carbon dioxide equivalent terms)increased 2.1%to exceed the record level set in 2022.For the first time ever,energy-related emissions exceeded the 40 GtCO2e level,with emissions from the direct use of energy breaching 35 GtCO2e for the first time ever.Carbon dioxide emissions from flaring increased by 7%along with emissions from methane and industrial processes that also increased by over 5%.Oil Although Brent crude oil prices fell 18%to average$83/bbl in 2023,they were still some 29%above their 2019 pre-COVID levels.Global oil production increased by 1.8 million b/d to reach a record level of 96 million b/d in 2023.The US remained the largest producer seeing its output grow by over 8%.Overall production from non-OPEC+countries exceeded global incremental demand growth by 20%.In 2022 the combined consumption of oil and biofuel products exceeded 100 million barrels per day for the first time ever.In 2023,consumption of oil products alone exceeded this level.Regionally,whilst North America witnessed a modest increase in oil consumption of around 0.8%,demand in Europe fell by nearly 1%to 13.9 million barrels per day.By contrast,the Asia Pacific region saw an increase of over 5%to 38 million barrels per day.The ending of Chinas extended zero-COVID lockdown measures saw demand for gasoline and diesel rebound to 7,179 kbd,15%above its 2019 pre-COVID levels.Whilst its demand for jet/kerosene grew by 74%in 2023 to 828 kbd,this is still 14%below its 2019 level which was a record year for China.Chinas refining capacity(18,484 kb/d)exceeded the US(18,429 kb/d)for the first time ever making it the largest oil refining market by capacity.However,throughput of refined products from China still lags the US with an overall utilisation of 81.7%versus 86.6%.Natural gas On average natural gas prices in Europe and Asia fell 30%from their record highs recorded in 2022,averaging around$13/mmBtu.US Henry Hub prices exhibited an even greater fall of 60%to average$2.5/mmBtu across the year,back to their 2019 pre-COVID level.Global gas production remained relatively constant compared to 2022.The US remains the largest producer of gas delivering around a quarter of the worlds supply.Output in Europe and the CIS fell by around 7%and 4%respectively.In absolute terms,the Russian Federation saw the largest fall in output with a 5%drop of 32 bcm.In 2023 LNG supply grew nearly 2%(10 bcm)to 549 bcm.The US overtook Qatar as the worlds largest exporter of LNG,seeing its supply increase nearly 10%versus a 2%drop from Qatar.The Russia Federation saw falls in both its LNG and pipeline exports with LNG dropping nearly 2%(0.8 bcm)and pipeline supplies dropping around 24%(30 bcm).Global natural gas demand increased by only 1 bcm in 2023,a rise of only 0.02%and only slightly above its 2019 pre-COVID level.Whilst its share of global fossil fuel consumption remained around the 29%mark,its share of total primary energy consumption fell 0.5%since 2019.The global growth in LNG demand was triggered primarily by the Asia Pacific region with China,India,and other non-OECD Asia Pacific countries demand increasing by 11 bcm,2.6 bcm,and 7.6 bcm respectively.LNG into both Europe and OECD Asia Pacific countries fell by 3 bcm and 11 bcm respectively.China regained its position as the worlds largest LNG importing country followed by Japan and South Korea.Together,they accounted for around 45%of global LNG trade.Overall natural gas pipeline net trade fell by around 8%(or 35 bcm)in 2023.European pipeline imports fell by 26%(40 bcm),almost entirely attributable to supplies from Russia which accounted for 91%of the drop.Coal From the record levels recorded in 2022,coal prices fell 46%on average with European delivered prices settling around$130/tonne and delivered prices in Asia averaging around$125/tonne.Global coal production reached its highest ever level (179 EJ),beating the previous high set the year before.The Asia Pacific region accounted for nearly 80%of global output with activity concentrated in just four countries,Australia,China,India,and Indonesia.Global coal consumption continued to increase and breached 164 EJ for the first time ever.The increase of 1.6%over 2022 was seven times higher than the previous ten-year average growth rate.Whilst China is by far the largest consumer of coal(it beat its own record set in 2022 and now accounts for 56%of the worlds total consumption),in 2023 India exceeded the combined consumption of Europe and North America for the first time ever.Coal consumption in both Europe and North America fell below 10 EJ each and has been in constant decline over the past 10 years.Electricity Global electricity generation increased by 2.5%in 2023 to reach a record level of 29,925 TWh.Whilst electricity demand in Asia Pacific and the Middle East increased by around 5%,demand in both Europe and North America fell by 2.4%and 1%respectively.For fossil fuels,coal retained its position as the dominant fuel for power generation in 2023 with a stable share around 35%.Natural gas share of the generation fleet also remained stable at around 23%.Oil-fired plant contributed just over 2%of total electrical output.Rene