高考英语常见熟词生义500词例释(OK)教学文案.doc

高考英语常见熟词生义500词例释(OK)

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高考英语常见熟词生义500词例释
《新课程标准》，《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词性和词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，但却给考生增加了数倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是非常普遍存在的。单选题如此，完形填空、阅读理解、阅读表达等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是。为了能使我们广大考生顺利通过考试，我们根据《新课程标准》、《考试说明》的词汇表所列词汇，按照字母顺序逐一解析高考及平时考试中屡屡遇到的，使学生感到极为棘手的熟词生义。
A
1. about：（熟义：关于）
We spent the whole afternoon walking about town．prep．＆adv．到处＝（美）around
2. absent 熟义：adj. 缺席的）
He looked at me in an absent way. adj. 茫然的，恍惚的
3. abuse 熟义：v 滥用，谩骂
She is quite a successful career woman, but actually she's much abused at home. v. 虐待
4. accept vt．＆vi．① 同意（接受别人的观点，看法）（熟义：接受）
Tom accepted her explanation．汤姆同意她的解释。
② 认可，领受，认为
I accept that the aircraft has no choice but to crash into the sea.飞机只有坠入大海，别无他法，我只好认命了。
5. accommodate 熟义：住宿，留宿
This hotel can accommodate more than 5oo guests. vt 容纳
He accommodated me when I asked him for help. v. 准予，提供
6. ache 熟义： v/n 疼痛
He was aching for home. v. 渴望
7. act vi．熟义：行动
It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act．（vi.起作用） 只需几分钟，药物就起作用了。
8. acknowledge 熟义：vt. 承认，道谢
He acknowledged me by lifting his hat. vt. 对...打招呼
9. across prep. 熟义： prep. 越过
The two roads cut across each other. 与...交叉，与...成十字
10. advance 熟义：v/n 前进，推进
She asked me for an advance on her salary. n. 预付（款），
Share prices showed significant advances today. n. 增加
11. add （熟义：加）
“They don’t know.” he added. vt．接着说，又说；补充说
12. address vt．① 称呼（熟义：地址，写地址）
The president should be addressed as “Mr President.” 统应称为“总统先生”。
②直接向……说 ③向……发表演说
She turned to address the man on her left. 她转身过去，向她左边的那人讲话。
He is going to address the meeting in a minute. 他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。
It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting. vt. 向...发表演说
13. admit vt．（熟义：承认）
The servant opened the door and admitted me (into the house). 允许进入
The theatre only admits 1, 000 persons. 容纳
14. against （熟义：反对，违背）
The picture looks good against the white wall．prep．衬着，迎着，靠着
15. age 熟义：n, 年龄
Worry aged him rapidly. v. 使变老
16. agree with （熟义：同意）
Your story agrees with what I heard. 与……一致，
Long plane trips don't agree with m. 协调，适合
17. air （熟义：n．空气）
Don’t air your troubles too often． v. 抒发；倾诉；传播）不要经常发牢骚。
There was a comfortable air about her room. n. 样子，神态，气氛
18. alive 熟义：adj. 活着的
The street are alive with people. adj. 充满（活的或动的东西）
19. alone 熟义：adv. 单独地，一个人地
She alone was able to answer the question. adv. 仅仅，只有
20. amount 熟义：n. 量
The cost amounted to $ 2000. v. 达到，共计
What you have said amounts to a refusal. 相当于
21. announce 熟义：宣布
Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring. vt. 显示，预告
22. appreciate 熟义：v. 欣赏，感激，感谢
I appreciate that I may be wrong. v. 意识到=realize
We appreciate the danger ahead. v. 意识到
23. arrival 熟义：n. 到达
All stood up to welcome the new arrival. n. 到达的人或事物
24. at all（熟义：常与not连用，构成not at all：不用谢，一点也不。）
If it is at all foggy, I shall not go out. 真的，确实
This is the first time that I have ever been abroad at all．真的，确实
25. arm （熟义：n．手臂）
Lay down your arms or we’ll fire！ n．武器v．武装
26. attend （熟义：出席）
Dr. Parialal Lal attends him. vt．＆vi．看护，治疗
If you go out，who'll attend to the baby？如果你走了，谁来照看婴儿？
The nurse attended to him day and night. v. 看护；治疗
27. arrange 熟义： v. 安排；整理
I’ve arranged with the neighbours about filling the manager’s job. v. 商量
28. arrest 熟义：vt. 逮捕
The new medicine arrested the spread of the disease. vt. 停止，阻止
29. assume 熟义：vt. 假定，以为
He will assume the directorship of the project. vt. 担任
30. absolute 熟义：adj; 完全的，绝对的
The police have absolute proof that he was the murderer. adj. 确切的
31. accompany 熟义：vt. 陪伴，伴奏
Strong winds accompanied the heavy rain. v.伴随
32. account for 熟义： 解释说明...的原因；占...比例
His illness accounts for his absence. 因为
33. aggressive 熟义：adj. 好斗的，侵略的
If he wants to succeed, he has to be aggressive. adj. 进取的
34. alike 熟义：adj/adv. 想象地；相似的
Teachers should care for all the pupils alike. adv. 同样地
35. allergic 熟义：adj. 过敏的
I am allergic to those who could not give help. adj. 对...十分厌恶
36. allow 熟义：v. 允许
This diet allows you one glass of wine a day. vt. 使可能
37. ample 熟义：adj. 足够的，丰裕的
That you stay abroad will give you ample chances to learn a new language. adj. 广泛的
38. aspect 熟义：n. 方面
a man with an impressive aspect n. 面貌，外表，样子，外观
39. available adj. 熟义： adj. 可得到的，可找到的
The worthy professor is now available. （人）有空的
40. advance 熟义： v./n 前进，推进
She asked for an advance on her salary. n. 预付（款）
Share prices showed significant advances today. n. 增加
41. advise 熟义： vt. 建议
Please advise us of the arrival of the goods. vt. 通知
42. against 熟义： prep. 逆着，反对；倚，靠，碰
The picture looks nice against the white wall. prep. 映衬

B
43. balance 熟义： n/v 平衡
I must check my bank balance. n. 差额，余款
The school aims to balance the amount of time spent on arts and science subjects. v. 权衡
44．back （熟义：n．背）
Many of his friends backed his plan．vt．支持
45. badly adv．（熟义：坏）
The boy badly wants a new bike．adv. 迫切
46. bar 熟义：棒，条，吧间
Poor health may be a bar to success in life. n. 障碍
47. become 熟义：v. 变得，变成
Her new hat certainly becomes her. vt. 适于，适合
48. before conj．才；就（熟义：以前）
It was a long time before I got to sleep again．过了很久我才再睡着。
I hadn’t waited long before he came．我没有等多久，他就来了。
49. behaviour 熟义：n. 举止，行为
The behaviour of this computer is moderately good. n. 性能，特点
50. blank 熟义： adj. 空白的 n. 空白
The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look. adj. 没表情的，空虚的，没兴趣的
I can’t think where I've left my umbrella; my mind's a complete blank. n. 记忆中的空白，遗忘
51. blue 熟义：adj/n 蓝色
His songs always make me feel blue. adj. 忧伤的
52. beside 熟义：prep. 在...旁边
Beside your earlier work, this piece seems rather disappointing. prep. 与...相比
53. build 熟义：v. 建设
The athlete has a solid build. n. 身材，体形
54. bare 熟义：adj. 裸露的
He likes to bare his heart/soul with his close friends. vt. 向某人袒露心声
55. bear 熟义： vt. 忍受，容忍
He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars. v. 显示，带有
56. bitter 熟义: adj. 苦的，痛苦的
Why was she so bitter against Mr. Smith? adj. 强烈的(...如此强烈反对...）
57. blanket 熟义： n. 毯子
The whole village was blanketed with heavy snow. vt. 以厚层覆盖 (译:... 覆盖着厚厚的雪)
58. break down［熟义：（机器等）坏了］
All our plans broke down．（计划）失败，坚持不下去。
59. bring （熟义：带来）
The cries brought the neighbours running．v．引起
60. build （熟义：v．修建）
The football player has a solid build．n．身材，体型
61. build up 熟义： 建立，增强...体质
The noise is building up until she could not stand it. 增高，加强
62. burst 熟义： v. 使爆炸，破裂
The storm burst and we all got wet. v. 突然爆发
63. bond 熟义：v. 使牢固结合 adj. 一定会
I don’t like being desk-bound all day. adj. 受...约束
Mothers who are depressed sometimes fail to bond with their children. v. 发展或建立信赖和亲切关系
64.burning 熟义：adj. 炽热的
She is burning to tell you the news. adj. 感情等强烈的

C
65. can （熟义：能）
Mother cans fruit．n．罐头vt．做成罐头
66. capital 熟义： n. 首都，首府；资本
Our capital task at the moment is to persuade her to calm down. adj. 极严重的，根本的
67. cause （ 熟义：n．起因，v．引起）
The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace．联合国为世界和平事业做了许多贡献。
We are struggling for revolutionary cause. n．事业
68. celebrate 熟义： vt. 庆祝
He celebrated her for her courage. vt. 称颂，赞扬
69. chance （熟义：机会）
There is a chance that I will see him．n．可能性
We chanced to be out when she called．v．碰巧
70. check 熟义： vt. 检查
We should check the spread of the disease. vt. 阻止，制止
71. choice 熟义： n. 选择
Some of his remarks are really choice. adj. 斟酌得当的
72. civil 熟义：adj. 公民的，国内的
He is a civil person. adj. 有礼貌的，彬彬有礼的
73. class 熟义：n. 班级
It is no doubt that the professional classes do a much better job than those who are not. n. 阶级, 阶层, 等级
74. climate 熟义： n. 气候
The cultural climate here is somehow a little upsetting. n. 风气；思潮；倾向
74-1 cloudy 熟义：adj. 阴天的，多云的
Who did it still remains cloudy. adj. 不明朗的，不清晰的
75. coach 熟义：n. 教练
She coached me in English. v. 辅导，指导
76. command 熟义： v. 命令，指挥
His bravery commanded our respect. .v. 博得，赢得contains v. 制服；抑制
77. contain 熟义： v. 含有，包含；克制
The man was later contained by the police. v. 制服
He is too excited to contain his laughter. vt. 抑制
78. count 熟义：n/v 计算，数
There are 10 people in the classroom counting two teachers. vt. 包括
It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. vt. 重要，有价值
She was counted among the greatest dancers. vt. 视为，以为
79. couple 熟义：n. 一对，一双；一对夫妇或情侣
The dining car was coupled onto the last coach. v. 连接，联合 （餐车与最后一节车相连）
80. come back ①重新流行②顶嘴③回想起来（熟义：回来）
Do you think long dresses will ever come back？你认为长裙子还会再流行吗？
He came back at her with a nasty remark．他以恶毒的语言回击她。
It’s suddenly to come back where I saw you last．突然，我想起上次我在什么地方见过你。
81. come in开始流行；上市；上台执政；承担（任务）（熟义：进来）
This style is certain to come in this year．今年这种款式肯定流行。
If the Workers’ Party comes in at the next election a lot of industry will be state-owned．
如果工人党下届上台执政，许多工业都将收为国有。
Here is the plan of attack, and this is where you come in.这是我们的攻击计划,这是你要执行的任务。
82. come on进行，进展；开始（下雨）；上映，上演，举行（熟义：快过来）
How has he come on at school this year？他今年学业进展如何？
The rain has just come on．雨刚开始下。
The next exam comes on in early summer．下次考试将在夏初进行。
83. come out①出版；②开花；③结果（如何）（熟义：出来）
Everything will come out all right．一切都会好的。
84. company n．有人作伴；伙伴；客人（均为不可数）（熟义：公司）
You may know a man by the company he keeps．你可以从一个人所交的朋友了解他的为人。
He came in company with a group of girls．他是和一群女孩子来的。
85. concert （熟义：音乐会）
The various governments decided to act in concert over this matter.各级政府决定互相配合处理此事。
The team made a concerted effort to win the game．n．协作，一致
86. cost vt．使失去（生命、健康等）（熟义：花费；值……）
The patient’s dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night.
病人的危险状态使医生、护士好几夜不曾合眼。
87. count ；［熟义：数（数目）］
Every minute counts．vi．重要
On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife． vt．认为
88. cover 熟义：v．走完（一段路），看完（多少页书）；涉及；报导，覆盖
Here is￡5; that should cover all your expenses．v. 够付（费用）
89. course 熟义： n. 课程，过程
The main course was a vegetable stew. n. 一道菜（译：这道主菜是蔬菜炖肉）
90. cross 熟义： v. 跨越，横穿 n. 十字
Don’t be cross with him---- after all, he meant to help. adj. 生气的
91. cut 熟义：vt 砍，割，切
His rude remarks cut me. vt. 伤感情
92. case 熟义： n. 情况，状况
There are three cases of fever in school. n. 病例，案例
93. casual 熟义： adj. 偶然的，随意的
He was employed as a casual labourer. adj. 临时的
94. cater 熟义： v. 为社交活动提供饮食；承办酒席;
TV must cater for many different tastes. v. 满足需要，迎合
95. caution 熟义：n. 谨慎
The teacher cautioned him against being late. v. 告诫，提醒
96. chance 熟义：n. 机会
She chanced to be in when he called. v. 碰巧
97.choke 熟义： v. 窒息，哽咽
I managed to choke back my tears. v. 强忍住，抑制，克制
98. charge 熟义：索价，收费；指控，控告
Mother charged Alice to take good care of the baby. v. 赋予...责任或义务
99. challenge 熟义： v. 挑战
I challenged him to a game of chess. v. 强烈建议干某事
100. clean 熟义：adj. 干净的
I clean forgot about it. adv. 彻底地，完全地
101. company 熟义： n. 公司
You must know a man by the company he keeps. n. 陪伴，做伴，伙伴
102. conduct 熟义： v. 组织，实施，指挥，引导
He conducted himself far better than expected. v. 举止，表现
103. congratulate 熟义： v. 祝贺
I congratulated myself on my escape. v. 为成功感到高兴或自豪，恭喜
104. consume 熟义：vt. 消耗，消费
The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighbourhood. vt. 烧毁， 毁灭
练习：将下列句子译成汉语。
1. The new theory became widely accepted.
2. The brake wouldn’t act, so there was an accident.
3. The President gave an address to the nation over thd radio.
4. This ticket will admit three to the film.
5. The national flag stands out brightly against the blue sky.
6. Do it well if you do it at all.
7. It wasn't long before his new car broke down.
8. This type of suit doesn't agree with your build.
9. It chanced that the rain came on when we started out.
10. I came out first in this exam.
11. I have company this evening.
12. The teacher asked the students to read the text in concert.
13. Careless driving cost him his life.
14. For businessmen what counted was money.
15. Hospitals receive ＄10, 000per donor to cover the costs of the operating room, doctors and nurses.
keys: 1. 新理论被广泛接受 2. 刹车失灵 3. (总统通过电台向全国)致辞/发表演讲 4. 允许进3人 5. 在蓝天映衬下很醒目 6.（真的）要做就做好 7. 时间不长，他的车就出故障了 8. 不适合你的体型 9. 恰好 10. 得了第一名 11.伴，陪伴(n) 12. 齐声朗读 13. 使他失去妻子生命 14. 重要的是 15. 支付...费用
D
105. damage 熟义： v/n 损坏
He claimed $ 7000 damages from the taxi company. n. 赔偿金
106. dash 熟义： v. 猛冲
Being badly ill, he was dashed to hospital. vt. 急送
His mother dashed him into going to school every day. vt. 催促
107.dawn 熟义： n 拂晓， v. 破晓，天亮
The truth began to dawn on him. vt. 开始明白
108. desert 熟义： n 沙漠
He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. v. 抛弃，离弃
We sheltered from the storm in a deserted hut.我们在一间空无人住的茅屋里躲暴风雨。
109. develop 熟义： v. 发展，开发，研制
Did you have the film developed? v. 冲印，冲洗
develop a disease 得病 ，出现问题 He developed a cough．他咳嗽起来了。
develop a habit 逐渐形成
110. difficult 熟义： adj 困难的
You must get the permission of your difficult mother before getting married.
adj. 难以取悦的，不易满足的
111. deal with①与……做生意；②与……来往③论及（熟义：处理；对付）
Do you deal with Sm ith，the butcher？你与肉商史密斯有生意往来吗？
112. dismiss 熟义： v. 解雇，开除
He just laughed and dismissed my suggestion as unrealistic. vt. 拒绝考虑某人的意观点等
113. do （熟义：做，制作）
The shoes won’t do for mountain-climbing．vi．可以，行；够了，
Practice and determination will do wonders. v. 创造
Everything is doing well． vi. 进展
114. down 熟义： adv. 向下，在下面
I paid $1000 down on the car. adv. 作为首付款
115. draw （熟义：画）
The football match between the Korean team and the American team was so wonderful that it drew a lot of people, though in the end they drew the match. v．拉，拔出，吸引；不分胜负地结束
What moral are we to draw from the story. v. 获得，取得，推断出
116. drive v. 驾驶
Hunger drove her steal. v. 迫使某人做不好的事
117. delicate 熟义：adj. 精巧的，微妙的，脆弱的
I admired your delicate handling of the situation. adj. 巧妙的
118. deliver 熟义： 递送，传递，发表演说，接生
Only education can deliver people from misery. vt. 解救，拯救，使摆脱
119. deposit 熟义：v. 把钱存入银行
He deposited the book on the desk. vt. 放下，放置
120. divorce 熟义：v. 离婚
You can’t divorce science from ethical questions. v. 使分离，使脱离。

E
121. easy （熟义：容易的）
Now we are leading an easy life．adj．舒适的，安分的，轻松的
122. elect 熟义：v. 选举，推选
She elected to become a lawyer. v. 选择/决定做....
123. embarrass 熟义： vt. 使尴尬
What embarrasses your making an early start? vt. 阻碍
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