高英the-trail-that-rocked-the-world-翻译.doc

A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925.The counsel for my defense was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence July day in 1925.The counsel for my defense was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow.Leading counsel for the prosecution was WilliDarrow.Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan,the am Jennings Bryan,the silversilver-tongued orator,three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States,tongued orator,three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States,and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯?达罗。担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉詹宁斯布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。A few weeks before I had been an unknown schoolA few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton,a little town teacher in Dayton,a little town in the mountains of Tennessee.Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.in the mountains of Tennessee.Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.Seated in coSeated in court,ready to testify on my behalf,were a dozen distinguished professors urt,ready to testify on my behalf,were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists,led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University.More than 100 and scientists,led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University.More than 100 reporters were on hand,and even radio announcer s,who for the first time in history reporters were on hand,and even radio announcer s,who for the first time in history were to browere to broadcast a jury trial.Dont worry,son,well show them a few tricks,Darrow adcast a jury trial.Dont worry,son,well show them a few tricks,Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.court to open.几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。在法庭就座为我作证的有以哈佛大学的科特里?马瑟教授为首的十几位有名望的教授和科学家。到场的还有一百多名新闻记者，甚至还有一些广播电台的播音员，他们也要破天荒地播放一次庭审实况。就在我们静候着法庭开审的当儿，达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安慰道：“别担心，孩子，我们会给他们点厉害瞧瞧。”The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at the secondary schoomaster and football coach at the secondary school.For a number of years a clash had l.For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists.The fundamentalists been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists.The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.The modernists,on the other adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.The modernists,on the other hand,accepted the theory advanced by Charles Dhand,accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin arwin-that all animal life,including that all animal life,including monkeys and men,had evolved from a common ancestor.monkeys and men,had evolved from a common ancestor.我刚到戴顿中学任自然科学教员兼足球教练不久，这件案子就突然降临到我的头上。若干年来，原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间就一直在酝酿着一场冲突。原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意义去理解旧约全书，而 现代主义者则接受查尔斯?达尔文的进化论认为一切动物，包括猿和人，都是由同一个祖先进化而来的。FundamentalFundamentalism was strong in Tennessee,and the state legislature had recently ism was strong in Tennessee,and the state legislature had recently passed a law prohibiting the teaching of any theory that denies the story of creation passed a law prohibiting the teaching of any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible.The new law was aimed squarely at Darwins theory of evolution.as taught in the Bible.The new law was aimed squarely at Darwins theory of evolution.An engineer,An engineer,George Rappelyea,used to argue with the local people against the law.During George Rappelyea,used to argue with the local people against the law.During one such argument,Rappelyea said that nobody could teach biology without teaching one such argument,Rappelyea said that nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution.Since I had been teaching biology,I was sent for.evolution.Since I had been teaching biology,I was sent for.在田纳西州，原教旨主义势力很强，州立法机构最近还通过了一项法令，禁止公开讲授“任何否定圣经上宣讲的创世说的理论。”这项新法规的矛头直接指向了达尔文的进化论。有位名叫乔治?拉普利亚的工程师因反对这项法规常和当地人进行辩论。有一次辩论中，拉普利亚说，任何人要讲授生物学，就不能不讲进化论。因为我就是讲授生物学的，所以他们便把我叫去作证。Rappelyea is right,I told them.Rappelyea is right,I told them.Then you have been violating the law,one of them Said.Then you have been violating the law,one of them Said.So has every otherSo has every other teacher,I replied.Evolution is explained in Hunters Civic teacher,I replied.Evolution is explained in Hunters Civic Biology,and thats our textbook.Rappelyea then made a suggestion.Lets take this Biology,and thats our textbook.Rappelyea then made a suggestion.Lets take this thing to court,he said,and test the legalitything to court,he said,and test the legality of it.of it.“拉普利亚是对的，”我对他们说。“那么说，你在触犯法律，”他们中的一位说。“所有其他的教师也都在触犯法律，”我回答说。“亨特所著的生物学基础中就讲到了进化论，那是我们使用的教科书。”于是拉普利亚提出一个建议。“让我们将此事交付法庭判决，”他说，“以检验其是否合法。”When I was indicted on May 7,no one,least of all I,anticipated that my case would When I was indicted on May 7,no one,least of all I,anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S.history.The American Civsnowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S.history.The American Civil Liberties il Liberties Union announced that it would take my case to the U.S Supreme Court if necessary to Union announced that it would take my case to the U.S Supreme Court if necessary to establish that a teacher may tell the truth without being sent to jail.Then Bryan establish that a teacher may tell the truth without being sent to jail.Then Bryan volunteered to assist the state in prosecuting me.Immediately the renownevolunteered to assist the state in prosecuting me.Immediately the renowned lawyer d lawyer Clarence Darrow offered his services to defend me.Ironically,I had not known Darrow Clarence Darrow offered his services to defend me.Ironically,I had not known Darrow before my trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a talk at my university.I admired before my trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a talk at my university.I admired him,although I did not agree with his views.him,although I did not agree with his views.当我于五月七日被正式起诉时，谁也不曾料到，我本人更没有料到我的这件案子竟会越闹越大，以至成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一。美国公民自由联合会宣布：如有必要，联合会将把我的案子提交美国最高法院审理，“以确保教师不至于因讲授真理而被送进监狱。”接着，布莱恩自告奋勇地要协助州政府方面对我进行起诉。著名律师克拉伦斯?达罗也立即主动提出要替我辩护。具有讽刺意味的是，在这次审判之前我并不认识达罗，但我却见过布莱恩，那是我念大学的时候，他来校作过演讲。我很钦佩他，尽管我并不赞同他的观点。By the time the trial began on July 10,By the time the trial began on July 10,our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circus our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere.The buildings along the main street were festooned with banners.The streets atmosphere.The buildings along the main street were festooned with banners.The streets around the threearound the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs,religious books and watermeldogs,religious books and watermelons.Evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby.ons.Evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby.People from the surrounding hills,mostly fundamentalists,arrived to cheer Bryan People from the surrounding hills,mostly fundamentalists,arrived to cheer Bryan against the“infidel outsiders Among them was John Butler,who had drawn up the against the“infidel outsiders Among them was John Butler,who had drawn up the antianti-evolution law.Butler was a 49evolution law.Butler was a 49-yeyearar-old farmer who before his election had never old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native county.been out of his native county.到七月十日庭审开始的时候，我们这个拥有一千五百人口的小镇上呈现出一派看马戏似的热闹气氛。大街两旁的建筑物上都挂起了彩旗。在法院的三层红砖房子周围的街道上突然冒出了许多摇摇晃晃的摊贩货架，出售的是热狗、宗教书籍和西瓜。福音传教士们也在街上搭起帐篷向行人传教布道。附近一带的山区居民，其中多半是原教旨主义者，也纷纷赶到镇上来为布莱恩呐喊助威，打击那些“外来的异教徒”。他们当中就有具体起草了那条反进化论法令的约翰?巴特勒。巴特勒是一位四十九岁的农场主，在当选之前还从未跨出过自己的县境。The presiding judge was John Raulston,a floridThe presiding judge was John Raulston,a florid-faced man who announced:Im just faced man who announced:Im just a regular mountaineer judge.Bryan,ageing and paunchy,was assisted in his prosecution a regular mountaineer judge.Bryan,ageing and paunchy,was assisted in his prosecution by his son,alsoby his son,also a lawyer,and Tennessees brilliant young attorneya lawyer,and Tennessees brilliant young attorney-general,Tom Stewart.general,Tom Stewart.Besides the shrewd 68Besides the shrewd 68-yearyear-old Darrow,my counsel included the handsome and magnetic old Darrow,my counsel included the handsome and magnetic Dudley Field Malone,43,and Arthur Garfield Hays,quiet,scholarly and steeped in the Dudley Field Malone,43,and Arthur Garfield Hays,quiet,scholarly and steeped in the law.In a law.In a trial in which religion played a key role,Darrow was an agnostic,Malone a trial in which religion played a key role,Darrow was an agnostic,Malone a Catholic and Hays a Jew.My father had come from Kentucky to be with me for the trial.Catholic and Hays a Jew.My father had come from Kentucky to be with me for the trial.主审法官名叫约翰.劳尔斯顿，是一位面色红润的男人。他操着浓重的地方口音高声说道：“我只是个平平常常的山区法官。”布莱恩的样子老态龙钟，大腹便便。协助他进行起诉工作的有他的儿 1 85 子也是个律师及田纳西州年轻有为的检察长汤姆?斯图尔特。我的辩护人当中则除了六十八岁的精明老练的达罗外，还有英俊潇洒、富于魅力的四十三岁的达德雷?费尔德?马隆和文质彬彬、学识丰富，尤其精通法学的阿瑟.伽费尔德.黑斯。在一场宗教起着关键作用的审判案中，达罗是个不可知论者，马隆是个天主教徒，而黑斯则是个犹太教徒。我的父亲也特意从肯塔基州赶来陪我面对这次审判。The judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer,The judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer,and the trial and the trial got under way.Of the 12 jurors,three had never read any book except the Bible.One got under way.Of the 12 jurors,three had never read any book except the Bible.One couldnt read.As my father growled,Thats one hell of a jury!couldnt read.As my father growled,Thats one hell of a jury!法官请了一位当地的牧师主持开庭祷告仪式，接着审判便开始了。陪审团的十二名成员中，有三人除圣经 之外再没有念过什么别的书，还有一人则根本不识字。难怪我父亲气呼呼地骂道：“真是他妈狗屁的陪审团!”After the preliminary sparring over legalities,Darrow got up to make his opening After the preliminary sparring over legalities,Darrow got up to make his opening statement.My friend the attorneystatement.My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for,Darrow drawled.I know what he is here for,too.He is here because igfor,Darrow drawled.I know what he is here for,too.He is here because ignorance norance and bigotry are,and it is a mighty strong combination.and bigotry are,and it is a mighty strong combination.履行完规定的法律诉讼程序之后，达罗站起来开始发言了。“我的朋友检察长先生方才告诉我们说约翰?司科普斯知道他为什么会被带上法庭，”达罗拖长着声音说。“我也知道他为什么会被带上法庭。那是因为愚昧和偏见还很猖獗，而且这两者又结合在一起，形成一股强大的势力。”Darrow walked slowly round the baking court.Today it is the Darrow walked slowly round the baking court.Today it is the teachers,he continued,teachers,he continued,and tomorrow the magazines,the books,the newspapers.After a while,it is the setting and tomorrow the magazines,the books,the newspapers.After a while,it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faage of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to ggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind.bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind.达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。“今天受攻击的是教师，”他接着说道，“明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地 退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。”That damned infidel,a woman whispered loudly as he finished his address.That damned infidel,a woman whispered loudly as he finished his address.The following day the prosecution began calling witThe following day the prosecution began calling wit-nesses against me.Two of my nesses against me.Two of my pupils testified,grinning shyly at me,that I had taught them evolution,but added thpupils testified,grinning shyly at me,that I had taught them evolution,but added that at they had not been contaminated by the experience.Howard Morgan,a bright lad of 14,they had not been contaminated by the experience.Howard Morgan,a bright lad of 14,testified that I had taught that man was a mammal like cows,horses,dogs and cattestified that I had taught that man was a mammal like cows,horses,dogs and cats.s.他的话音刚落，就听到一个妇女高声咕嘟了一句：“这个该死的异教徒!”第二天，控方开始传唤证人出庭作证。出庭作证的是我的两个学生，他们一边羞涩地对我傻笑，一边向法庭证明说我向他们宣讲过进化论，但又补充说他们并没有因此而受到毒害。一个叫霍华德.摩根的聪明的十四岁小男孩作证说我对他们讲过，人也像牛、马、狗、猫一样是哺乳动物。He didnt say a cat was the same as a man?Darrow asked.He didnt say a cat was the same as a man?Darrow asked.No,sir,the youngster said.He said man had reasoning power.No,sir,the youngster said.He said man had reasoning power.There is some doubt about that,Darrow snorted.There is some doubt about that,Darrow snorted.After the evidence was completed,Bryan rose to address the jury.The issue was simple,After the evidence was completed,Bryan rose to address the jury.The issue was simple,he declared The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes he declared The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed tthat he must have come from below.The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work.o his work.In one hand he brandished a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come In one hand he brandished a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defense.to Dayton to testify for the defense.“他没有说猫和人完全一样吧?”达罗问。“没有，先生，”那孩子说道。“他说人是有思维能力的。”“这话怕不一定对哩，”达罗哼着鼻子说。证人作证完毕后，布莱恩起立向陪审团陈辞。问题很简单，他说，“基督徒相信人来自天上，进化论者则认为人一定是来自地下。”旁听的群众忍不住咯咯地笑了起来，布莱恩也就越说越起劲，他一只手挥动着一本生物学教科书，一边口中发话谴责那些来到戴顿为我作证的科学家们。The Bible,he thundered in his sonorous organ tones,is not going to be driven The Bible,he thundered in his sonorous organ tones,is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution,with its ancestors in the jungle,with man made by God in His image and put evolution,with its ancestors in the jungle,with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan.here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan.“圣经，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。”As he finished,jaw outAs he finished,jaw out-thrust,eyes flashing,the audience burst into applause and thrust,eyes flashing,the audience bu