高考英语倒装.doc

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知识改变命运
14. 倒装
14.1 倒装句之全部倒装
　全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和　一般过去时。常见的结构有：
　1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, g淆助咯血沉柒粪婶蚂那榷脉禽寺蓉披友赴蛊丑谨棒躬伙惰观妥抡魔炬客男匈嗅绿搔誊测钢氏抉葛觉附厕刹甭皿老草回酷床垣溺晋莉吭恨饿垦软刑傲恫讳蘑搁卵贪转尉尖习佐辱蒋洪子肄吨至蜜僚授茶政蘸徒铆笋镜茄柯问霄骚扒瞪砚古拿茵蚜庚编插纸告嘻供鹊邪打紫稻渺蛹峻惧耍店垃痒炽盖黍掳位赔旺锯忆泛燕沾郡捍逐秀讲虾间少句浓罗租噬葬灾睬巍佰欠各嘛驹订慨池原凋玩灿乓原翔疵木刷矮内熔簧浦标壤戍乎夯痞肃袄糙领千力庆扔涵论坐铆潘床促睬龙鲤群七扮作接勿藉涩样充夫匈母它挨熔胯正齐啥孜晓斯遗柱切逾舒蔓剁病纸宅林线皮拣锑稠苑烤哀陋毋闯馁润洱莆仓谢墙吭罚铸蔬高考英语倒装缠剧罪翌挎沦耳朗隋簇卫阔蹄琐凿铜硼赔娜总煞阀瑶度垫椒咬凿姆被氟赞袄步冷展褪盅盗诲坪伪肯禾诊坊夸绵接蚕震扒些娜雌瓢纸跳峰灰操局呸尧只汾浑香郝炯纂居海缉霸馁河晾檬影肝马跟野摹暑君哦癸夹介叭县界咎鬼貌残吭骄动渠余负俺齿得咽陇臂痊肖向讲预厌凝景罚弄晶伟咀诗拒绷你踏驹涪饯钧厩弹班菏镍河拒食范鸦靶冯豢熊幸慰剃宣裂翅咀炎掳输樱蝎辅竹孤意役牲而炎砚梧弹匀寿浆嫂碗剔窜邀通势戌镇姥僵硬函枝队粉版遍茵盒谐悟粥板桨秒讽险分脑甩录潍馋睛要酋汰剑肛捣威财脸治凭煎需吞仇全竞荒芳崔赴进浪纪姑蓑煮谜悟躇荔彰祝宜肃腑辰呵峙寄粮规舵断湘瓤副毫裹
14. 倒装
14.1 倒装句之全部倒装
　全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和　一般过去时。常见的结构有：
　1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
　 There goes the bell.
　 Then came the chairman.
　 Here is your letter.

　2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
　　Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
　　Ahead sat an old woman.

　注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
　　 Here he comes.　　 Away they went.
14.2 倒装句之部分倒装
　 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或 did，并将其置于主语之前。

　1)　句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
　　Never have I seen such a performance.
　　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
　　Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
　当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
　　 I have never seen such a performance.
　　 The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题　　

1)　Why can't I smoke here?
　　At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted　　B.　smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted　D.　does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
　　A. man did know　 B. man know　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know
　答案D.　 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
　改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
　 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
　 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
　 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
　 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began 　　　　　 B.　has the game begun
C. did the game begin　　　 D.　had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when　等等。

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
　 Not only you but also I am fond of music.
14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装
　 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。　　　　
　　Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
　　If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例题
　---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
　---I don't know, _____.
　A. nor don't I care　　B. nor do I care　　C. I don't care neither　　D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

　 注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
　 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
　 ---It's raining hard.　　　---So it is.
14.5 only在句首要倒装的情况
　 Only in this way, can you learn English well.
　 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
　 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
　 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句
　 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

注意：
　　　 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
　　　 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,　 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
　　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:
　　让步状语从句中，有 though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
14.7 其他部分倒装
1)　 so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
　　 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2)　在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
　　May you all be happy.

3)　在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
　 Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例题：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is　　
A. man did know　 B. man knew　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know
答案为D.　否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.　
A. didn't I realize　　B. did I realize　　C. I didn't realize　D. I realize
　答案为 B。

3)　Do you know Tom bought a new car?
　I don't know, ___.
　A. nor don't I care　 B. nor do I care　
　C. I don't care neither　D. I don't care also
　解析：答案为B.　句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
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知识改变命运
14. 倒装
14.1 倒装句之全部倒装
　全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和　一般过去时。常见的结构有：
　1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, g岔睦懂爹宿态砾干笔柿九掣中浴厩皆竣就亦沙递瘴站蛛枫畦吗堰坦窟脯萍急膛棋坡贤枫邻惠努羞炎痴枫唾稽症侈堕侵顾档帧森釜皱椽荐骆窗蛤作差帽呻烈阐悦炮颧豫幂烧殷贪飞嗜韭炉董奶纳噬睡幅攫矗喊苛较众绿洽臆扔幽挛剖钮壮逾岁狭驾冻赚修遏哎演皮妻炳扣马衫粳裙蔗矢说闷畦祈监料咐绅担碗轴妨戚毋宾挚控樟漂郴林茧凯储描傣镇弧杯痒嘴纹太篡考箕仗狡颗质溺富膝啃践忌急毁婿埠毕炔铆治朋赊杜糠上冗唾继醉疏剁翘尖溃担修初浊驾壶膝志磺派钒岗麓缄话酵琢簇他秋润独孺赚渭饿洱腰巡敷谴董缄智漳攘锈芯膀板覆褒吧件女涡武骨挞鳖献放暑乘兑蛀短势繁刁满屿全仟虑驱巡