unit-4-Cloning-and-Ethics-Passage-A综合(课堂PPT).ppt

L/O/G/OL/O/G/OCloning and EthicsUnit Four1ContentsBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading4123Passage A Not Now,Dr.Miracle2Before Reading Talk in small groups Background information Lead-in Listening3Talk in small groupsWhat images does human cloning conjure up to you?How much do you know about it?Do you want a clone of yourself?Explain.Do you think we should promote cloning?Explain.(Note:Ss can take notes about the interesting points in their talk.)Image information in product Image:Notetocustomers:ThisimagehasbeenlicensedtobeusedwithinthisPowerPointtemplateonly.Youmaynotextracttheimageforanyotheruse.4Background informationClone（克隆）IVFtreatment（试管受精治疗）Vatican（梵蒂冈，罗马教廷）Dolly（绵羊多利）SeverinoAntinoriInformationaboutclonearoundtheworldPublicopinionsonHumancloning5Background informationCloningistheprocessofcreatinganidenticalcopyofsomething.Inbiology,itcollectivelyreferstoprocessesusedtocreatecopiesofDNAfragments(molecularcloning),cells(cellcloning),ororganisms.Thetermalsoencompassessituations,wherebyorganismsreproduceasexually.Thetermcloneisderivedfrom,theGreekwordfortwig,referringtotheprocess,wherebyanewplantcanbecreatedfromatwig.Reference:http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning6IVFTreatment(InVitroFertilization试管受精)In vitro literally means in glass.The dictionaryexplains it as a process made to occur outside thebiological body,inan artificial environment.Thus,invitrofertilizationsimplymeansthefertilizationprocessthat occurs under lab conditions and not inside themotherswomb(子宫）.Undernaturalconditions,forpregnancytotakeplace,thesperm（精子）fromthemale body unites with the egg inside the fallopiantube（输卵管）of the female body.However,anumberoffactorscancontributetothisprocessnotoccurringnaturally.7Vatican An independentpapal（教皇制度的）stateontheTiberRiverwithinRome,Italy.CreatedbytheLateranTreatysignedbyPope（罗马教皇）PiusXIandVictorEmmanuelIIIofItalyin1929,itissuesitsowncurrencyandpostagestampsandhasitsownnewspaperandbroadcastingfacilities.Thegovernmentisrunbyalaygovernorandcouncil,allresponsibletothepope.Population:932.8TourismattractionsinVaticanVaticanMuseums9TourismattractionsinVaticanPapalAudience10TourismattractionsinVaticanSistineChapel11TourismattractionsinVaticanVaticanGarden12DollyDollytheSheep,Cloning SubjectBorn:5July1996Birthplace:Edinburgh,ScotlandDied:14February2003Best Known As:Thefirstclonedmammal13Dolly was historys first cloned mammal.In February of1997 it was announced that the biotechnology firm PPLTherapeuticsandtheRoslinInstituteofEdinburgh,Scotlandhadsuccessfullyclonedasheep,underthedirectionofDr.Ian Wilmut.Cells from the udder（牛、羊 的 乳 房）of apregnantsixyear-oldsheepwereinsertedintotheuterus（子宫）ofanothersheeptodevelop,andDollywasborninJuly of 1996.(Her name was a sly nod to singer DollyParton.)DollyhadtheDNAofhersource,makingherthefirst mammal successfully cloned using adult cells.Dollywasputtosleepin2003afterdoctorsdetectedprogressivelungdisease,thoughshehadonlyreachedhalfthelifespanofatypicalsheep.14SEVERINOANTINORISeverino Antinori(born 1945)is an Italian gynecologistand embryologist.He has publicly taken controversialpositionsoverinvitrofertilisation(IVF)andhumancloning.Hebeganhiscareerinterestedinveterinarybiology.Heset up his own clinic in Rome in 1982.In 1986 hepioneered the use of the ICSI(intracytoplasmic sperminjection)processinItaly.From1989heextendedIVFtowomenwhohadpassedthemenopause.In 1994 he assisted Rosana Della Cortes,aged 63,inbecomingpregnant,shebecameoneoftheoldestwomeninhistorytogivebirth.15Information about clone around the worldIn 1996 scientists used a procedure called somatic cellnucleartransfer（体细胞核移植）toproducethesheepDolly from cloned cells.Dollys birth represented anadvance over previous cloning experiments because itprovedthatanimalscouldbeclonedfromthecellsofanadult animal.Like other efforts in cloning,however,thiswork demanded perseveranceit took 277 tries atsomaticcellnucleartransfertocreateDolly.16 Public opinions on Human cloning Antinori claims that human cloning is the greathuman experiment of our age and simply acontinuationofthebattletocombatinfertility(不孕症).Manyfellowscientistsdontagree,however,and condemn his work.One of these is LanWilmut,creator of Dolly the sheep.He callshumanreproductive（繁殖）cloning“dangerousand irresponsible”.Religious organizations arealso concerned and the Vatican has described Antinorisworkas“grotesque”(荒唐的)and“evil”.17France and Germany have proposed a two-stepapproachthatwouldfirstbanreproductivecloning（生殖性克隆-而对于生殖性克隆，即通常所说的克隆人，由于它在总体上违背了生命伦理原则，所以，科学家的主流意见是坚决反对的-）-producingaclonedbabyandthendebatewhethertobantherapeuticcloning（治疗性克隆-利用胚胎干细胞克隆人体器官，供医学研究、解决器官移植供体不足问题，这是国际科学界和伦理学界都支持的）.Thisformofcloninginvolvescreatingearlyembryosforuseinmedicalresearchandtreatment.ButtheUSwantsaone-stepblanketbanonallformsofcloningandclaimstoleadagroupofabout30mainlyCatholiccountriessharingthatview.18Lead-in Listening Listen to the following passage about cloning and try to fill the missing words in the blanks.You will hear the passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its original idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.19The The news news that that a a sheep sheep in in Scotland Scotland has has been been successfully successfully cloned cloned 1)1)_._.What What good good would would it it be be to to clone clone humans?humans?What What would would I I do do with with a a clone clone of of myself?myself?Then Then 2)2)_ _ that that I I could could have have my my clone clone go go into into work work for for me me while while I I went went out out hiking,hiking,biking,biking,skiing,skiing,etc.!I really could be in two places at once.etc.!I really could be in two places at once.But But wait wait a a minute.minute.If If thats thats what what I I would would do do with with my my clone,clone,how how do do I I know know that that Im Im not not a a clone clone myself?myself?What What if if the the 3)3)_ _ had had himself himself cloned cloned and and sent sent the the clone clone(that(that is,is,me)me)in in to to do do his his work work for him?for him?This explains a lot:This explains a lot:all all those those mysterious mysterious checks checks I I find find in in my my 4)4)_ _ every every month(with my signature)but dont remember writing,month(with my signature)but dont remember writing,First time why why my my wife wife doesnt doesnt seem seem to to notice notice when when Ive Ive been been out out of of town,town,all all those those traffic traffic tickets tickets I I have have to to pay pay but but swear swear I I never never received in the first place,received in the first place,why why my my friends friends say say things things like,like,“I“I thought thought I I saw saw you you out out skiing last week,”when I know I was at work,skiing last week,”when I know I was at work,why why I I keep keep getting getting fines fines for for 5)5)_ _ at at the the library,library,when when I I only check out CDs,only check out CDs,the the 6)6)_ _ to to my my credit credit card card(the the one one with with my my picture picture on on it)from London,Paris,New York.it)from London,Paris,New York.I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.2nd time2nd time20The The news news that that a a sheep sheep in in Scotland Scotland has has been been successfully successfully cloned cloned 1)1)_._.What What good good would would it it be be to to clone clone humans?humans?What What would would I I do do with with a a clone clone of of myself?myself?Then Then 2)2)_ _ that that I I could could have have my my clone clone go go into into work work for for me me while while I I went went out out hiking,hiking,biking,biking,skiing,skiing,etc.!I really could be in two places at once.etc.!I really could be in two places at once.But But wait wait a a minute.minute.If If thats thats what what I I would would do do with with my my clone,clone,how how do do I I know know that that Im Im not not a a clone clone myself?myself?What What if if the the 3)3)_ _ had had himself himself cloned cloned and and sent sent the the clone clone(that(that is,is,me)me)in in to to do do his his work work for him?for him?This explains a lot:This explains a lot:all all those those mysterious mysterious checks checks I I find find in in my my 4)4)_ _ every every month(with my signature)but dont remember writing,month(with my signature)but dont remember writing,Third time why why my my wife wife doesnt doesnt seem seem to to notice notice when when Ive Ive been been out out of of town,town,all all those those traffic traffic tickets tickets I I have have to to pay pay but but swear swear I I never never received in the first place,received in the first place,why why my my friends friends say say things things like,like,“I“I thought thought I I saw saw you you out out skiing last week,”when I know I was at work,skiing last week,”when I know I was at work,why why I I keep keep getting getting fines fines for for 5)5)_ _ at at the the library,library,when when I I only check out CDs,only check out CDs,the the 6)6)_ _ to to my my credit credit card card(the the one one with with my my picture picture on on it)from London,Paris,New York.it)from London,Paris,New York.I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.Check upCheck up21The The news news that that a a sheep sheep in in Scotland Scotland has has been been successfully successfully cloned cloned 1)1)_._.What What good good would would it it be be to to clone clone humans?humans?What What would would I I do do with with a a clone clone of of myself?myself?Then Then 2)2)_ _ that that I I could could have have my my clone clone go go into into work work for for me me while while I I went went out out hiking,hiking,biking,biking,skiing,skiing,etc.!etc.!I I really really could could be be in in two places at once.two places at once.But But wait wait a a minute.minute.If If thats thats what what I I would would do do with with my my clone,clone,how how do do I I know know that that Im Im not not a a clone clone myself?myself?What What if if the the 3)3)_ _ had had himself himself cloned cloned and and sent sent the the clone clone(that(that is,is,me)in to do his work for him?me)in to do his work for him?This explains a lot:This explains a lot:all all those those mysterious mysterious checks checks I I find find in in my my 4)4)_ _ every month(with my signature)but dont remember writing,every month(with my signature)but dont remember writing,got me wonderinggot me wonderingit hit meit hit meoriginal meoriginal mebank statementbank statement22 why why my my wife wife doesnt doesnt seem seem to to notice notice when when Ive Ive been been out out of of town,town,all all those those traffic traffic tickets tickets I I have have to to pay pay but but swear swear I I never never received in the first place,received in the first place,why why my my friends friends say say things things like,like,“I“I thought thought I I saw saw you you out out skiing last week,”when I know I was at work,skiing last week,”when I know I was at work,why why I I keep keep getting getting fines fines for for 5)5)_ _ at at the the library,when I only check out CDs,library,when I only check out CDs,the the 6)6)_ _ to to my my credit credit card card(the(the one one with my picture on it)from London,Paris,New York.with my picture on it)from London,Paris,New York.I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.overdue booksoverdue books unexplained chargesunexplained charges23Global R24Global Reading Activity 1Heading MatchingDirection:PassageAhas11paragraphs.Choosethemostsuitableheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Paragraph1hasbeendoneforyouasanexample.25List of HeadingsA.Usingreproductivecloningtocombatinfertility.B.TheRaelianssupportsreproductivecloning.C.Antinoribelievesthatreproductivecloningwillbeacceptedeventually.D.Topicraising:Dr.Miracleisofferingtoclonehispatients.E.Antinori,theItaliandoctor.F.Antinoriisnoordinaryscientist.26G.Successcanonlybeachievedatanunacceptablyhighprice.H.Regulateitorprohibitit?I.DividedviewsexpressedonDr.Miraclesoffer.J.Dr.Miracleistakingagraveriskbystartingreproductivecloningtooearly.K.Thescienceisnotreadyforhumancloning.L.Clonedbabieswillneverbeaccepted.M.Antinoriandhisteamhavemadeconsiderableprogressinreproductivecloning.27ExamplePar.1E.Antinori,the Italian doctor.NB:Therearemoreheadingsthanparagraphssoyouwillnotuseallofthem.28Keys to Heading MatchingE.Antinori,the Italian doctor.Para.Para.1 1 29Keys to Heading MatchingD.Topic raising:Dr.Miracle is offering to clone his patients.Para.Para.2 230Keys to Heading MatchingI.Divided views expressed on this offer.Para.Para.3 3 31Keys to Heading MatchingF.Antinori is no ordinary scientist.Para.Para.4 4 32Keys to Heading MatchingA.Using reproductive cloning to combat infertility.Para.Para.5 5 33Keys to Heading MatchingK.The science is not ready for human cloning.Para.Para.6 6 34Keys to Heading MatchingG.Success can only be achieved at an unacceptably high price.Para.Para.7 7 35Keys to Heading MatchingB.The Raelians,a religious group supports reproductive cloning.Para.Para.8 8 36Keys to Heading MatchingH.Regulate it or prohibit it?Para.Para.9 9 37Keys to Heading MatchingC.Antinori believes that reproductive cloning will be accepted eventually.Para.Para.1010 38Keys to Heading MatchingJ.Dr.Miracle is taking a grave risk by starting reproductive cloning too early.Para.Para.1111 39Global Reading Activity 2Readtheheadingofeachparagraphagainandthinkaboutthestructureofthispassage.Howmanypartscanwedividethispassageinto?40Part Division1-45-89-113 partsPart IPart IPart IIPart IIPart IIIPart III41Part I(1-4)1.WhoisDr.Miracle?Dr.MiracleisarichItaliandoctorcalledSeverinoAntinori.2.Whatdidhedointhepast?Sevenyearsago,hehelpedgrandmothersgivingbirthusingdonoreggs;Laterheusedmicetonurturethespermofmenwithpoorfertility.Inshort,hehaspushedreproductivebiologytothelimitsandhasalreadyofferedeveryIVFtreatmentundertheSun.423.Whatisheofferingtodonow?Heisofferingtoclonehispatientstocreatethebabiestheywant.4.Howdopeoplerespondtohisoffering?Itcreatedquiteastir.Like-mindedscientistsfromtheUShavejoinedhiminhisadventure;Otherscientistsroundedonhim;Religiousleaderslineuptoattackhisplan.43Raise the TopicDr.Antinori is a controversial doctor who pushes reproductive biology to the limits.Function and Summary44Part II(5-8)1.Whyistheideaofusingcloningtocombatinfertilitynotasmadasitsounds?Becauseforsomecouples,itstheonlyhopeforhavingtheirownchild.ifwewanttobeimmortal,thatsthekeytoachievingimmortality.452.Whenwillwechangeourmindandallowreproductivecloninginspecialcirc