天津电大责任教师夏方毅市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

天津电大责任教师：夏方毅天津电大责任教师：夏方毅1第1页Unit 7 EqualitySession TwoP369 Text 2第2页1 A SYSTEM(to regulate income inequality)should be mapped out in time to prevent income gaps from broadening.Income Inequality Must Be Eased2 The lopsided individual income pattern in China has tended to worsen since the country initiated economic reform and the open-door policy 17 years ago.我们应该及时制订一个制度来规范收入不平等情况，以预防收入差距加大。自从前中国实施了经济改革和对外开放政策以来，个人收入不平等情况就日趋严重。必须缓解收入不平等必须缓解收入不平等regulate:vt.To control or direct according to rule,principle,or law 管理,管制lopsided adj.Leaning to one side倾向一方；不平衡3第3页ease vt.1.To moderate(a quality or condition)in force or intensity,alleviate 在力量或强度上减轻（一个性质或条件),缓解eg.ease sb.of his troubles 消除某人烦恼2.To lessen the discomfort or pain of 减轻不适或痛楚 eg.The aspirin eased his headache.阿斯匹灵减轻了他头痛。3.To slacken the strain,pressure,or tension of;loosen降低担心、压力或强度；使安心,使舒适;松开eg.1)ease off a cable 松开缆绳 2)I eased her mind by telling her that the children were safe.我告诉她孩子们平安无恙,让她安心。vi.减轻;缓解;放松(+off)eg.The relationship between these two countries has eased.两国之间关系有所缓解。ill at ease 局促不安;不自在eg.I always feel ill at ease in a strange environment.我在陌生环境总觉不自在。4第4页map out vt.plan,arrange(详细)制订，策划,安排eg.1)We should map out an overall plan.我们应该制订全方面规划.2)She mapped out her time very well.她把时间安排得很好。initiate vt.To set going by taking the first step;begin 开始eg.initiate a new course of studies 开设一门新课程initiative n.首创精神，进取心;率先，开端took the initiative in trying to solve the problem开始着手试图处理这个问题5第5页3 Although official statistics has not yet been made available to indicate how large income gaps have become,the people in the street have tested enough of this inequality in their daily life.尽管官方统计数字还无法确定收入差距有多大，但普通百姓已感受到了他们在日常生活中差距。4 While a couple of restaurant owners in Shanghai have revealed that their monthly income has reached 100,000 yuan($11,900),630,000 residents in Hunan Province are struggling for a bare subsistence wage of 132 yuan($16)a month,according to the weekly magazine Outlook.依据瞭望周刊所载，上海一些餐馆老板认可，当他们月收入已经到达10万元（11900美元）时，湖南631 000名居民还在为每个月132元（16美元）仅能勉强糊口工资而奔走努力。subsistence wage n.维持最低生活水平工资6第6页bare adj.Just sufficient;mere 刚才充分；仅有eg.1)the bare necessities 最低必需品 2)A bare word would be enough.只要一句话就够了。3)All they had were the bare necessities of life.他们全部仅仅是生活必需品而已。barely adv.仅仅,刚才,几乎不能7第7页5Gone are the days when people who had 10,000 yuan($1,190)were dubbed upstarts.Nowadays,a person who has 100,000 yuan($11,900)is barely considered rich.有1万元（1900美元）收入就被冠为暴发户时代已经一去不复 返 了。当 今，一 个 人 有1 0万 元（11900美 元）才被认为是小富。6At the same time,around 10 million people across the country are living such a scanty life that they cant afford enough vegetables and fruit.同时，在全国大约有1千万人正过着贫困生活，他们没钱购置蔬菜和水果。8第8页dub vt.1.To honor with a new title or description;nickname授予新称号，把称为;起绰号eg.1)The king dubbed him a knight.国王封他为爵士。2)They dubbed him a traitor.他们叫他卖国贼。2.To insert a new soundtrack,often a synchronized translation of the original dialogue,into(a film)配音：在（电影）中插入一条新声道，普通是原对话同时翻译eg.1)a Swedish film dubbed into English 译成英语瑞典影片 2)dub foreign films 为外国影片配音upstartn.A person of humble origin who attains sudden wealth,power,or importance新贵，暴发户：一个出身低贱人突然取得财富，权力或主要位置9第9页scanty a.1.Barely sufficient or adequate不足：缺乏或不足eg.Crops are very scanty this year.今年庄稼歉收。2.Barely large enough 刚才够大eg.a scanty binini 刚才够大比基尼泳装10第10页7Although the disparity is inevitable when the country is in 8 the stage of transition from the planned economy to a market-9 oriented economy,it does not mean that such unequal distribution of wealth is acceptable or fair.当国家从计划经济向市场经济转化时，这种不平等是无法防止。不过，这并不是说，财富分配不均能够接收或者是公平。8 If the income gap keeps widening and finally develops to a polarisation,it will lead to deep resentment among the poor.A growing fear in the public is that chronic disaffection will trigger social disruption.假如这种收入差距不停加大，并最终发展成为两极分化，它将造成穷人产生极度不满情绪。令人越来越担心是这种长久不满情绪会造成社会分裂。disparity n.inequality不平等 disaffection n.dissatisfaction 不满disruption n.separating 分裂11第11页resentment n.Indignation or ill will felt as a result of a real or imagined grievance 愤恨eg.He felt resentment at the intrusion.他因受到干扰而十分恼火。resentful adj.eg.He was resentful at the way he had been treated.他对所受待遇感到忿恨。chronic adj.1.Of long duration;continuing长久;连续;慢性eg.chronic money problems 长久金钱困扰 a chronic alcoholic 长久酗酒酒徒 chronic unemployment 长久失业 a chronic disease 慢性病2.Subject to a habit or pattern of behavior for a long time 惯常eg.a chronic liar一贯说谎人 He is a chronic complainer.他这个人老是埋怨。12第12页trigger vt.To set off;initiate,cause 触发,引发eg.1)His action has triggered off a crisis.他行动已经引发一场危机。2)A spark triggered the explosion.一粒火星引发了这场爆炸。trigger-happy adj.乱开枪,好战13第13页研究表明，通常低收入人没有工作主动性，对生活感到厌倦。其次，一些人是靠非法伎俩谋取暴利而致富，这样会影响市场上公平竞争。他们自我放纵生活方式对社会价值观造成负面影响。为了缩小这种收入土差距，西方国家采取通常做法是，严格征收规定个人收入所得税。9Research has shown that low-income people usually have no 10 working initiative and feel sick about life.On the other hand,11 the rich who rise to fortune through illegal profiteering will 12 frustrate fair competition in the marketplace.And their self-13 indulgent life style has a negative effect on social values.To 14 narrow the income gap,the most common practice(exercised 15 in western countries)is to levy strictly regulated personal income tax.14第14页profiteer v.To make large profits esp.by taking advantage of times of difficulty or scarity,eg,in war 牟取暴利 eg.They profiteered enormously during the war.他们在战争时期大发不义之财。n.奸商frustrate vt.1.To prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire;thwart 妨碍,挫败eg.They made their preparations to frustrate the conspiracy.他们作好准备挫败这个阴谋。2.To cause feelings of discouragement or bafflement in 使气馁丧气eg.He was frustrated by repeated failures.他因一再失败而气馁丧气。15第15页indulgent a.Yielding to the desires and whims of,especially to an excessive degree;lenient 纵容;放纵;溺爱;迁就eg.She is indulgent to her grandchildren.她溺爱孙儿女。2.Tolerant,good-tempered宽容;宽大(+of/towards)eg.1)He is indulgent towards his pupils.他对学生很宽容。2)Mr.Green is indulgent of others shortcomings.格林先生对他人缺点总是宽大为怀。indulge v.纵容，放纵indulgence n.放任16第16页10 Unfortunately,this practice doesnt function well in China due to the fledgling financial and banking systems of the country,even though it has been pursued for about ten years,the weekly said.据周刊所载，不幸是，因为中国财政和金融系统尚不健全，尽管这种做法已经实施了，对于缩小差距作用依然不大。11 For instance,cash has been playing a major role in trade;therefore,it is difficult for the government to check out exact individual income levels.例如，由于交易主要使用现金，所以政府很难查清个人确切收入水平。fledgling adj.New and inexperienced年轻或无经验pursue vt.Go on with 继续做17第17页另一个被普遍尝试做法是，采取健全社会福利机制，改进 穷 人 生 活 水 平，这 些 办 法 普 通 包 含 住 房、养老金、医疗、教育及救助资金等方面。12 The other practice that has also been universally tried is to raise the standards of the poor by operating a sound social welfare mechanism which usually covers lodging,pension,medical care,education and relief funds.13 China has a similar but not so sound a system,which did indeed contribute much to increasing the real income of most Chinese in the pre-reform era.中国有一套类似但并不十分健全体制，这套体制在改革前为提升多数中国人实际收入做出了很大贡献。18第18页sound adj.1.Healthy;in good condition 健康;健全eg.She is sound in body and mind.她身心健康。2.完好;坚固eg.I bought this sound house for a song.我以低价买了这所完好无损房子。3.Based on valid reasoning合理,明智eg.1)I acted on her sound advice.我按她忠言去做了。2)He has a sound knowledge of science.他有良好科学知识。4.Thorough;complete 彻底;不折不扣eg.His father gave him a sound beating for making trouble.他父亲因他捣蛋而狠狠打了他一顿。adv.十分地,充分地;酣畅地eg.He was still sound asleep when I went in.我走进去时他还在酣睡。19第19页14 However,efforts seem to be inadequate in coming to the low income peoples rescue,especially in a period when reforms have resulted in some people losing their jobs.就低收入者救助而言，这些努力似乎还不够，尤其是在改革使一些人失去了工作这一段时期。15 In fact,a few cities in the country have started to hand out a sort of relief allowance to people who can barely maintain their subsistence.16 The practice,a supplement to the social security system,is designed mainly to cover two groups of people in the society.实际上，中国几座城市已经着手向那些几乎不能维持生活人发放救助补助。这种做法是对社会安全办法一个补充，它主要是对社会上两类人提供服务。20第20页17 The traditional group includes the disabled and retired without pensions.The second group consists of people displaced from enterprises(running in the red or going bankrupt).前一类包含没有养老金残疾人和退休人员。另一类包含从那些亏损或靠近破产企业下岗人员。displace vt.1.To discharge from an office or position撤换，把免职2.To take the place of替换eg.Television is displacing the movies.电视逐步取代了电影。in the red 亏损eg.Im$100 in the red this month.我这个月负债一百元。21第21页18 According to Doji Cering,Minister of Civil Affairs,both the institution of the relief allowance in some cities and minimum wages in some enterprises have proved successful in maintaining social stability and social justice.The government organs concerned are considering carrying out these measures nationwide.However,the key point of this issue is the central government is not able to serve as the sole source of the relief allowance.More channels are expected to be explored to raise more funds.据民政部部长多吉才让介绍，一些城市实施发放救助金制度和一些企业实施最低工资保障制度已成功地维持了社会稳定与社会公正。相关政府机构正在考虑在全国范围内推行这些办法。然而，问题关键是，中央政府无法成为发放救助补助惟 一 起 源。人 们 期 望 政 府 开 辟 更 多 渠道来筹集这些资金。22第22页19 In this regard,Shenyang,the capital city of Liaoning Province and also a pilot city of that system,is a good example.在这方面，辽宁省省会沈阳市，作为率先推行这一制度城市，为其它城市树立了一个好榜样.20 The relief allowance in Shenyang comes from diverse channels.Enterprises,assorted party and government organisations and government factories at all levels there are the three main sources for the relief allowance,a fund created at the city level.沈阳市发放救助金起源于各种渠道。企业、各级党政机关及 政 府 管 辖 工 厂 成 为 这 种 救 助 金 三 种 主 要 起 源。这是一个市级救助基金。23第23页pilot adj.Serving as a tentative model for future experiment or development试验性eg.1)a pilot project 试点项目 2)This year we are trying a pilot scheme.今年我们正在尝试一项小规模试验性计划。in line with in agreement with 与一致，与符合eg.1)His ideas arent in line with mine.他想法与我不一样。2)Your plan is in line with my ideas.你计划符合我想法。24第24页21 The funds raised in the financial sector are handled by the local bank.The individual government functionaries are expected to donate money through the so-called Warm Project.金融领域筹集资金由当地银行管理，政府公务员个人能够经过“温暖工程”捐款。22 Another key point in this matter is that the amount of relief money handed out should be in line with local economic conditions.另一个关键问题是发放救助补助数量多少应符合当地经济情况。25第25页23 If the ceiling of the fund is set too high,it is quite likely to become a financial burden to the donors.假如救助补助上限标准被定得过高，就会对捐助者造成一个负担。24 A danger of the system is that it could lead to attitudes of dependence,with people unwilling to look for work,even though they are quite capable of working.这种办法存在弊端，会使那些有能力工作，但不愿意找工作人产生一个依靠心理。26第26页25 It is,however,essential to establish a poverty level for individual income given the income inequalities present in China at this time.考虑到中国现阶段收入不均衡，不论怎样建立划分个人收入贫困水平机制都是绝对必要26 Relief allowance,whatever name,should be seen as a necessary part of the on-going reform of the social security system.救助补助，不论它以什么名义存在，都应被视为正在进行社会保障制度改革一个必要组成部分。27第27页given prep.假设，假使,假如有;假如;考虑eg.1)Given good weather,our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening.假如天气好，我们船将于星期一晚上抵达上海。2)Id come and see you in New York,given the chance.假如有机会,我就到纽约来看你。3)Given the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.假如照样再给他治疗一次,他必定会痊愈。28第28页29第29页