9种常见英语构词法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语构词法1.affixation 词缀法2.Compounding 合成法3.conversion 词性转换法4.Acronym 首字母缩略词5.clipping 剪切法 缩短法6.blending 混正当7.Onomatopoeia 拟声法8.borrowing words from other languages（外来语）9.adding new meaning into existing words （已经有词汇增加新词意）第1页1 affixation 词缀法是经过在词根上加前缀或者后缀组成一个新词。前缀普通只引发意思上改变而不造成词类改变，只有少数能引发词类改变。mis-+understand v.了解-misunderstand v.误解 en-+large adj.大-enlarge v.扩大 (Page 247:Appendix III)第2页后缀普通只引发词性上改变而不造成意思改变。humor n.幽默 -humorous adj.幽默real adj.真实-realize v.实现trend n.时尚，时尚-trendy adj.时尚特殊情况：help n.帮助 -helpless adj.无助duty n.关税 -dutyfree adj.免税1 affixation 词缀法第3页2 Compounding 合成法由两个或两个以上单词组成新单词n.+n.six-year-old greenhouse baby-sitter snowfallTheme park mail ordermother-tongue doorbellsister-in-law death penaltysunglasses mineral watersunflower credit cardbestman houseworkbridesmaid shoe shop第4页n.+adj=n./adjcolor-blind duty-freeworld-famous toothachen.+v-ing=n./adjproof-reading watch-makinghand-writting record-breakingearth shaking peace-loving n+v-ed=adjhand-made heart-broken 第5页adj.+n.=n.shorthand white-face（？）first-class high-speed long-distance quick-chargeadj.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.new-born good-looking deep-breathingfar-reaching cold-blooded left-handed adv.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.hard-woking fast-developing well-known newly-built 第6页v-ing.+n.=nsitting room dining car running waterworking people flying fishv.+n.=n.pickpocket(？)breakwater（放浪堤）workplacev.+adv.=n.get-together take-away(熟食)die-hard(死硬派)breakthrough workout 第7页3 conversion 词性转化法是指有一个词性转化为另一个词性。单词转化后意义往往与之前意义联络亲密.water n.水-water v.浇水hand n.手-hand in上交 v.telephone n.电话-telephone v.打电话look v.看-take a look n.empty adj.空-To empty the basket v.stop v.停顿-n.车站interest.waste.present.close.back.spareage.amount.damage.dawn.desert.cost.bare.last.lift.line.labour.hit.object.open.mean.stampmatch.place.sound.spring.spot.treasure.sense第8页4 Acronym(首字母缩略词)CAD;VIP;WHO;BBC;OPEC;AIDS;CIA;CEO;NPC;FBIcomputer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 very important person 主要人；贵宾world health organization 世界卫生组织British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播企业Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 爱滋病；取得性免疫功效丧失综合症Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Chief Executive Officer（企业等）总经理，总裁National Peoples Congress（中国）全国人民代表大会Federal Bureau of Investigation （美国）联邦调查局第9页5 Clipping 剪切法从某个词完整形式中截取一个或更多音节Lab-laboratory 图书馆auto-automobile 汽车Gas-gasoline 汽油Copter-helicopter 直升飞机Scope-telescope 望远镜Flu-influenza 流感fridge-refrigerator 冰箱ad-advertisement 广告phone-telephone 电话第10页6 Blending 混正当Comsat=communication+satellite 通讯卫星Smog=smoke+fog 烟雾motel=motor+hotel brunch=breakfast+lunch 第11页7.Onomatopoeia 拟声法Onomatopoeia,nmtpi:拟声法拟声词（echo words）：发音与其所指之间存在很多自然相同关系。cuckoo；mew；ding-dong；click;quack；hiss杜鹃；猫；门铃；键盘、门锁；鸭子；蛇Echo-words(拟声词)are universal features in any language.第12页8 Borrowing words from other languages 外来语来自汉语：jiaozi 饺子Stinky tofu 臭豆腐 Pinyin 拼音 paper tiger 纸老虎 kungfu 功夫Confucius 孔子来自日语：bengto 便当judo 柔道karaoke 卡拉OKkimono 和服sushi 寿司tsunami 海啸tatami 榻榻米来自印第安语：canoe 独木舟Eskimo 爱斯基摩人hurricane 飓风来自法语：salon 沙龙 sl:n resume 简历rzu:mnaive 天真nai:vsouvenir 纪念品su:vnrfiance 未婚夫fi:nse第13页 9 Adding new meaning into existing words已经有词汇赋予新词义Break(霹雳舞)mouse(鼠标)dove(主和派人物)hawk(主战派人物)country(乡村音乐)beehive(女子蜂窝式发式),bread(美俚,钱)apple-pie(经典美国价值观)conference call(电话会议)第14页