暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2014年暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语考研真题及详解2015年暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语考研真题及详解2016年暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语考研真题及详解2017年暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语考研真题及详解2018年暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语考研真题及详解2019年暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语考研真题及详解2014年暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语考研真题及详解一、填空题（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Fill in blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs.1.You cant just dig a hole,plant the tree,and let it go _ that.at【答案】let it go at that为固定搭配，意为“就此罢休”。句意：你不能就挖个洞，把树栽进去然后就不管了。【解析】2.The deer suddenly pricked_ its ears and leapt to its feet.up【答案】prick up ears意为“竖起耳朵”。句意：那只鹿突然竖起耳朵，跳了起来。【解析】3.The total expense added _ to about 5000 dollars.up【答案】add up to意为“合计达”。句意：总花销合计达5000元左右。【解析】4.The mountain air obviously agreed _me.All my aches and painswere gone.with【答案】agree with sb意为“适合某人（的健康或者胃口）”。根据句子后半部分“我所有的疼痛都消失了”可知山顶的空气应该是很适合我的。【解析】5.Well set out an hour earlier to allow _ possible traffic jams.for【答案】allow for意为“考虑到”。句意：考虑到交通可能会堵塞，我们会提前一个小时出发。【解析】6.You are not alone,well back you _.up【答案】back sb up意为“支持某人”。句意：你并不是一个人，我们会支持你的。【解析】7.We need you.You cant back out now.We must stick _ it togetheruntil its finished.to【答案】stick to坚持。句意：我们需要你，你不能现在离开，我们必须一起坚持直到事情完成。【解析】8.His theory,the theory that was once condemned,has now been borne_ by facts.out【答案】be borne out被证实。句意：他的理论，曾经一度被谴责，现在被事实证明是正确的。【解析】9.That day we received the order to repair the bridge that had been blown_ the previous night by the enemy.up【答案】blow up爆炸。句意：那天我们收到一条命令，要我们去修几天前的晚上被敌人炸毁的桥。【解析】10.You can always count _ her.She is very reliable.on【答案】由句子后半部分“她很可靠”，可知此处应是指“你可以依靠她”。count on依靠。【解析】二、选择题（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Which of the words listed is the most likely answer to the followingsentences.1.They had to leave quietly _ be seen by the plainclothes menA.as so not toB.so as not toC.not so as toD.so not as toB【答案】so as not to do sth以便不做某事。没有A、C和D项的搭配。句意：他们不得不悄悄离开以免被便衣警察们发现。【解析】2.If you had done as I told you to do this _.A.should have not happenedB.did not happenC.would not have happenedD.had not happenedC【答案】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你按照我说的去做了，这件事情本不会发生。因为事情已经发生了，所以排除非虚拟语气的B、D两项。虚拟语气构成时，not应该放在have done之前，因此A项也不正确。【解析】3._ the road,and you will come to the post office.A.If you were to turn offB.Turn offC.Turning offD.Having turned offB【答案】考查祈使句。第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句以动词原形开头。句意：沿这条路拐弯，你就会到邮局。【解析】4._ your own private feelings may be,its best to take his advice.A.WhateverB.WhatC.HoweverD.HowA【答案】句意：无论你的私人感情是什么，最好采取他的意见。B、D两项不表示让步，因此排除。however在句中作状语。whatever在句中作宾语。而该句缺少宾语。因此此题应选A。【解析】5.Only then did he _ the situation he and his fellow soldiers were in.A.aware ofB.awareC.become aware ofD.become awareC【答案】句意：只有到了那个时候，他才意识到他和他的士兵们现在的情况。be aware of为固定搭配，意为“认识到，意识到”。B、D两项缺少介词of。A项缺少系动词，因此排除。正确答案为C。【解析】6.According to a medical report,_75 percent of the current violentcrime is drug-related.A.so many asB.as many asC.so much asD.as much asD【答案】中心词是crime，是不可数名词，应用much修饰。因此排除A、B两项。as much as意为“差不多，多达”。so much as多用于否定句，与not连用表示“甚至不，甚至都没有”。句意：根据一份医学报告，差不多有75%的暴力犯罪与毒品有关。【解析】7.I dont regret _ her what I thought of her husband,even though itmight have upset her.A.tellingB.to tellC.that I will tellD.to have to tellA【答案】regret doing sth后悔做某事。regret to do sth很遗憾要做某事。根据句子后半部分“即使这可能让她伤心了”可知我应该是已经告诉她了。因此B、C、D项均可排除。【解析】8 The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on _ time.A.wasteB.to wasteC.wastingD.wastedC【答案】go on to do sth接着做另一件事。go on doing sth继续做同一件事。因为句子始终提到的只有“浪费时间”这一件事，因此可知应该选用“go on doing sth”这一词组。句意：你浪费时间浪费的越多，你越是容易继续浪费时间。【解析】9._ two hours daily made considerable difference to my physicalcondition.A.WalkingB.To walkC.I walkedD.Having walkedA【答案】句子缺少主语，因此用动名词作主语。因此排除B、C两项。D项为现在完成时，但“走两个小时对我的身体大有好处”这一件事应该是一般情况下的事情，因此不必用现在完成时。因此正确答案为A。【解析】10.It wont be long _ China launches her space shuttle with men in it.A.whenB.untilC.beforeD.afterC【答案】not be long before为固定搭配，表示“在某事发生之前不会过很久”。句意：不用多久，中国就会发射自己的载人航天飞机。【解析】三、翻译题（每小题5分，共20分）Translate the following into Chinese.1.If you are a patient who is fed up with pills and injections,you can trytaking up learning to alleviate your condition.Many inspirational stories haveconfirmed that learning can benefit a patients physical and mental well-being.Once a patient gets involved in some kind of learning,he will dwellless on his disease and be less depressed.He tends to be more active in life,more confident and optimistic about his future,and thus stands a betterchance of recovering.【参考译文】如果你是一个厌倦了打针吃药的病人，你可以尝试通过学习来缓解病情。很多令人鼓舞的故事已经证实，学习有利于病人的身心健康。当病人参加某种学习活动时，他不再老想着自己的病，不再消沉，他在生活中往往会变得更加活跃，对未来更有信心，更为乐观，因此也更有希望康复。2.Switzerland is a small country situated in the centre of Europe.In spite ofits size,it is undoubtedly one of the most affluent countries in the world.Itowns much of its prosperity to its distinctive natural scenery.The spectacularAlps extend from east to west,which qualifies Switzerland as one of the bestski resorts in the world.Every year,hundreds and thousands of tourists comefrom all over the world to appreciate its beautiful landscape and bring withthem abundant wealth.【参考译文】瑞士是位于欧洲中部的一个小国家，面积虽小，却无疑是世界上最富裕的国家之一。瑞士的富裕在很大程度上归功于他独特的自然风光。壮观的阿尔卑斯山脉自东向西横贯该国，使得瑞士成为世界上最好的滑雪圣地之一。每年，成千上万的旅游者来到这里欣赏它的美景，也给瑞士带来滚滚财富。3.People used to think environment protection was secondary to economicdevelopment.In order to develop agriculture and industry,many tropicalforests were cut down to make room for farm lands,and supreme grasslandswere damaged in search for mines.Water and air pollution has transformedthe earth dramatically.Nowhere in the world is exempt from its impact.Faced with all these,people have finally realized the importance ofsustainable development,which means striking a balance between economicdevelopment and environment protections.【参考译文】人们曾经认为和发展经济相比，环境保护是次要的。为了发展工业和农业，大片的森林被砍伐，来腾出空地作农田。为了开矿，优良的草场遭到破坏。而水和大气污染则使整个地球的面貌发生了巨大的改变。世界上没有一个角落能够幸免。面对这一切，人们终于认识到可持续发展的重要性，即经济发展和环境保护必须保持平衡。4.Fire,along with floods and earthquakes,is considered a serious naturaldisaster.Fires not only burn houses to ashes,but also pose a big threat to thelife of human beings.Each year,there are many outbreaks of fire in theworld,some are started by arsonists while others are simply caused by a stillburning cigarette end.The best way to prevent fires from happening is topublicize fire-prevention knowledge and education.【参考译文】火灾、洪水和地震被认为是严重的自然灾害。火灾不仅使房子燃烧成灰烬，而且对人的生命造成很大的威胁。世界上每年都有很多火灾发生，有些是由纵火犯发动的，有些则是由一个小小的仍然燃烧的烟头造成的。预防火灾的最好办法是宣传防火知识和教育。四、翻译题（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）Translate the following into English.1.她当时处境十分困难。她既无法忍受他，又不能离开他。She was then in a terrible fix.She could neither bear him nor leavehim.【答案】2.这些花花绿绿的衣服是为非洲市场制作的。These colorful clothes are intended for the African market.【答案】3.为了住得接近大自然，越来越多的城市居民在搬往郊区。To live close to nature,more and more citizens are moving tosuburbs.【答案】4.正如一句中国俗话所说，他们这是搬起石头砸自己的脚。As a Chinese saying goes,they lifted a rock only to drop it on theirown feet.【答案】5.我当时很想批驳他的观点，但我克制住了，因为我觉得这个场合不太合适。I really wanted to refute his arguments at that time,but I checked【答案】myself because I thought it was not the right occasion.五、阅读理解题（20分）Reading comprehensionDirections:In this part,there is a short passage with five questions orincomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer thequestions.The bees kneesThe bee is one of the worlds busiest creatures:no wonder that in English wehave expressions like“as busy as a bee”and“hes the bees knees”(meaning“he is a very impressive person”).Bees not only collect honey,they makewax for their hives(and for us to use as furniture-polish),they also pollinatethe plants they visit,and are therefore indispensable to farmers.Now a group of scientists at Cornell University in New York State havedesigned a new way to use bees.The group,led by Joseph Kovach,reports inthe current issue of Biological Control how it has created and patented a bee“footbath”that uses the insects for pest-control.Strawberries,along with many other soft fruits,suffer from grey mould,atroublesome disease that causes fruit to rot.Although the fungus mainlydamages the fruit,infection actually starts in the flowers.One effectivetreatment is to spray these flowers with another fungus,Try chodermaharzanium T1295-22.This eliminates the grey mould before the berries form,but causes no harm to them.Dr.Kovachs system works by putting the Trychoderma into a speciallydesigned tray that is fixed to the entrance to a hive.The tray can be as easilymoved and replaced as the tray of a photocopier.The bees pick up theTrychoderma on their legs as they walk out of the hive onto the tray,anddeposit it on the flowers they visit as they search for honey.The researchers say that bee-delivery is nearly twice as effective as spraying,and uses a fraction of the Trychoderma,because the insects deliver it directlyto the flowers rather than wasting them on other parts of the plant.Thismeans that bee-delivered Trychoderma offers as much protection asconventional spraying methods.An added bonus is that simply adding abeehive to a strawberry field improves yields by 2030%because of betterpollination,Dr.Kovach has high hopes of extending the use of his system toother fruit.Bee-lovers need not worry:the actual increased pay-load carried by the beesis very small,and Trychoderma in no way damages their health.Honeylovers need not worry,either:Trychoderma is found naturally in strawberryflowers.In any case,the honey produced during strawberry bloom time iseaten by the bees themselves,the stuff harvested for human consumption ismade much later in the year.The system does have a couple of drawbacks.Bees only fly about in goodweather,so if you crop blooms on a rainy day,too bad.And bees areunpredictable:although they can be trained to feed on a particular crop,ifthey find a sweeter,more attractive flower nearby,they may be tempted awayand your fruit may suffer.A good idea,then,but clearly not the bee all andend all.1.Why are bees indispensable to farmers?2.What kind of treatment strawberry farmers use to eliminates the greymould?3.What is Dr.Kovachs new system?4.What benefits can farmers get from Dr.Kovachs system?5.What kind of problem does the new system has not been solved?【答案与解析】1.Because they collect honey,make wax for their hives and pollinate theplants they visit.（由第一段最后一句“Bees not only collect honey,they make wax for theirhives(and for us to use as furniture-polish)they also pollinate the plants theyvisit,and are therefore indispensable to farmers”可知由于蜜蜂不仅采蜜，还给巢打蜡，给植物授花粉，因此对农民来说不可或缺。）2.To spray these flowers with another fungus,try choderma harzaniumT1295-22.（由第三段最后一句“One effective treatment is to spray these flowers withanother fungus,Try choderma harzanium T1295-22”可知为了防止灰霉，农民们给花朵喷洒了另一种名叫“choderma harzanium T1295-22”的真菌。）3.Put the Trychoderma into a specially designed tray that is fixed to theentrance to a hive.（由第四段第一句“Put the Trychoderma into a specially designed tray that isfixed to the entrance to a hive”可知Dr.Kovach的新系统就是把胰岛素放入一个专门设计的托盘，固定在蜂房的入口处。）4.The efficiency got twice higher.（由第五段第一句“bee-delivery is nearly twice as effective as spraying”可知这种靠蜜蜂运输的新系统比传统的喷洒提高了两倍的效率。）5.It is strained by the weather and bees are unpredictable.（由最后一段可知，蜜蜂只在好天气时才出来，而雨天则不会出来授粉，而且蜜蜂不稳定，如果遇到了对它们来说更有诱惑的含糖的物品，它们会飞到那里去。因此可知天气还有蜜蜂的不稳定性是限制这个系统发展的原因。）六、写作题（20分）Write a composition on the subject Climatic conditions in my part of China.You should write at least 200 words,and you should base your compositionon the outline below.Climatic conditions in my part of China.1.Problems caused by the weather.2.Measures taken to reduce the problems.【参考范文】I live in a city which is located in the south of ChinaShanghai.The climateof Shanghai can be divided into four seasons,and each of them has its ownbeauties and problems.As a city lying in the southern part of China,Shanghai is usually very hot.In spring,the weather is changeable.Sometimes its very cold,andsometimes its warm.It is easy for people to get cold in this kind of weatherso we have to rely on the air conditioner and do more exercise to protect ourhealth.In summer,it becomes hotter and hotter.The highest temperature isover 40.Therefore,we try our best to keep cool,like wear clothes withshort sleeves,drink cold drinks and eat ice cream.Air conditioner hasbecome a family member of us whom we cannot live apart from.The autumnin Shanghai is very nice.Its neither cold nor hot.And the winter in Shanghaiisnt very cold.But at the same time,it seldom snows.While most of us lookforward to a white Christmas.We dont have to take many measures to fight against the weather in thewhole year,but its a difficult thing to handle with spring and summer,whilein winter,we expect it to be colder so that we may have snow fall.【范文点评】本文主要讲述了上海的四季以及对应的问题和解决方法。文章第一段先总而概之上海的四季，其后一一说明其特点所带来的问题以及对应解决措施，最后一段总结全文。2015年暨南大学外国语学院241基础英语考研真题及详解Part Cloze（10 points）Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blankthere are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.In many ways,the history of women and men in higher education is thehistory of the education of White men,and 1_ only those of substantialmeans.Since the mid-19th century women and people of color have becomeplayers in the higher education arena through coeducation and 2_ andthrough the development of separate institutions.3_ in the United States began in 1636 with the founding of Harvard,which 4_ the English university of Oxford and Cambridge.In the yearsafter the Revolutionary War,5_ states primarily in the Southestablished 6_ colleges,moving toward non-sectarianism.Theforerunner of womens higher education was also 7_ during this period8_ of the Young Ladies Academy in Philadelphia;and EmmaWillards female seminary in Troy,New York.The years 9_ 1790 and 1850,characterized by the Enlightenment andthe second Great Awakening,10_the foundation for the 11_ ofwomens higher education in the United States through the reform impetusfrom these 12_ ideologies.These two movements combined to make astrong case 13_ womens education.During this period the 14_normal schools appeared.15_ teaching is often associated with womenand 16_ one of the first professions women entered and eventuallydominated,the development of normal schools and the roles 17_ bywomen in them is complicated.Women often taught at the elementary orsecondary level 18_ what would currently be considered a collegedegree.The earliest normal schools 19_ single-sex institutionsconsidered part of a secondary school to distinct institutions to an academictrack within 20_ university.1.A.beginningB.at the firstC.initiallyD.normally2.A.integrationB.independenceC.participationD.function3.A.Elementary educationB.Secondary educationC.Higher educationD.Postgraduate education4.A.is based onB.was modeled onC.would be due toD.resulted in5.A.the number ofB.a number ofC.the numbers ofD.a lot of number6.A.itsB.ownC.whose ownD.their own7.A.sets upB.foundC.establishedD.had built8.A.because the foundationB.for the reason thatC.since the resultD.with the creation9.A.betweenB.amongC.duringD.in10.A.layB.lieC.laidD.lying11.A.revolutionB.evolutionC.realizationD.organization12.A.prevailingB.previewingC.producingD.pr