东北师范大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf
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1、目录2010年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语或句子译成汉语(15分)1lifetime achievement【答案】终身成就2lyric poem【答案】抒情诗3compulsive read
2、er【答案】乐于读书的人4hardback【答案】精装本5Centennial Nobel Peace Prize【答案】诺贝尔百年和平奖6apartheid【答案】南非种族隔离政策7archways of triumph【答案】凯旋门8UNICEF【答案】联合国儿童基金会(United Nations International Children sEmergency Fund)9World Food Program【答案】联合国世界粮食计划署10Dr.Henry Kissinger【答案】美国前国家安全顾问基辛格11to live up to its obligations【答案】履行义务
3、12preliminary meeting【答案】筹备会议13panel discussion【答案】小组讨论14courtesy visit【答案】礼节性访问15Notre Dame in Paris【答案】巴黎圣母院二、将下列短语或句子译成英语(15分)1简明扼要【答案】be concise and to the point2博大精深【答案】broad and profound3儒家【答案】Confucianism4诸子百家【答案】Hundred Schools of Thought5天下兴亡,匹夫有责【答案】Every man has a duty to his country.6民为邦
4、本【答案】The people are the foundation of the state.7民贵君轻【答案】The people are more important than the ruler.8温饱【答案】subsistence9小康【答案】moderate prosperity10阁下【答案】Your Excellency11作为贵国人民的友好使者【答案】as an envoy of friendship of your people12提议祝酒【答案】propose a toast13“走出去”战略【答案】going-out strategy14应运而生【答案】emerge a
5、s the times require15弘扬中国文化【答案】popularize Chinese culture三、将下列短文译成汉语(60分)PASSAGE AEating 30 Percent Less Meat Good for Health,PlanetCutting meat production and consumption by 30 percent would help toreduce carbon emissions and improve health in the most meat-loving nations,scientists said on Wednesd
6、ay.Using prediction models,British and Australian researchers found thatimproving efficiency,increasing carbon capture and reducing fossil fueldependence in farming would not be enough to meet emissions targets.But combining these steps with a 30 percent reduction in livestock productionin major mea
7、t-producing nations and a similar cut in meat-eating,would leadto“substantial population health benefits”and cut emissions,they said.The study found that in Britain,a 30 percent lower intake of animal-sourcesaturated fat by adults would reduce the number of premature deaths fromheart disease by some
8、 17 percent equivalent to 18,000 premature deathsaverted in one year.(141 words)【参考译文】科学家于本周三称,如果将最爱食肉国家的肉类生产和消费量减少30%,那么将有助于减少碳排放和改善人们健康。英国和澳大利亚的研究人员通过使用预测模型进行研究后发现,仅靠提高能源使用率、增加碳收集以及降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖还不足以实现减排目标。但研究人员称,如果在此基础上将肉类主要生产国的家畜产量和肉类消费分别降低30%,则可“极大增进人们的健康”,同时减少碳排放。研究发现,在英国,如果成年人摄入的动物饱和脂肪量减少30%,那么
9、因心脏病而早逝的病例数可减少17%,相当于一年避免1.8万例早死病例。PASSAGE BUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(CISG)The States Parties to this Convention,Bearing in mind the broad objectives in the resolutions adopted by the sixthspecial session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
10、on theestablishment of a New International Economic Order.Considering that thedevelopment of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefitis an important element in promoting friendly relations among States.Beingof the opinion that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contrac
11、ts forthe international sale of goods and take into account the different social,economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriersin international trade and promote the development of international trade.【参考译文】联合国国际货物买卖合同公约本公约各缔约国:铭记联合国大会第六届特别会议通过的关于建立新的国际经济秩序的各项决议的广泛目标,考虑
12、到在平等互利基础上发展国际贸易是促进各国间友好关系的一个重要因素,认为采用照顾到不同的社会、经济和法律制度的国际货物销售合同统一规则,将有助于减少国际贸易的法律障碍,促进国际贸易的发展。四、将下列短文译成英语(60分)PASSAGE A吉林省位于中国东北地区的中部,亦是东北亚地区的腹地。全省幅员面积为19.1万平方公里,辖8个市和1个自治州,人口2716万。共拥有耕地554万公顷,林地805万公顷。吉林省西部拥有广袤无限的草原和农田。湿地、沼泽、水库等遍布其中,具有发展优质畜牧业、杂粮杂豆和开发水产业的良好生态条件,也是油料、糖料和细毛羊商品生产基地。(157字)【参考译文】Located i
13、n the central part of northeast China,Jilin Province is hinterland ofNortheast Asia as well.It has an area of 191,000 square kilometers,coveringeight municipalities and one autonomous prefecture with a population of27.16 million.It has 5.54 million ha of arable land and 8.05 million ha offorests.In
14、the west of Jilin Province has vast boundless grassland andfarmland,in which are a lot of wetland,swamp and reservoirs.Therefore,ithas a fairly good ecological environment to develop high-quality animalhusbandry,plant grains with beans and start aquaculture.Its also theproduction base of oil,sugar a
15、nd fine wool.PASSAGE B鱼,我所欲也;熊掌,亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生,亦我所欲也;义,亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼,舍生而取义者也。(60字)(选自孟子告子上鱼我所欲也)【参考译文】Mencius said:“Fish is what I would like to eat;bears paw is also what Iwould like to eat too.If I cant have the two,I will give up the fish and takethe bears paw.Life is what I need and just
16、ice is also what I need,if I cantget the both,I will insist justice instead of my life.”2011年东北师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1.IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织2.NASDAQ【答案】纳斯达克3star-related hotel【答案】星际酒店4World Natural Heritages site【答案】世界自然遗产地5capital flight【答案】资金外流6the UN charter【答案】联合国宪章7environmental-friendly agr
17、iculture【答案】生态农业8a land of milk and honey【答案】鱼米之乡9current account【答案】活期存款账户10special envoy【答案】特使11a suicide bomber【答案】自杀性炸弹袭击者12a plastic surgery hospital【答案】整形医院13nonverbal communication【答案】非言语交际14secondary and higher vocational education【答案】高等职业教育15Carrying Capacity of Environment【答案】环境负荷二、将下列短语译成
18、英语1经典旅游线路【答案】recommendation of classic tour itineraries2公证人【答案】notary public3绿色观光【答案】Green Tourism4国民生产总值【答案】Gross National Product5汇率【答案】exchange rate6君主立宪制【答案】constitutional monarchy7花样游泳【答案】synchronized swimming8消费价格指数【答案】consumer price index9弹性工资【答案】flexible pay10民间外交【答案】people-to-people diploma
19、cy11外交豁免权【答案】diplomatic immunity12反恐【答案】anti-terrorist13垃圾食品【答案】junk food14道家学说【答案】Taoism15电动汽车【答案】electric car三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually,arriveat the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts,hisses andcries and mus
20、t have been a very simple affair in the beginning.However,when we observe the language behavior of what we regard as primitivecultures,we find it surprisingly complicated.It was believed that an Eskimomust have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words soas to get along reasona
21、ble well,much larger than the active vocabulary of anaverage businessman who speaks English.Moreover,these Eskimo words arefar more highly inflected than those of any of the well-known Europeanlanguages,for a single noun can be spoken or written in some hundreddifferent forms,each having a precise m
22、eaning different from that of anyother.The forms of the verbs are even more multiple.The Eskimo languageis,therefore,one of the most difficult in the world to learn,with the resultthat almost no traders or explorers have even tried to learn it.Consequently,there has grown up,in communication between
23、 Eskimos and whites,a jargonsimilar to the pidgin English used in Old China,with a vocabulary of from300 to 600 uninflected words.Most of them are derived from Eskimo butsome are derived from English,Danish,Spanish,Hawaiian and otherlanguages.It is this jargon that is usually referred to by traveler
24、s as theEskimo language.【参考译文】第一次考虑语言起源问题的人们往往会得出这样的结论,即语言是从人们的咕哝、喊叫逐渐发展起来的,并且开始肯定是很简单的。然而,当我们观察原始文化的语言行为时,却是惊人地复杂。据说爱斯基摩人必须掌握10000个单词以便很好地交流,远远要比一个说英语的商人所掌握的词汇量多得多。而且,这些爱斯基摩单词远比欧洲任何语种都要有影响力,因为爱斯基摩的一个简单的单词就可以被书写成几百种不同的形式,每种形式还都有一个不同于其他形式的明确意义。动词的形式就更多了。所以毫无疑问,世界上最难学的语言爱斯基摩语就几乎没有商人或是探索者想去尝试学习了。因此,在爱斯
25、基摩人和白种人的交流中,类似于原来中国用的洋泾浜语的习语就应运而生了,其中大概有300到600个不受外界影响的单词。这些词汇大部分来源于爱斯基摩语,但是也有些来自英语、丹麦语、西班牙语、夏威夷语和其他语言。这种行话是供旅游者们作为爱斯基摩语使用的。PASSAGE 2What the title mentioned above would be a piece of cake for the eldergenerations,but now caused a strong public concern among the couples bornin the 1980s and 1990s.Th
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