主谓一致用法总结.doc

主谓一致用法总结
I. 主谓一致定义
II. 谓语受主语支配，和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。
III. 例: My favorite food is noodles.
II. 主谓一致的重要原则
• 语法原则
• 意义原则
• 就近一致
（一）语法一致
IV. 顾名思义，即谓语在语法角度上与主语保持一致，不考虑主语的意义。
V. 以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。例如：
注意：不定式及动名词作主语时，谓语
动词单数。E.g.
2) 由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
　　Both you and he are right.
　　Mr. and Mrs. Brown have a son called Tom.

　　　　但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
　　The poet and writer has written lots of books.
　　The poet and the writer have come.

　　可通过名词前定冠词来判断。
3) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

　　Now every man and every woman has the right to receive education.
4) 主语后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，together with 等介词短语时，谓语动词仍用与主语（即前面的词语）保持一致。例如：

The teacher with his students is going to have a picnic in the park.
The students with the teacher are going to have a picnic in the park.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
5) 集合名词作主语谓语动词要用复数。
如people, police, cattle, clothes等。

集合名词指可用来指称一群对象的词语，这些对象可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。
常见集合名词：people, police, cattle, goods, clothes等。
e.g. The police are looking for him.
• 有些集合名词如class, team, group, family 根据其表达意义不同，单复数用法也不同。

　　当表示整体概念时，用单数；表示整体中的人员时，用复数。
e.g.
Our family is a big one. 我有个大家庭。
Our family watch TV together every evening.我们家人每晚一起看电视。
6)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。例如：
　Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
　但如果这类名词前用了a pair of, 谓语动词的单复数形式则取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
　My new pair of socks is very expensive.
练习 I
(一) 选择最佳答案。
1.E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ very　important in our daily life.
　A. is B. have C. are D. has

2.My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____
　blue.
A. are; are　　　　　　B. are; is
C. is; is　　　　　　　D. is; are
3.Nobody but Jane _______ the secret.
　A. know　　　　　B. knows
　C. have known　　D. is known

4.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.
　A. is B. was　C. are　D. were
二) 填空
1.The family is a very happy one. (be)
2.The football team are having a bath. (be)
3.The police were searching for the murderer last night. (be)
4.Few libraries are as modern as Beijing Library. (be)
5.The pair of glasses with a metal frame
is beautiful but expensive. (be)
6.Both rice and cotton grow here. (grow)
(二) 意义一致
谓语在语言意义上与主语保持一致，不考虑主语的单复数语法形式。
(1) 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作
主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数。例如：

　　Ten years is a long time.
　　Two hundred dollars is too much for him.
2) 由all, most, more, some, any, none, the rest及分数或百分数“ +of+名词”作主语时，谓语要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语用复数：名词是单数，谓语用单数。例如：
　All of the work has been finished.
　All of the people are friendly to me.
　Half of the doctors here are women.
　Three–fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
3)以“定冠词+形容词”作主语如果指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
　The dead is a famous person.
练习 II
1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
　A. have B. has C. is D. are

2.Most of the houses _______ this year.
A. has built B. have built
C. has been built D. have been built
1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
　A. have B. has C. is D. are

2.Most of the houses _______ this year.
　A. has built B. have built
　C. has been built D. have been built
3._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
　A. Two fifth; is　　 B. Two fifth; are
　C. Two fifths; is　　D. Two fifths; are

4.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south.The rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.
　A. are/is　 B. are/are　
C. is/are D. is/is
3._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
　A. Two fifth; is　　 B. Two fifth; are
　C. Two fifths; is　　D. Two fifths; are

4.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south. The rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.
　A. are/is　 B. are/are　
C. is/are D. is/is
三)就近一致
(1) 即谓语的单复数由距离其最近的句子成分来决定。
1 通常遵循就近原则的词或词组有：or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also。

例：
　Either you or I am right.
　Neither my sister nor my brothers like the movie.
2) There be 句型使用就近原则。

• There are seven dwarfs and a beautiful lady living in the forest.

VI. There has been a year and seven days since he left.
(一) 选出最佳答案
1. Not only his parents but also his brother ______d__ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been B. have gone
C. has been D. has gone

2.Neither my father __a______ going to see the patient.
A. nor I am B. nor I are
C. or me are D. or me is
3. ____d__ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.
A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also
　C. Both; and 　　　D. A and B

4. ___d____ of them has his own opinion.
A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each

5.Nobody but two students ____a__ left in the classroom.
A. is　　　B. are　　C. has　　　D. have
6.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.
A. has finished B. has been finished
　C. have finished D. have been finished
7. Many people say 10,000 _______ a lot of money.
A. dollar is B. dollars are
　C. dollars is D. dollar are
8.The police _______soon.
A. is coming B. are coming
　C. has come D. have come
6.Three-fourths of the homework _b_____today.
A. has finished B. has been finished
　C. have finished D. have been finished
7. Many people say 10,000 ___c____ a lot of money.
A. dollar is B. dollars are
　C. dollars is D. dollar are
8.The police _____b__soon.
A. is coming B. are coming
　C. has come D. have come
9.-When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?
-I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.
A. Both; and B. Either; or
C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also

10. Everyone except Tom and John _____ there
when the meeting began.
A. is B. was C. are 　　D. were
9.-When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?
-I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.
A. Both; and B. Either; or
C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also

10. Everyone except Tom and John _____ there
　　when the meeting began.
A. is B. was C. are 　　D. were
11. Most of the houses _______ this year.
A. has built B. have built
C. has been built 　　D. have been built

12. There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
VII.