同位语从句详细讲解.ppt

同位语从句详细讲解Read the following sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts.1 Their friend,Danny Lin,was waiting at the airport.2 Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.3 He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.4The news that they had won the basketball game soon spread the whole school当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，一个句子成分当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者叫做后者的同位语。可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者叫做后者的同位语。作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词的具体内容。之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词的具体内容。What kind of noun clauses are they1.What it was to become was a mystery.2.I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句Find out the appositive clause from the reading text.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days,but they forget the fact that Canada is 5500 kilometres from coast to coast.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.that 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句(1)The news that our team won the first prize excited all of us.我们队得了第一名，这消息使我们都很兴奋。我们队得了第一名，这消息使我们都很兴奋。(2)The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.(3)Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.如果同位语从句意义完整应用如果同位语从句意义完整应用that引导同位语引导同位语从句，从句，that 在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何具体意思，一般不省略。具体意思，一般不省略。1.I have no idea when he will come back.2.The question who should go abroad required consideration.3.He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.4.I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.除除 that外，外，其余连词在从句中都具其余连词在从句中都具有各自的意义或成分。有各自的意义或成分。if 不可以引导不可以引导同位语从句。同位语从句。注意啦！注意啦！!大家注意啦！同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句与定语从句区别:（1 1）定语从句是定语从句是从句对其先行词或从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的前面整个句子的修饰或限制修饰或限制,属于形容属于形容词性从句的范畴词性从句的范畴;而而同位语从句同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名是从句对前面抽象名词的词的进一步的说明和解释进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性属于名词性从句的范畴，如从句的范畴，如:The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句同位语从句,补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什么消到底是一个什么消息息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句限制或修饰定语从句限制或修饰news,说明到底是哪个说明到底是哪个news.)辨辨析：析：(2)从引导词来看 引导词引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；不可省略；that在在定语从句中是关系代词，除了起连接作用，它定语从句中是关系代词，除了起连接作用，它在从句中充当一定成分在从句中充当一定成分主语或宾语，作宾主语或宾语，作宾语时还可以省略。语时还可以省略。The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.（factory在从句中作在从句中作visited的宾的宾语语,也就是说也就是说that 指代指代factory在从句中作宾语，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）可以省略）The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.（that 只起连接作用，不做成分，一般不可以只起连接作用，不做成分，一般不可以省略省略)（3）当）当when,where,why和和how引导同位语从句时为引导同位语从句时为连接副词，虽在句中充当成分，但前面没有与其意义连接副词，虽在句中充当成分，但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词。而在定语从句中它们为关系副词，在相当的先行词。而在定语从句中它们为关系副词，在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因及方式意义的先其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因及方式意义的先行词。例如：行词。例如：He will never forget the days when he lived with his grandparents.他永远不会忘记和祖父母一起生活的日子他永远不会忘记和祖父母一起生活的日子He has no idea when the meeting will be held.他不知道会议将何时举行他不知道会议将何时举行定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句（4）同位语从句的先行词极为有限，多为抽同位语从句的先行词极为有限，多为抽象名词，如象名词，如fact,idea,reason,thought,order,doubt,news,hope,truth,belief,suggestion,advice,view,promise,request,proposal提议提议/建议建议,demand,question(5)同位语从句的简易判断方法同位语从句的简易判断方法 同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是“主语主语+be+表语表语”的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词和从句之间加的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词和从句之间加系动词系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。The news that well go on a picnic this Sunday isnt true.这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。The news is that well go on a picnic this Sunday.The news that youve heard isnt true.你听到的这个消息不是真的。你听到的这个消息不是真的。The news is that youve heard.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.The hope(that)she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.Lets have a try at once同位语从句同位语从句：they would come to visit China 对对hope 进行进行具体的说明具体的说明。定语从句定语从句：hope 充当充当express的的宾语宾语。II.判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。哪些含有定语从句。The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world.Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.同同定定The reason why he was late for school sounds unreasonable.He has solved the problem why the radio didnt work well.定定同同I.在在空空格格处处填填上上适适当当的的词词，使使下下列列定定语语从从句句和和同同位位语语从句完整。从句完整。1.The news _ our class had won the football match was very exciting.2.This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.3.The person to _ you spoke is a famous actor.where that whom 医学资料仅供参考,用药方面谨遵医嘱