高中语法复习学案教师版——代词.doc

高中语法复习学案教师版——代词
代词的分类：人称代词；物主代词；反身代词； 指示代词；相互代词；不定代词；疑问代词；连接代词；关系代词
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

人称代词
物主代词

反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
我
I
me
my
mine
myself
我们
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
你
you
you
your
yours
yourself
你们
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
他
he
him
his
his
himself
她
she
her
her
hers
herself
它
it
it
its
its
itself
他们
they
them
their
theirs
themselves

1. 人称代词
1) --- Glade to meet you. --- Me, too. (我也是) --- I do, too. / So do I.
【总结】在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格；如果有谓语动词，人称代词就用主格
2) If anyone arrives late, they will have to wait outside.
【总结】they可以用来代替he 或者she
3) He is taller than me / I (我). He is taller than us all (我们所有人).
【总结】 在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格；尤其是后面有同位语all 时
2. 物主代词
1) This is her (她的) coat. Mine (我的) is over there.
【总结】 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 = 名词性物主代词
2) Some friends of mine (我的) will attend my (我的) birthday party.
【总结】 … 名词+ of + 名词性物主代词构成双重所有格
3) My opening the window made him very angry.
Would you mind my / me opening the window?
【总结】 动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词
如果动名词在句子中做宾语，还可以用人称代词的宾格
【题组训练】
1. --- Susan go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
--- Why me (为什么非要我去做)? John is sitting there, doing nothing.
2. A new supermarket has just been opened. They are having a midweek special now.
3. His (他的) father is an engineer.
4. That car of mine (我的) is always breaking down.
5. His dictionary is much thicker than yours (你的).
6. I know each brother of hers (她的).
3. 反身代词
介词+反身代词
by oneself
单独地；独自地
for oneself
亲自
in oneself
本质上
of oneself
自动地
to oneself
独自享用
beside oneself
由于气愤、激动等发狂忘形
enjoy oneself
感到快乐；过得愉快
behave oneself
使（自己）举止良好
absent oneself
缺课；缺勤
devote oneself to
专心于；献身于
adapt oneself to
适应于
make oneself at home
不要客气
seat oneself
= sit 坐
think for oneself
独立思考
be oneself
处于正常状态；显得自然
come to oneself
恢复自制力/知觉；苏醒过来
find oneself
发现自己不知不觉来到
help oneself to sth.
擅自取用
express oneself
解释自己的意识/ 行为
dress oneself
自己穿上衣服

【题组训练】
1. You’ll have to see if he has gone to the school for herself.
2. The computer may shut off of itself.
3. Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy.
4. One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.
5. I can’t finish the work by myself.
二、疑问代词
1. what & who 的区别
1) --- Who is that man ? --- He is her husband.
2) --- What is the man over there? --- He is a doctor.
【总结】 what 问的是姓名或身份； what 问职业或地位
2. what & which 的区别
1) Which is the biggest animal on land, the panda, the tiger, or the elephant?
2) What is the biggest animal on land?
【总结】 what 是在未知范围内进行选择； which 是在已知范围内进行选择
【题组训练】
1. Which language your friend speak, English or French?
2. Could you tell me what your friend speak?
3. --- Who is your best friend, Helen? --- Mary.
4. --- What is your best friend, Helen? --- She is a lawyer.
3. what 的习惯用法
the population ?
What is the distance?
the price?
your address?
your attitude?
the height / weight / depth / width / size?
【句型转换】
1. How many people are there in China? What is the population of China?
2. How far is it from here to Beijing? What is the distance from here to Beijing?
三、不定代词
1. both; all; either; any; neither; none 的用法

都
任何
都不
两者
both
either
neither
三者或三者以上
all
any
none
【题组训练】
1). Mr. Alcott, headmaster of the school, refused to accept any (任何) of the three suggestions made by the
Students’ Union.
2). There are many trees on either / each side (= both sides) of the street.
3). Neither (都不) of the two cars is mine. Mine is under repair.
4). All (所有的) horses are animals, but not all (所有的) animals are horses.
5) None (都不) of us could live without other people.
2. each & every 的区别
each
个体（各自）
两者或以上中每一个
作代词和形容词
不能与not 连用
可加of
every
整体
三者或以上中每一个
只做宾语
与not连用，表示“不全是”
不可加of
【题组训练】
1. He had a cut on each foot.
2. Every child in the class passed the examination.
3. Each of the houses is slightly different.
4. I asked all the children and each told a different story.
5. Every man is not honest. = not every man is honest.

3. one; another; the other; some; others; the others 的区别

一个/ 一些
另外一个/ 一些
剩余的一个/ 一些
单数
one
another
the other
复数
some
others
the others

the other
the rest of
else
+ 可数名词
+ 复数名词和不可数名词
不定代词或特殊疑问词之后
【题组训练】
1). Would you please make it some other day? (= another day)
2). He will stay here for 3 more days. (= another 3 days)
3) Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _____ ? A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest
4) He will drop in on us ____ day. A. some others B. another C. other D. the rest

4. one; ones; the one; the ones; that; those; it的区别
one
替代前面出现的泛指的单数名词 = a / an + 单数名词
ones
替代前面出现的泛指的复数名词
the one
替代前面出现的特指的单数名词，有时可用that 替代
the ones
替代前面出现的特指的复数名词，有时可用those替代
that
替代前面出现的特指的单数名词或特指的不可数名词 = the + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词
those
替代前面出现的特指的复数名词 = the + 复数名词
it
替代前面出现的特指的单数名词或不可数名词 （同类；同物）
【题组训练】
1) Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, a present ( = one) that I had never seen.
2) Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, many presents ( = ones) that I had never seen.
3) The book on the desk is better than the book ( = that / the one) under the desk.
4) The books on the desk are better than the books ( = those / the ones) under the desk.
5) I have a story book, it is an amazing one.
6) We’ve got a big room, and two small ones.
7) If you need my bike, you may use it.
8) The weight of an elephant is much greater than that of a horse.
9) The words in Unit 6 are more difficult that those / the ones in Unit 5.

5. many; much; few; little; a few; a little 的区别

多
少
肯定
否定
复数名词概念
many
few
a few
few
不可数名词概念
much
little
a little
little
【题组训练】
1). Many (很多) people don’t have much (很多) food.
2). Many (很多) of the mistakes were just caused by carelessness.
3). Few (很少) people can live to be 100 years.
4). You have done very little (很少) for me.
5). Come in and have a little (一点儿) whisky.

6. none & no one 的区别

指代
单复数
与of 的关系
回答提问
none
指人；指物
用作单数或复数
可以与of 连用
回答how many 的提问
no one
指人
用作单数
不与of 连用
回答who 的提问
【题组训练】
1) --- How many students are there in the classroom? --- None.
2) --- Who is in the classroom? --- No one.

7. other; others; the other; the others; another 的区别
other
others
the other
the others
another
泛指另外的
泛指别的人或物
特指两者中的另一个
特指其余所有的
另一个；再一个
+ 可数名词/ 不可数名词
= other + 名词复数
+ 可数名词单数
= the other + 可数名词复数

1) I have 2 dogs. One is black and the other is white.
2) Some people came by bus, others came on foot.
3) I don’t like this dress, show me some others.
4) Have you got any other question?
5) Saying is one thing and doing is another.
6) These two apples are rotten, but the others are all good.

6. 与符合不定代词构成的习惯搭配
1) He is nothing but a clerk. 他只是一名职员。
2) He is anything but a clerk. 他绝不是一名职员。
3) He is someone (somebody) / something / not anybody. 他是个重要人物/ 出色的人物/ 普普通通的人。
4) She is something of a doctor. She has saved may lives. 她可以说是一位医生。她救了很多人的命。
5) He is a scientist or something. 他大概是科学家之类的人物。

It 的用法
1. 基本用法
1) It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象的性别
2) --- I’ve broken a plate. --- It doesn’t matter. 前面提到过的事情
3) The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情
2. 特别指代的事物
1) It is half past two now. (指时间)
2) It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离)
3) It is very cold in the room. (指温度)
4) A lovely day, isn’t it? (指天气)
3. 用作形式主语或形式宾语
A. 形式主语
1) It’s kind of you to help us.
It is not easy for me to finish the English homework in 30 minutes.
【归纳】 It is / was + adj. + (of / for sb.) to do sth. …
2) It’s a good idea to go for a walk on weekend.
【归纳】It is / was + n. + to do sth. …
3) It is against the law to do law.
【归纳】It is / was + prep. phrase + to do sth. …
4) It’s dangerous playing with fire.
【归纳】 It is / was + adj. (useless; dangerous …) / n. ( no use; no good; a waste; fun … ) + doing sth. …
5) It’s a pity that you didn’t pass the exam
【归纳】It is / was + adj. / done / n. (a fact; one’s duty; a surprise … ) + that …
B. 形式宾语
1) He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.
We think it no good reading in bed.
【归纳】sb. find / think / make / consider / feel / suppose + it + …
2) I would appreciate it if you can help me.
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
【归纳】 sb. like / enjoy / prefer / hate / appreciate + it + when / if …
3) You can depend on it that he will help you.
【归纳】 sb. depend on / ask for / answer for / insist on / see to (务必) / come to (确保) + it …

4. 固定句型
1) I take it that you don’t agree with me. (我的理解是……)
2) I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. (我觉得讨厌的是……)
3) I like it when she sins a song for me. (我喜欢的是……)
4) I can’t help it if he is always late. (……我也没办法)
5) I will appreciate it if you can help me. (……我将不胜感激)
6) I don’t mind it if you are late. (我不会介意……)
7) Please see to it that you bring enough money when you go out. (务必……)
8) You can count on it that he is very smart. (你就相信……吧)
9) As someone puts it, practice makes perfect. (正如……所说)
10) You needn’t go if you don’t feel like it. (如果你不愿意……)
11) When it comes to football , he is more excited. (当谈到……)

make it
成功；约定好时间
publish it that …
声称；表明
go it alone
独自干……
take it easy
别着急；慢慢来
fight it out
决一雌雄
beat it
走开；溜掉
It’s up to sb.
由某人决定
It / That depends
视情况而定
catch it
被责骂；被处罚
get it
懂得；受到处分；挨骂

【题组训练】
1. 我认为我们开这个会是必要的
I think it (is) necessary that we have the meeting.
2. 劝他没有用。
It is no use trying to persuade him.
3. 众所周知，在世界上，中国人口最多。
It is well-known that China has the largest population in the world.
4. 据说他们都去看电影了。
It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.
5. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
6. You may depend on it that they are of much value.
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